1.

Unipolarity: Unipolarity refers to a global power structure in which a single dominant

state-state or power holds significant influence and superiority over other states.In a unipolar
system, there is a clear imbalance of power, with a state possessing superior military, economic,
and political power. The post-Cold War era, considered the sole superpower of the United States,
is often cited as an example of unipolarity.

2. Multi-polarity: Multipolarity describes a global power structure characterized by the

presence of multiple major power centers or poles of influence. In a multipolar system, several
countries or regions have relatively equal power and influence, which leads to a complex web of
alliances, rivalries and competitions between them. The European balance of power in the 19 th
century, with countries such as Britain, France, Russia and Germany vying for influence, was an
example of multipolarity.

3. Soft Power:
Soft power refers to the ability of a country or entity to influence others and achieve its goals
through non-coercive means such as culture, diplomacy, values and attraction. It involves
forming the preferences of others through persuasion rather than relying solely on military or
economic coercion. For example, the United States has used its soft power through popular
culture, educational exchange programs, and the promotion of democratic values to influence
and build relationships with other countries.

4. Sharp Power:
Sharp power is a term used to describe the aggressive and coercive use of non-military tools by
authoritarian regimes to manipulate and undermine political systems. And values of other
countries. Unlike soft power, which relies on attraction and persuasion, hard power involves
tactics such as disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks, economic coercion, propaganda, and
political interference.The use of social media and cyberattacks by state-sponsored actors to
influence elections or destabilize foreign governments can be considered examples of
competitive power.