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O Level Physics Formula

List
Updated: February 15, 2020 by Mini Physics

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This post contains all the important formulas that

you need for GCE O Level Physics. (Equivalent to
American High School Diploma) If you do not
recognise any of the formulas listed here, you
should go review the respective topic. For
dePnitions, please visit All DePnitions Needed For
O Level.

Measurements

Physical quantity Base SI unit

Mass (m) Kilogram (Kg)

Length (l) Metre (m)

Time (t) Second (s)

Current (I) Ampere (A)

Temperature (T) Kelvin (K)

Amount of sub. (n) Molar (mol)

Luminous Intensity (L) Candela (cd)

Number Pre6x Number Pre6x

10−9 nano (n) 10−1 deci (d)

10−6 micro (µ) 103 Kilo (K)

10−3 milli (m) 106 Mega (M)

10−2 centi (c) 109 Giga (G)

jawsformeasuringinnerdimensions
stemfor
screwclamp measuringdepths

mainscale
vernierscale

jaWS(formeasuringouterdimensions)

MainScale

VernierScale
10

Negativezeroerror

Reading without zero error = Reading Obtained − Zero Error

Kinematics
∆d
Average Speed, s = ∆t , d is distance travelled

∆x
Average Velocity, v = ∆t , x is displacement

∆v
Acceleration, a = ∆t

v = u + at

x = ut + 12 at2

v2 = u2 + 2ax

1
s= 2 (u + v) t

Information that you

have Equations of motion
to use
s u v a t

     v = u + at

     s = ut + 12 at2
1
     s= 2 (u + v)

     v2 = u2 + 2as

vf ree f all = √2gh

If a car is driving around a circle at a constant

speed, its velocity is not constant! The car is
accelerating! Why? Because velocity is a vector
(has both magnitude and direction). When the car
is travelling around the circle, its direction is
changing constantly.

Forces and Turning effect of

Force
Newton’s First Law: A body continues to stay in
its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight
line as long as there is no net force acting on the
body.

Newton’s Second Law: The acceleration of an

object is directly proportional to the net force
acting on it and inversely proportional to its
mass.

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Newton’s Third Law: For every force object A acts

on object B, object B will exert an equal and
opposite force on object A giving rise to reaction
force.

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M = F d, M = moment, d = perpendicular dist.

from force to pivot

Principle of moment: sum of anti-clockwise

moment = sum of clockwise moment. →
rotational equilibrium.

Mass, Weight and Density

w = mg

m
ρ= V

Pressure
F
P= A

Pfluid = hρg

F1 F2
Hydraulic press: A = A
1 2

Boyles’ law: P1 V1 = P2 V2

Work, Energy and Power

W = Fd

W
P= t = Fv

1 2
Ek = 2 mv

Eg = mgh, g = 9.81 m s−2

Conservation of energy: Initial energy = Pnal

energy

Thermal Physics
PV ∝ T

P1 V 1 = P2 V 2

E = mc∆T

Ef usion = mLf usion

Evap. = mLvap.

Temperature can be measured using the

following methods:

Expansion of Pxed mass of liquid

Changes in resistance of a piece of metal
Expansion of gas at constant pressure

Why is there constant temperature during

melting?

During melting, heat energy is used to

weaken the attraction between the solid
particles and not used to increase the
kinetic energy of the particles.

When a thermometer is placed into hot water,

why does the reading drops Prst then increase?

The glass bulb expands before the

mercury expands.

Good radiator of heat

Black surface
Rough surface

Waves, ReCection and Refraction

of light, Converging lens,
Electromagnetic Spectrum, Sound
v = fλ

1
f= T

Law of rebection: θi = θr

Snell’s Law: n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2

c
Refractive index: n = v

Denser to less dense medium: Light ray bends

away from normal

Less dense to denser medium: Bends towards

normal

1 < n (λred ) < n (λgreen ) < n (λblue )

n2
Critical angle: sin θc = n1 , n2 is smaller than n1

hi di
MagniPcation: M = h = d
o o

Click to zoom

Note:

An image that is real is always inverted!

An image that is virtual is always upright!

When a water wave moves from deep to shallow,

wavelength become shorter

Frequency remains the same (Freq. of
water wave only depends on SOURCE)
Speed becomes slower

Factors that affect speed of sound

Temperature – Higher temperature =

higher speed of sound
Medium – The denser the medium, the
higher the speed of sound
Humidity – Sound travels faster in higher
humidity conditions

Characteristics of Image formed on plane mirror

Same size
Laterally inverted
Image is virtual

Go to the next page for more equations

Pages: 1 2

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 O Level
 American high school diploma, O Level

 Mini Physics
Administrator of Mini Physics. If you spot any
errors or want to suggest improvements,
please contact us.

Further Reading:
SS: Direct and alternating current
Static Electricity
Measurement Of Length
Current Electricity
SS: Electric bell

68 thoughts on “O Level Physics Formula

List”

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June 12, 2023 at 2:24 AM

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Reply

xena_
January 20, 2023 at 11:23 PM

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Anonymous
May 10, 2023 at 9:15 AM

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and im reading this for the 7th time

Reply

3
May 10, 2023 at 10:00 PM

exams got cancelled here tho lolll

Reply

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July 10, 2023 at 11:05 PM

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September 19, 2022 at 3:38 PM

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.

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November 16, 2021 at 5:20 AM

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June 8, 2020 at 2:36 AM

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July 20, 2023 at 6:52 PM

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February 29, 2020 at 6:23 AM

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OLUMIDE
February 13, 2020 at 3:32 PM

Good Bt No Electricity

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Unknown
April 4, 2020 at 2:51 PM

Page 2 is all about Electricity.

Reply

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November 25, 2019 at 4:01 PM

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ms
September 15, 2022 at 2:25 PM

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July 21, 2019 at 12:17 AM

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March 17, 2019 at 9:45 PM

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April 23, 2019 at 7:21 PM

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November 26, 2018 at 12:23 PM

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March 29, 2019 at 6:10 PM

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Guy who said something

April 21, 2021 at 2:48 AM

Eat sharks

Reply

mercie joe
November 7, 2018 at 7:17 AM

what about the electrical parts

Reply

Bryan
October 23, 2018 at 12:21 PM

you guys missed the entire chapter on

electrical formulas

Reply

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May 2, 2019 at 1:26 AM

Enciency as well

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Anonymous
April 4, 2020 at 2:53 PM

PAGE 2.

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October 18, 2018 at 10:26 PM

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May 31, 2018 at 12:32 PM

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November 5, 2017 at 9:53 PM

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September 10, 2017 at 1:21 AM

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March 25, 2017 at 6:28 AM

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February 28, 2017 at 10:32 PM

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November 19, 2016 at 6:54 PM

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October 23, 2016 at 6:06 AM

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September 14, 2016 at 4:20 PM

help ful

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Julia
September 10, 2016 at 6:37 PM

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formula thanks!

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August 9, 2016 at 7:28 PM

So helpful

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anubhav
August 9, 2016 at 4:17 PM

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Noman Ansari
May 24, 2016 at 7:09 PM

Thank you so much!

I have my CIE exam tomorrow, really
helped a lot.

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Hajra
May 24, 2016 at 2:34 PM

thankyou so much!
i have my cie tomorrow.
this was really helpful

Reply

D.Nakesh
December 26, 2015 at 12:39 PM

Great!There should be more formulas.

Reply

Mini Physics
December 26, 2015 at 12:48 PM

Hello, can you suggest formulas to be

added to this list?

Reply

Aisha
May 22, 2016 at 9:09 AM

like formulas from speciPc heat

capacity or latent heat or zero error or
graphs of kinematics or
electromagnetic spectrum
but this is still very effective i love
these notes. have helped me a lot
thankyou so much miniphysics

Reply

Mini Physics
May 22, 2016 at 1:25 PM

Hello! Thanks for the suggestions!

They are added into the list.

Reply

Darth Vader
December 3, 2015 at 3:05 PM

It helped me save a lot of time. I copied

all the formulas and practiced question
using them. Finding all the formulas in
one place helped me Pnish my revision in
2 hours, other wise it would’ve taken
more than 3. Thanks a lot!

Reply

Abco
November 12, 2015 at 10:03 AM

Thanks.Having my o levels tomorrow.this

helped

Reply

Ed
October 27, 2015 at 8:36 PM

Having my pure physics o’s tomorrow

this was very helpful! HAHA only started
 memorising today and this was perfect

Reply

Jan
October 27, 2015 at 10:07 PM

Same good luck!

Reply

Lubdub
October 7, 2015 at 11:18 PM

Thank you! having my o levels tomorrow

:B

Reply

Zarm ZerP
October 12, 2015 at 4:46 PM

hey, i guess you are doing the oct/nov

too this year XD, same here , we have
physics paper 4 tomorrow

Reply

Nick
October 1, 2015 at 8:48 PM

Any way you could upload a

downloadable version?

Reply

INNOCENT
September 9, 2014 at 11:53 PM

This is very useful for revision.

Reply

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