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EI Uuiuj
EI Uuiuj
When thermal energy does work it loses some energy while doing the work in the disorder that thermal
energy generates. This disorder is known as entropy. The lost energy is called ‘Anergy’. After providing for
anergy the amount of energy left in the system is available to perform work. This energy is called ‘Exergy’
Therefore, the exergy is work performed in a system by energy free from entropy before the system reaches
thermodynamic equilibrium with its environment.
Exergy is the theoretical limit for the work potential that can be obtained from a source or a system at a
given state when interacting with a reference (environment) at a constant condition.
Energy is conserved but not exergy: 1st law of thermodynamics vs 2nd law of thermodynamics
It is seen from this description that exergy is dependent on the state of the total system (= system +
reservoir) and not depend entirely on the state of the system. Exergy is therefore not a state variable.
This definition of exergy is used in engineering to express the efficiency of power plants. The energy
efficiency of power plants is of course 100%, according to the first law of thermodynamics, while the
interesting efficiency is the exergy efficiency: how much of the chemical energy (exergy) in the applied fossil
fuel if fossil fuel is the energy source is converted to useful work (exergy)? What is not converted to exergy in
form of electricity is lost as heat to the environment at the temperature of the environment – it contains
therefore no work potential.
Notice that the exergy of the system is dependent on the intensive state variables of the reservoir. Notice
that exergy is not conserved. Only if entropy-free energy is transferred, which implies that the process is
reversible, exergy is conserved. All processes, in reality, are, however, irreversible, which means that exergy
is lost (and entropy is produced). Loss of exergy and production of entropy are two different descriptions of
the same reality, namely, that all processes are irreversible, and we unfortunately always have some loss of
energy forms that can do work. So, the formulation of the second law of thermodynamic by use of exergy is
‘all real processes are irreversible which implies that exergy inevitably is lost’. ‘Exergy is not conserved’, while
the energy of course is conserved by all processes according to the first law of thermodynamics.
Significance of exergy
Exergy analyses are very convenient methods for assessing the performance of energy conversion systems.
Exergy analysis helps in finding the type, location, and magnitude of energy losses in a system