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  • Patho-Chn Final

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    PRINCESS OGOY
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    Modifiable risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol, and poor eating habits can lead to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, causing plaque to form in the arteries known as atherosclerosis. This reduces blood flow, increasing blood pressure and forcing the heart to work harder, enlarging its size in a process called hypertrophy. Over time, the heart becomes less able to efficiently pump blood, leading to fluid buildup and edema in the lungs and body, making the individual more susceptible to infections and ultimately causing congestive heart failure.

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    Maternal

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    patho-chn final

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    Modifiable risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol, and poor eating habits can lead to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, causing plaque to form in the arteries known as atherosclerosis. This reduces blood flow, increasing blood pressure and forcing the heart to work harder, enlarging its size in a process called hypertrophy. Over time, the heart becomes less able to efficiently pump blood, leading to fluid buildup and edema in the lungs and body, making the individual more susceptible to infections and ultimately causing congestive heart failure.

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    7 views1 page

    Patho-Chn Final

    Uploaded by

    PRINCESS OGOY
    Modifiable risk factors like smoking, high cholesterol, and poor eating habits can lead to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, causing plaque to form in the arteries known as atherosclerosis. This reduces blood flow, increasing blood pressure and forcing the heart to work harder, enlarging its size in a process called hypertrophy. Over time, the heart becomes less able to efficiently pump blood, leading to fluid buildup and edema in the lungs and body, making the individual more susceptible to infections and ultimately causing congestive heart failure.

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    of 1

    Modifiable risk

    factors: Non-modifiable risk


    factors:
     Smoking
     High Endothelial dysfunction  Age
    cholesterol  Sex
     Eating habits  heredity
    Inflammation

    Plaque formation

    Atherosclerosis

    Reduced blood flow

    Increased blood pressure

    Heart compensate by pumping harder

    Increase workload triggers response known as hypertrophy

    Enlargement of the heart

    Inability of the heart to pump blood Hypertrophy and dilatation Compensatory mechanism (activate
    efficiently
    RAAS)

    Impaired contractility
    Inadequate blood circulation
    (especially in the lungs) Fluid overload

    Reduced cardiac output


    Weakened immune response
    Pulmonary and peripheral edema

    More susceptible to respiratory


    infections like pneumonia
    Weakening of the heart

    Clinical manifestations: Congestive heart failure


     Fatigue and weakness Heart’s ability to pump decline
     Dyspnea

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