Factor responsible for high incidence/prevalence of HIV

in district Jind

Proposal submitted to
Haryana State AIDS Control Society (HSACS)
Panchkula

Proposal submitted by
Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences (AIBAS)
Amity University Haryana, Gurugram
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)
Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Gurugram
Haryana-122413

1
Cover sheet
Title of the program
Factor responsible for high incidence/prevalence of HIV
in district Jind
Geographical region District Jind, Haryana state

Details of the Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences

organization Amity University Haryana
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)
Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Gurugram
Haryana-122413

Name and details of Prof. Rajesh Nair, PhD, PGDH&FW, FRSPH

Principal Investigator Director
Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences
Amity University Haryana
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)
Amity Education Valley
Gurugram (Manesar), Haryana -122413, INDIA
Tel: +91-124-2337015, Extn: 4400
Mobile: +91-9818885803
Email: rnair@ggn.amity.edu
Web: www.amity.edu/gurugram/

Co- PI Dr. Indu Yadav, Assistant Professor, AIBAS

Mobile: 9999009179, E-mail: ibala@ggn.amity.edu
Project Period and
Venue 4 months, district Jind, Haryana

Proposed budget Rs. 1,10,000/- (Rupees One lakh ten thousand only)

2
SECTION A: ADMINISTRATIVE DETAILS
Sr.
No.
1. Title of Project
2. Name and address of Lead
Research Institute (LRI)
Factor responsible for high incidence/prevalence
of HIV in district Jind
Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences
Amity University Haryana
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by NAAC)
Amity Education Valley, Manesar, Gurugram
Haryana-122413

3. Name, Designation, Contact details & signature

Principal Investigator Co- Investigator
LRI Prof. Rajesh Nair,
PhD, PGDH&FW, FRSPH
Director
Amity Institute of Behavioural &
Allied Sciences and
Amity Institute of Clinical
Psychology (AICP)
Amity University Haryana
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by
NAAC)
Amity Education Valley
Gurugram (Manesar), Haryana -
122413, INDIA
Tel: +91-124-2337015, Extn:
4400
Mobile: +91-9818885803
Email: rnair@ggn.amity.edu
Web: www.amity.edu/gurugram/
Signature
Dr. Indu Yadav, PhD
Assistant Professor, Amity
Institute of Behavioural & Prof. Rajesh
Allied Sciences (AIBAS)
Amity University Haryana
Nair
(Accredited with Grade ‘A’ by
NAAC)
Amity Education Valley
Gurugram (Manesar), Haryana -
122413, INDIA
Tel: +91-124-2337015,
Extn: 4400
Mobile: 9999009179,
E-mail: ibala@ggn.amity.edu
Web: www.amity.edu/gurugram/

Note: Brief profile of Amity University Haryana and proposed project

team has been mentioned at Annexure-I

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 SECTION B: PROJECT DETAILS
1. Title of the project: Factor responsible for high incidence/prevalence of
HIV in district Jind
2. Background & Rationale for the study and its application with respect to the
programme priorities under current phase of NACP

2.1 Background
The risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, which has the potential of
significantly attacking the immune system of individuals, is highly prevalent in India. As per
the India HIV Estimation report (2019), the overall estimated prevalence of HIV infection in
the nation is declining in the population aged 15-49 years when compared to the peak in the
year 2000. However, despite the dip, the prevalence rates remain high at 0.22%, which is a
huge percentage for a densely populated country (National AIDS Control Organisation). A
report by National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) indicated the percentage of HIV
prevalence in the 15-49 year age range at 0.22% for Haryana state for the year 2021 and a total
of 49976 persons living with the condition (National AIDS Control Organisation, 2022).
Furthermore, the state wise distribution remains disproportionate, with some states and union
territories (UTs) recording much higher prevalence rates as compared to the others.
Furthermore, even within these states, different prevalence rates have been estimated across
different districts. For instance, as reported in the Technical Brief entitled ‘District-Level HIV
Estimates and Prioritization in India 2019’, the number of persons affected by HIV varied
across districts. In Jind, the current area under study, the prevalence rate was reported to be
0.917% corresponding to a total of 10309 persons living with HIV. The same was thus marked
as a high priority area (National AIDS Control Organisation, 2021).
In 2017, the adult prevalence of HIV infection was found to be 0.18% in Haryana, with 0.363
persons living with HIV (in lakhs) in the state. 2.48 (thousand) new HIV infections were
reported. 1.31 (in thousand) AIDS related deaths were reported (National AIDS Control
Organization & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics, 2018). In 2021, the estimated
prevalence for HIV was 0.22% (National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National
Institute of Medical Statistics, 2022).

Table 1: The following table shows state HIV prevalence for the 15-49 year age-group for
the years 2018-2021 for Haryana state, India
2018 2019 2020 2021

LB Estimate UB LB Estimate UB LB Estimate UB LB Estimate UB

0.19 0.22 0.26 0.19 0.22 0.26 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.18 0.22 0.26

Source: National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics
(2022)

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The data pertaining to self-awareness about HIV infection and treatment seeking with respect
to Haryana for years 2018 to 2021 has been depicted in the following graph for persons living
with the condition:

Source: National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics
(2022)

Table 2: Furthermore, within the state of Haryana, the disproportionate distribution of the
prevalence rates have also been indicated by National AIDS Control Organisation for the year 2019:

Source: National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics
(2021).
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It clearly highlights that the HIV prevalence in district Jind is way high at 0.917 level in
comparison to the other twenty one districts of Haryana. Critical review of the prevalence rate
informs that the concern is a widespread one. It has devastating consequences for those
affected, both directly and indirectly. It is nonetheless hopeful to see that the rates have declined
and may be stabilizing, and the same gives an impetus to steadfast efforts towards further
reducing these rates. The district wide map on key indicators such as Adulty HIV prevalence,
PLHIV size, new HIV infections and PMTCT need for all districts in Haryana including district
Jind has been depicted in following graph. It can be clearly articulated that the prevalence &
incidence of HIV infections in district Jind is comparatively on higher side.

Source: National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics
(2021).
The National AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and STD (Sexually Transmitted
Diseases) Control Programme (NACP) directs its efforts towards reducing the prevalence of
the HIV infection and its dreadful impact, which can range from severe impact on health of
affected individuals, devastating impact on families and caregivers to even an increased
number of lives lost to the condition. The HIV infection is recognised as a major public health
challenge, significantly adding to the burden of disease. It has long been recognised as being
one amongst the several challenges facing many developing countries such as India. The high
incidence and prevalence rates present themselves as an alarming call to curb the spread
through effective promotive and preventive work; along with continued identification and
management of those affected through secondary and tertiary level interventions.
2.2 Rationale of study
The present study proposes to investigate the factors responsible for high incidence/ prevalence
of HIV infections in district Jind, a niche area in Haryana and thereby aims to identify the
factors responsible for the high incidence and prevalence that may be very specific to the given
socio-cultural context. The factors & determinants to be identified from the present study
would help in designing focused interventions (strategies & activities) around Preventive,
Promotive, Treatment & Care and Rehabilitative services. The same would also serve as a
precursor for designing and delivering interventions that are attuned to the specific needs of
the area under study. The current research project would additionally stand in line with the
larger objectives of NACP Phase-V. In line with the Health Belief Model, the study would also
help uncover any prevalent health related beliefs and HIV related misconceptions and myths
that may possibly be a contributory factor to the high incidence and prevalence rates. As also
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stated above, the prevalence rate of HIV in Jind district is 0.917%, making it the area with the
highest prevalence rate in Haryana state. Furthermore, the number of new infections in the
district in the 15 and above age-group were reported to be the highest in Jind. The number of
AIDS-related deaths were also the maximum in the said district (National AIDS Control
Organization, 2021). The same is a reflection on the need to prevent the condition at its nascent
stages such that devastating outcomes of such nature can be avoided.
The study further intends to explore whether the narratives and perceptions of healthcare
workers differ from others residing in the district. Those working closely in the healthcare
industry may carry certain medical knowledge and awareness which can possibly be expected
to bring out the said difference. Moreover, focus on residents in the community who may not
otherwise be engaged in the healthcare profession would also be considered based on the
premise that the community is the best judge of the concerns that face it and the importance of
undermining this insider perspective would result in valuable knowledge being lost.
Furthermore, not only would the study aid in identifying the determinants, but would also serve
as a reflection on the level of awareness that the community possesses around an issue that
seems to impact it in a significant way. The resultant knowledge would aid in identifying the
existent gaps and a generated awareness around the areas where effort needs to be directed.
3. Objectives
i. To identify and compare the factors and determinants of high incidence and
prevalence of HIV in Jind district with other districts in Haryana
ii. To ascertain differences in perception around of high incidence and prevalence of
HIV amongst healthcare workers, PLHIVs and Most at Risk Groups (MARGs) in
Jind district, Haryana
iii. To articulate and recommend necessary focused intervention strategies & activities
around Preventive, Promotive, Treatment & Care and Rehabilitative services to
improve coverage and quality of programme.

4. Present knowledge and relevant bibliography including full titles of articles relating
to the project
The present study aims to add to a burgeoning body of extensively explored evidences around
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections, a major public health problem identified globally
and in India in1980s. Unprotected sexual intercourse (including anal and vaginal sex) with
unknown/ casual partners and multi-partners, such as female sex workers, male sex workers,
parenteral and perinatal HIV transmission, contaminated blood transfusion, use of unsterile
injectables & sharp/ invasive medical equipment, and from mother to child transmission during
pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding are considered to be the main routes of HIV infection
albeit not the only route. And the prevention and control of HIV infection depends on the
successful prevention of new infections and by treating currently infected individuals. Hence,
it is crucial to understand the factors responsible for high incidence/prevalence of HIV plays a
significant role in the successful prevention and care of HIV infection. Researchers working in
the field of understanding HIV have not just attempted to understand the incidence and
prevalence rates of the condition, but have also attempted to understand the predictors and
determinants of high HIV infection rates. The same has been essential as appropriate and
targeted interventions can only be designed when there is sufficient knowledge around the
causes leading to a particular condition, which can thereafter be curtailed. Both nationally and
internationally, research has demonstrated and highlighted several factors that may lead to a
higher number of HIV infections.

In South Africa, factors such as education and a secure housing situation have been shown to
be protective against HIV infection in earlier research, but there hasn't been any reliable
correlation between employment position and HIV infection. Furthermore, it is yet unknown
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how wealth or income increase HIV risk. More research is needed to determine how
socioeconomic indicators affect people living with HIV in South Africa after controlling for
behavioural and demographic factors, despite the widespread belief that socioeconomic
stressors may push people with lower SES to engage in riskier sexual behaviours, such as
transactional sex. It has been hypothesized that pressures like poverty and food insecurity make
people of lower socioeconomic status (SES) more prone to taking sexual risks and eventually
developing HIV (Soo et al., 2023).
Previous research demonstrated that a lower level of education and an unstable housing
condition increased the risk of HIV infection; the likelihood of female participants contracting
HIV rose with unprotected intercourse, several partners, or sex with an HIV-positive partner.
The likelihood of acquiring HIV changed depending on factors like gender, marital status,
having pre-existing conditions, testing history, and prior HIV exposure. The likelihood of
engaging in sexual behaviours linked to HIV infection was influenced by socioeconomic
characteristics. Male participants' likelihood of having undergone an HIV test in the previous
six months appears to be influenced by socioeconomic characteristics. Lower education levels
among female participants seemed to enhance their likelihood of engaging in particular sexual
behaviors linked to higher HIV risk. However, none of the socioeconomic variables appeared
to have a significant impact on the likelihood that female participants had gotten an HIV test
in the previous six months. Overall, the results show that, regardless of sex, socioeconomic
determinants of health continue to play a significant role in the HIV epidemic while having
varied effects on HIV infection (Singh et al., 2023).
The emphasis on individual and behavioural aspects in preventive measures has obscured the
role that socioeconomic issues played in the HIV epidemic, and a stronger emphasis on tackling
social determinants of health is necessary. In relation to public health policies, Geoffrey Rose
famously argued that the population strategies that target population determinants of disease
should be preferred over high-risk strategies because they address the underlying factors that
contribute to disease incidence and are behaviourally appropriate because they do not take
individual susceptibility into account. The high-risk strategy has been a popular model for HIV
prevention programmes, but they do a poor job of addressing the underlying social
determinants of health. They are concentrated on important groups and behavioural risk factors.
Conversely, population policies that address socioeconomic variables by encouraging more
stable housing and higher educational attainment can reduce the incidence of HIV by changing
the population's overall illness curve. As Rose notes, this strategy is not only radical in its
attempt to change the root causes of disease, but it is also non-discriminatory, which is
especially included in the context of HIV, where stigma and discrimination against those who
live with HIV have been significant roadblocks to the development of strategies to eradicate
the disease (Emmanuel et al., 2015).
Even after accounting for personal and behavioural characteristics, it can be proven that
socioeconomic factors, such as less stable housing, lower education levels, and neighbourhood,
affect the likelihood of contracting HIV. Although personal responsibility in health has
traditionally been emphasized in HIV prevention measures, the results of studies demonstrate
that behavioural and individual factors do not entirely explain HIV infection. Therefore,
socioeconomic characteristics were linked to higher sexual risk-taking, which raised the risk
of HIV among female participants (Deacon, 2006).
People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are more likely to face discrimination than patients
with the majority of other medical diseases because HIV/AIDS is a highly stigmatized health
condition, even after the four decades of Interventions. According to Li et al., Chinese medical
professionals were less open to interacting, even casually, with a fictitious patient who had
Hepatitis B than HIV/AIDS. Such results are also evident in Indian scenario. The incidences
of discrimination and stigma associated with HIV/AIDS can lower the standard of care and
treatment received. HIV-positive patients' experiences and self-esteem may also suffer as a

8
result. Therefore, even when HIV-positive individuals have access to medical care, their health
and quality of life might not actually improve (Deacon and Boulle, 2006).
Since the late 1980s, there has been intense study interest in identifying the elements that
influence stigma and prejudice related to HIV/AIDS among healthcare professionals. Health
care professionals' exposure to PLWHA, level of medical education, awareness of HIV, and
perceived risk of infection at work are the elements that have gotten the most attention as they
relate to HIV/AIDS-related stigma and prejudice. Type of medical profession, category of
healthcare facility, profile of patients seen, and nature of contact with PLWHA are other
characteristics that have not gotten enough attention (Deacon and Boulle, 2006).
Although prior exposure to PLWHA typically reduces stigma and prejudice by healthcare
workers, some types of exposure emphasize status disparities between patients and healthcare
professionals instead of fostering greater empathy. In a study on nurses, Sadow et al., 2002
suggest that because medical education frequently fosters the perception that there is a status
hierarchy, it may actually worsen nursing students' stigmatizing sentiments (Deacon and
Boulle, 2006).
The link between HIV knowledge, infection fear, and stigma (blaming and shaming) or
discrimination has long been the subject of research. Some research uncover a close
connection, whereas others do not. The epidemic's development and the cultural acceptance of
bias towards people classified as risk groups may have an impact on these findings. Li et al.
discovered that health professionals' willingness to interact with PLWHA was more closely
connected to fear of infection than HIV knowledge. In the case of nurses, fear of infection was
positively correlated with prejudice, but not in the case of doctors and technicians (Deacon and
Boulle, 2006).
In India, researchers have indicated that population size, density, high mobility, lack of
awareness, limited healthcare facilities, social taboo, higher levels of stigma & discrimination
rapid & unplanned urbanisation are some of the factors that impact HIV prevalence rates in
certain districts in the country. Moreover, socio-economic status, literacy rates and proportion
of persons in the reproductive age were also identified as determinants of HIV infections.
Sexual health related knowledge such as protection measures were found to be associated with
lower rates of HIV infection (Joshi & Mehendale, 2019). In Ethiopia, researchers have
indicated that governmental efforts towards spreading awareness was also a significant
predictor along with perception of the severity of the condition, socio-cultural variables as well
as the movement of people in the area (Qanche et al, 2021) are some factors of HIV infections..
Researchers exploring risk factors in Pacific countries and some of the states in India have
indicated substance use as a predictor along with certain sexual health related factors such as
number of sexual partners and use of protective measures (Mohammadnezhad et al, 2016).
Apart from identifying the risk factors, researchers have also highlighted that sexual education
may not be robust and equipped enough in school sexual education programs (Kippax et al,
2003), thus limiting the effects of programmes overall coverage and quality.
5. Detailed research plan
5.1(a) Research design: The proposed cross-sectional study is exploratory research in nature
and aims to identify the factors and determinants of high incidence and prevalence of HIV
infections in Jind district. Study would use mixed method (qualitative & quantitative) for data
collection, data analysis and interpretation.

5.2 (b) Sample size: Based on the cumulative number of PLHIVs registered in district Jind
i.e.10,309 approximate (based on National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National
Institute of Medical Statistics (2021) the sample size for quantitative data collection would be
drawn using the following formulae:

9
 where
z is the z score
ε is the margin of error
N is the population size
p̂ is the population proportion

The sample size using above formulae for present study is N= 138 based on premise that
population size of PLHIV in district Jind is approx. 10,309 PLHIVs (report by NACO, ICMR,
NIMS, 2021), HIV prevalence is .917, total population size is 1334152 (2011 Census),
Confidence level 95%, Margin of error 5%, 10% additional sample is being considered.
Quantitative data would be collected from the registered PLHIV with ICTC and ART centres.
List of registered PLHIVs would be obtained from HSACS or Jind district ART/ ICTC. The
study participants/ respondents would be randomly selected based using simple random
method.
5.3 (c) Sampling frame for qualitative data collection: The qualitative data would be
collected based on using the Expert Interviews and In-depth Interview method.
Sr. Interview participant Number
No.
1. Deputy Director (ICTC) 01
2. Deputy Director (ART) 01
3. Technical Support Unit 02
4. Chief Medical Officer, Jind 01
5. District Nodal Officer (ICTC) 01
6. District Nodal Officer (ART) 01
7. WHO Consultant (ART & 02
ICTC)/ NACO/ ICMR point
person
8. Counsellors (ICTC) 02
9. Counsellors (ART) 02
10. Partner NGO 01
11. HIV positive network in 02
Haryana
12. PHLHIV 05
Total number of Interviews 21
Thematic analysis would be conducted after transcribing the interviews and coding the
responses based on key themes. If required the number of interviews would be further
increased, till the time saturation of information required is not received. Data received from
qualitative & quantitative research methods will be further triangulated to infer the desired
information as per the objectives of present study.
5.4 (d) Sampling design: Considering the nature of the study, purposive sampling would be
used for obtaining the data from study respondents.
5.5 (e) Study setting: The study participants/ respondents would be identified purposefully
based on convenience from Jind district, Haryana. They would mainly comprise of Health
experts, healthcare workers primarily working in district and below district hospitals working
at ART centres and ICTCs. Apart from this data would be collected from the PLHIVs registered
with ART and ICTC centres in Jind district.
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 Source: mapsofindia.com
Jind is one amongst the 22 districts of Haryana state, India and is one of the oldest districts in
the state. It is spread over an area of 2702 sq. km and as per the Census of 2011, houses a
population of 1,334,152 persons. The urban population is comprised of 305,583 and rural
population of 1,028,569 persons. The district comprises of a total of 306 villages. With regard
to healthcare facilities, Jind has 35 hospitals.
The following table depicts important statistical data pertaining to population parameters for
Jind district, Haryana such as occupational engagement of individuals residing in the district:

Source: Directorate of Census Operations (2011)

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5.6 (f) Methodology (Procedure): The study would initially begin with detailed review of
routine data from ART centres and ICTCs in Jind district for last 3-5 years. Initially qualitative
research using Interview method would be used for getting the experts view on the problem.
Based on the initial inputs received from Expert interviews the research tool for collecting the
quantitative data would be developed and finalized. Study would use mixed method (qualitative
& quantitative) for data collection, data analysis and interpretation.
5.7 (g) Statistical methods to be used: Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis will be
conducted to obtain the objectives present study. Regression Analysis would be conducted
using SPSS ver. 28.0.1 to identify predictors (factors & determinants) of high prevalence and
incidence of HIV infections in district Jind. The data obtained from qualitative & quantitative
research methods will be further triangulated to infer the desired information based on the
research objectives of present study.
Thematic analysis would be used to analyse the interviews as it is likely to lend itself well to
identifying threads and patterns across different respondents and groups. Alongside, the
method of analysis would also leave scope for identifying any unique responses that may come
up during the course of the interviews and discussions. Thematic analysis would additionally
aid in uncovering the themes persistent across respondents belonging to a given group, such as
healthcare professionals, health expert and PLHIVs.
5.8 (h) Research Tools: For conducting the Expert interviews and in-depth interviews,
checklist and topic guides will be developed. Till the time information saturation is reached as
per the research objectives of present study, topic guide will be updated for conducting the
interviews. Data to be obtained through In-depth Interviews and Expert Interviews and will be
used to develop a semi-structured interview schedule for quantitative data collection.
Additionally routine data collected by ICTC and ART centres in Jind district and by HSACS
will be reviewed for last 3-5 years period to understand the trend and composition of PLHIVs
vital information. Semi-structured interview schedule would be prepared to gather the
participant’s perceptions of the factors responsible for the high incidence and prevalence of
HIV in Jind district, Haryana. Furthermore, a separate guide would be prepared to facilitate the
group discussions.
5.9 (i) Inclusion criteria and Exclusion criteria: Inclusion criteria for quantitative data
analysis would be PLHIVs registered with ART centres and ICTC centres. PLHIVs willing to
participate in the study will be included. For Exclusion criteria the person who is not registered
with ART centre and ICTC in district Jind. Unwilling PLHIVs will not be considered for the
study. Seriously ill PLHIV or person who is pregnant will excluded from the study.
5.10(i) Implementation/operational plan: The first phase of the research would involve
developing an in-depth understanding of the current status of the prevalence of HIV in Haryana,
particularly Jind district. The same would be done through secondary review of literature and
official documentation of institutes working in this area such as the National AIDS Control
Organisation. The research would then move on to development of the research tools which
would be subject to pilot testing to identify any gaps in the same. The tools would be developed
based on reviewing relevant literature as well as after interacting with professionals working
in the area of understanding HIV and responsible for developing promotional and preventive
interventional programs. The researchers would also attempt to develop an understanding of
the culture of Jind district which would make the process of carrying out qualitative research
more grounded in the socio-cultural context of the district. The data collection would be carried
out over a period of one-two months and thematic analysis would be used to draw out relevant
patterns and themes. The results of the study as well as relevant suggestions for future course
of action would be documented in the form of a report for future reference and action.

12
5.11 (j) Quality assurance and quality control protocols
To ensure the same, it would first be imperative to make the research study as contextually
relevant as possible. Triangulation of data collection methods as well as sources of data would
be ensured. The former would include both interviews and quantitative data collection, while
the former would include experienced healthcare workers as well as non-healthcare workers;
individuals belonging to different age-groups and individuals with differing levels of
education. Furthermore, the analysis and drawing of themes would be carried out by more than
one researcher to minimize the errors caused by subjective and possibly biased interpretations
of a single researcher. The semi-structured nature of the interview would allow to ask relevant
questions based on the information attained from the participants as the interview progresses.
Field notes would be maintained which would allow reflection each visit to further modify and
strengthen the process of data collection.
5.12 (k) Ethical considerations and respondent protection measures
As the research study would involve delving into and navigating through a sensitive area and
aims to tap a significant human experience, the principle of no harm would be upheld at all
times. Confidentiality of information attained from the participants would be ensured. Proper
privacy & confidentiality would be strictly maintained. Participants informed consent would
be taken. Participant’s Information Sheet (PIS) would be provided to all participants. Ethical
approval would be obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) at AUH. Furthermore,
for the In-depth Interviews, the participants would be apprised of the issue of confidentiality
and respect for the viewpoint of each individual, even though individual viewpoints around
the issue of HIV may occasionally differ. Furthermore, a facilitator would be present to
navigate through any conflicts that may potentially arise. The interviews and discussions would
be recorded after due consent is obtained from the participants. Informed consent for
participation would be attained from the participants which would be voluntary in nature.
Participants would be informed that they have the full right to withdraw from the study, without
any costs. If any question during the course of the interview or the discussion makes them
uncomfortable or they wish to not answer, they would possess the full right to skip the question.
The information would be kept strictly confidential and if the data is used for publication or
academic purposes, their identity or any identifying information will not be revealed. All
information would be kept with the researcher and would be secured safely. Recordings would
be discarded post completion of the research study. While carrying out field visits, sensitivity
toward the cultural context of the participants would be ensured. Given the qualitative nature
of the study, reflexivity would allow the process to be carried out mindfully.
5.12 (l) Timelines
Tasks March, 2023 April, 2023 May, 2023 June, 2023
Orientation cum training
programme
Meeting with HSACS officials
for seeking letter of support and
guidance on related to routine
dataset
Review of secondary data
Finalization of research tools
Pilot testing of tools
Field visits for starting data
collection, interviews and
quantitative data collection
Analysis of data collected from
interviews and quantitative data
Documentation and report
writing

13
 Dissemination of findings and
submission of final report
6. Facilities in terms of equipment, etc, available at the Institutions/Organizations for
the proposed investigation
As the study would involve carrying out one-on-one interviews as well as discussions, the same
would require a space whereby the participants can feel comfortable to express their views and
confidentiality can be maintained. For facilitating the interviews, the participants would be
required to be seated comfortably arrangement such that interaction with member can be
ensured. One researcher would serve as a note maker to ensure that important information is
not missed out, while another researcher would act as a facilitator.

7. Budget requirement with detailed item-wise break-up and full justification

Proposed budget
Designation/ Activity Study Human Justification
budget (for Resource on
studies of 4 Project
months
duration)
Study lead (1) / Principal 20,000 Prof. Rajesh Dedicated time to be
Investigator (PI) Nair provided by PI for giving
technical guidance to
achieve project outcomes
Co- Principal -- Dr. Indu Yadav Supervision of project
Investigator (CO-PI) activities and quality
assurance
Research officer (1) 15,000 Ms. Varuni Supporting development of
Sethi research tools, data
collection data analysis,
draft report writing
Field Investigator 12,000 Ms. Ankita Development of research
Dalal tools and data collection
Data Entry Operator (1) 10,000 Mr. Yogesh Supporting data feeding,
Chand data analysis,
documentation
Orientation cum training 10,000 -- Venue: Conference room,
Amity University Haryana
Data collection (local 20,000 -- As per actuals based on
travel/stay incl. between guidelines
districts)
*No out of State
expenditure permissible
Miscellaneous (printing, 3,000 -- As per actuals to support
stationary) training, data collection
and report writing
Printing of final report 5,000 -- As per actuals based on the
number of reports to be
prepared
Dissemination 5,000 -- Based on dissemination
plan in discussion with
HSACS point person

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 Overhead costs @ 10% 10,000 As per AUH guidelines
of total funds requested
Rs. 1,00,000/- to be
charged by Amity
University Haryana
Total 1,10,000/-
Rupees One lakh ten thousand only
Note: The book keeping of project would be maintained by Principal Investigator as per
AUH guidelines
References:
Deacon, H., & Boulle, A. (2007). Commentary: Factors affecting HIV/AIDS-related stigma
and discrimination by medical professionals. International Journal of Epidemiology, 36(1),185-
190.
Directorate of Census Operations Haryana. (2011). District Census Handbook Jind.
https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3218a0aefd1d1a4be65601cc6ddc1520e/uploads/2018/10/2018101581.
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Annexure-I
Brief profile of Amity University Haryana (AUH) and the proposed project team of Amity
Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences Amity University Haryana, to be involved in
the project:
About Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon
Amity University Haryana has been established by Haryana Act No. 10 (2010) of Government
of Haryana and is recognized as per Section 2(f) of the UGC Act. Amity is the first University
in India to get ISO 9001, ISO 14001, ISO 27001, ISO 22000 and ISO 50001 Certifications.
Amity University Haryana is Grade ‘A’ accredited by NAAC.

AUH Situated in the picturesque, 110-acre Amity Education Valley, in the close proximity of
Gurgaon, one of India’s biggest corporate hubs. Amity University Gurgaon has also been
awarded as the “Top Pvt. University” in Haryana by India Today magazine. India’s only &
Asia’s 2nd University to be awarded LEED (USA) Platinum certification

Amity University Haryana (AUH), Gurgaon has a vision to be a world class centre of creativity
and innovation and to contribute to the progress of humanity through excellence in education,
industry and society relevant research and extension services. To achieve this vision AUH has
following mission statements, which provides it the driving force:
• To foster academic innovations to create an environment of student centric learning.
• To nurture talent and creativity.
• To promote interdisciplinary and trans-departmental culture.
• To strengthen industry – academia integration for relevance driven excellence in education
and research.
• To promote international collaboration and cooperation.
• To inculcate moral values, help embrace cognitive skills and social responsibilities.

1260 management case-studies covering domains like Strategy, Marketing, Economics &
Finance and others, bought across 68 countries. The Directorate of Research & Publication
(DRP, AUH) at Amity University Haryana, Gurugram is responsible for providing research
leadership, which normally includes: promoting and facilitating leading- edge research,
including collaborative and interdisciplinary research; building, and providing sufficient
support for, a community of innovative researchers to enhance research capacity at the
university. Under the aegis of DRP, AUH our faculty competed and procured major
grants funded by the Government Funding bodies such as DBT, DST, DAE, IUAC,
MNRE, Ministry of
Ayush etc. and as a consequence during preceding year more than 18 Cr worth projects
were awarded to AUH and 101 patents were filed. AIB/AIISH could compete with a mega
infrastructural grant from the DST to help set up a ‘Lipidomics Center’. Some of the key
achievements AUH, Gurgaon are:

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• 115 Patents Filed
• 52 Funded Projects Sanctioned
• 70 Funded Projects Submitted
• 652 Research Publications
• 362 Ph.D Scholars

Directorate of Research & Publication is responsible for providing research leadership, which
normally includes: promoting and facilitating leading-edge research, including collaborative
and interdisciplinary research; building, and providing sufficient support for, a community of
innovative researchers to enhance research capacity at the university and to increase internal
and external research opportunities for faculty, post-doctoral fellows, and graduate students;
developing networks between the research centre and researchers in the field in the public and
private sectors, nationally and internationally; transferring knowledge to society through
outreach). DRP, AUH has also been able to motivate graduate and post graduate students to
opt research as their carriers. As a result, our students not only have been able to compete for
internship in various national educational institutes but could also get better placements in
leading organizations. AIB/AIISH is in the process of world class modular laboratories which
will provide even more impetus in our research and innovation drive. The impetus provided by
DRP, AUH has yielded quality publications in high impact factor journals and books. Few of
our publications have also made to cover pages of these journals. To show case the excellence
in global science, the past year also saw regular visits of galaxies of distinguished guest
speakers and in organizing various national and international meetings in AUH. Our students
and faculty were also invited to several national and international meetings where they
presented their research, chaired sessions and fetched awards. DRP, AUH has been able to
promote and manage research and innovation drive of AUH, however, there is more to be done.
We hope that our efforts will bring in more extra-mural grants and laurels in terms of quality
publication and patents.
About the project team:

Dr. Rajesh Nair, PhD (Health Psychology),

PGD Health & FW, PGDHRM
Professor and Director
Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences
Amity University Haryana
Email: rnair@ggn.amity.edu

Rajesh has Ph.D. in Health Psychology and has undergone a Short Intensive Fellowship
Program on HIV-Public Health and Program Delivery at Sydney Medical School, University
of Sydney under Australian Leadership Award Fellowship (ALAF). He has earned Masters
with specialization in Clinical & Abnormal Psychology; Psychological Testing and
postgraduate qualifications in Health & Family Welfare, Human Resource Management,
Labour Laws and Personnel Management.
Rajesh has more than twenty-four years of work experience in public health practice, research,
teaching and training. His work experience is mainly in program management, monitoring &
evaluation, teaching social & behavioural sciences, psychosocial and operational researches,
developing and implementation of focused interventions among Most at Risk Groups
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(MARGs) under National AIDS Control Programme (NACP). He has worked as National
Consultant (NGOs and TIs), to provide technical support by UNDP at National AIDS Control
Organization (NACO), Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India and at State AIDS
Control Societies (SACSs) in various capacities (years 2001-2008) under NACP-II & III. He
has extensively worked among Most at Risk Groups including MSM, FSWs, IDUs, street
children, out of school youth, school-going children on Life Skills Education program. At
Institute for Reproductive Health (IRH), Georgetown University, Washington DC’s - India
country office, he provided program management support for implementation and scale up of
Fertility Awareness-based Methods (FAM) under RCH programme supported by USAID in
the priority states of Uttar Pradesh and Jharkhand. He has worked at Indian Institute of Public
Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG) University as Assistant Professor from November 2010 to
December 2012 and was State Lead for STEPS project (Strengthening of Tobacco
Control Efforts through Innovative Partnerships and Strategies), Gujarat. He worked as
Associate Professor and Additional Professor at Indian Institute of Public Health Delhi (IIPHD)
under the aegis of Public Health Foundation of India (PHF) from 2013 to 2019. He has
remained PI and Co-PI several research projects. Currently he is working as a Professor &
Director at Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied Sciences (AIBAS) at Amity University
Haryana. He is also working as a Consultant under AADARSH project AADARSH funded by
BMGF and supported by MoHFW, GoI and Eight state governments to strengthen the capacity
of Indian Health Systems to develop training capabilities of District Hospitals to train In-
service medical doctors across states.
Rajesh has over two dozen research publications in the area of Public Health and Health
Psychology in peer reviewed, indexed national and international journals. He has completed
more than nine research projects at national level.
Areas of Interests: Thematic areas – Mental Health, Reproductive Health, STIs and
HIV/AIDS, TB, Children & Adolescent Health, HRH, SBCC, Psychological Counselling,
Disaster Management and Public Health. Programmatic areas - Program Management,
Training & Capacity building, Monitoring & Evaluation etc.

Dr. INDU BALA

Assistant Professor, AIBAS, AUH
E-mail: ibala@ggn.amity.edu

Dr. Indu Bala is working as Assistant Professor in Amity Institute of Behavioural & Allied
Science, Amity University, Haryana on 14th March 2022. She has an experience of around 5
years in teaching. She has served as assistant professor in psychology in Kishan Lal Public
College, Rewari around 3.5 years.
She has been pursuing research in the areas of cognitive psychology, experimental psychology,
and other relevant issues. She is supervising 40 students UG/PG level dissertations, master’s
research projects and 2 students are pursuing their Ph.D. under her guidance.
She has published 2 papers in peer reviewed journals and presented 5 papers in
national/international conferences. She has done her Ph.D. in Psychology in 2016 From
Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak.

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Ms. Varuni Sethi is enrolled as a PhD Scholar at Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied
Sciences, Amity University Haryana (batch of 2021-2024). She is pursuing her PhD in
Psychology. She is also registered with the Rehabilitation Council of India as a Rehabilitation
Counsellor. She completed her undergraduation in psychology from Lady Shri Ram College
for Women, University of Delhi; post-graduation in psychology from Faculty of Arts, North
Campus, University of Delhi and Advanced Diploma in Child Guidance and Counselling from
National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development (NIPCCD). She has
previously worked as Project Assistant (Counsellor) at the Adolescent Guidance Service Centre
(AGSC) at NIPCCD, under the Ministry of Women and Child Development. She has
experience in carrying out diagnostic assessment processes and subsequent parental guidance
and counselling, as well as interventions with adolescents.

Ms. Ankita Dalal is enrolled as a PhD Scholar at Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied
Sciences, Amity University Haryana (batch of 2022-2025). She is pursuing her PhD in
Psychology. She completed her undergraduation in applied psychology from Sri Aurobindo
College, University of Delhi and post-graduation in clinical psychology from Amity Institute
of Behavioural and Allied Sciences, Amity University Haryana. She gained field experience
through internships at multiple institutes such as California Hypnosis Institute, Sohna; Wings
Learning Center, Noida; Citizen Hospital, Gurugram and Earth Saviour Foundation, Faridabad.
She has a genuine passion for making a difference in people’s life through her work.

Mr. Yogesh Chand has been working at Amity Institute of Behavioural and Allied Sciences
(AIBAS), Amity University Haryana for the last 10+ years as Data Entry Operator (DEO). He
has completed his graduation from Pondicherry University, Pondicherry. He has more than 10
years of work experience at Amity University and has been responsible for the management of
several administrative and other activities at AIBAS.

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