Complex Engineering Problem

IC ENGINES

Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes for Suspension System

of Car

Group Members:
Shaheer Azmat Shah F18602031
Muhammad Salar Abbas F18602002

National University of Technology

Islamabad
Table of Contents
.................................................................................................................................................................1
1. Abstract..............................................................................................................................................3
2. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................4
3. Problem Statement............................................................................................................................5
3.1. Selected Problem........................................................................................................................5
4. System Parameters............................................................................................................................6
5. Mathematical Calculations...............................................................................................................6
6. Design Methodology..........................................................................................................................6
7. Comparisons of Results.....................................................................................................................8
8. Results and Discussion......................................................................................................................8
9. Conclusion..........................................................................................................................................9
10. Future Recommendations...........................................................................................................10
1. Abstract
Venturi is a tube that is tapered. Air passes through the narrow section called throat. According
to continuity equation when air passes through the narrower part its speed increases. If you
reduce this area, even more, the velocity of the air increases. As a result, it proportionately
increases the suction of fuel for proper air fuel mixture fed to the engine. In this cep we will
analyze the effects of fluid flow through venturi and run its simulation.
2. Introduction
Venturi is a tube or passage that decreases considerably. It is narrower at the center and through
which the air must pass. As the same amount of air must pass through this tube, its velocity or
speed is greatest at the narrowest point of the tube. If you reduce this area, even more, the
velocity of the air increases. As a result, it proportionately increases the suction of fuel.

The opening of the fuel discharge jet is typically located where the suction is greatest. It is,
generally, just below the narrowest section of the venturi tube. The vaporized gasoline sprayed
thru’ the fuel jet mixes with the air entering through the venturi tube in the mixing chamber
located below the discharge jet. This produces a combustible mixture that passes thru’ the inlet
manifold into the engine cylinders.

There are many types of carburetor venturies depending upon their application. The carburettor
designs vary according to the type and the number of venturies they employ. Besides, each of
these designs provides decreased pressure which draws more fuel from the discharge jet. This
creates a vacuum or negative pressure which helps in vaporization. Multiple carburettor
venturies help in keeping the fuel away from the carburettor walls which reduces condensation.

In this model, we will try to simulate the venturi effect on the engine using ansys for this purpose
parameters will be changed to analyze different behaviors of venturi during fuel suction at
various speeds.

Figure 1: Venturi
3. Problem Statement
Pressure analysis of venturi. Assuming the bore to be 10 cm, volumetric efficiency of 75%, the
density of air to be 1.15 and coefficient of air flow to be 0.75. A four-cylinder, four-stroke square
engine running at 40 rev/s has a venturi with a 3 cm throat. Evaluate the suction at the throat.

3.1. Selected Problem

For the given problem statement, we select the following venturi as shown in following figure.

Figure 2: Venturi Effect in Carburetor

This system is a simplified venturi model of an automobile engine with engine RPM 40 rev/s the
venturi throat is 3 cm and bore is 10 cm with engine volumetric efficiency 75%. Taking
coefficient of air flow to be 0.75.

Following steps were required to solve this particular CEP problem.

4. System Parameters
Following are the parameters that we consider for our problem [1].

Serial No. Parameter Symbol Specification Value

1 N Engine RPM 40 rev/s

2 Bore 10 cm

3 Throat 3 cm

4 ηV Volumetric Efficiency 75%

5 CV Coefficient of air flow 0.75

Table 1: Parameters
5. Mathematical Calculations
First determine the swept volume.

π 2 π 2 3
Vs= D × L= × 10 × 10× 10E-6 × 4=0.00314 m
4 4

Next determine the volume sucked per second

Sucked 40 3
Volume =n× Vs ×ηv=0.75× 0.00314 × =0.047 m /s
s 2

Now calculate the mass flow rate

m ̇ a=0.047 ×1.15=0.05 kg /s

Since the initial temperature and pressure is not given, assume air is incompressible,

ṁ a=C d A2 √ 2 ρ a Δ ρa

The air suction is as below

2 2
ṁa 1 0.054 1 2
Δ ρa=( ) × =( )× =4510 N /m
C d A2 2 ρa π 2 2 ×1.15
0.75 × ×(0.03)
4

6. Design Methodology
To design the carburetor venturi we need to simulate the air flow through the venturi for this
purpose we will use ansys, the steps followed are as following

 Sketch the design: According to the dimensions provided design the venturi for the
carburetor.
 Make a 3D Model: Next step is to transform the sketch into a 3d model.
 Meshing: In next step we mesh our venturi and define the boundary conditions.
 Setup: Then we provide the conditions prior to running the calculations.
 Comparisons of Results: At last we compared analytical and simulation results and find
reasons of errors if there any.
7. Comparisons of Results
Following table shows the comparison of results between analytical and MATLAB results.

Figure 3: Venturi 3D Model

Figure 4: Venturi Dimensions

 Figure 5: Venturi Meshing

Figure 6: Venturi Meshing Details

Figure 7: Venturi Outlet in red

Figure 8: Model Selection

Figure 9: Pressure Contour

Figure 10: Pressure Contour Details
 Figure 11: Velocity Contour

8. Results and Discussion

The analysis of the car carburetor venturi shows that the air suction at the throat is about 4510
N/m2 which is about 0.654 psi as per calculation whereas the maximum and minimum pressures
are shown in the contour. The throat is a low pressure region there the speed of air flow is higher
and so it will suck fuel. Higher the speed of air flow greater will be the suction.

9. Conclusion
In this project, we modeled a car carburetor venturi that is showing the air flow through the
venturi sucking the fuel from the fuel tank. The carburetor venturi has fuel line at the throat
portion from where it passes to the low pressure region of the throat in venturi.

Through the ansys we analyzed the system at inlet speeds of the air how the pressure changes
within the throat and it turned out that higher the air velocity lower will be the pressure and more
fuel will be pumped from the fuel tank.
The results obtained provide valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of the carburetor
venturi. By varying the parameters, such as car speed the air flow increases and suction of fuel
increases providing more fuel to the combustion chamber thus more combustion takes place as
car approaches higher speeds.

10. Future Recommendations

To further enhance the modeling and analysis of the carburetor venturi, the following
recommendations can be considered:

 Parameter Optimization: The velocity and the pressures can be observed carefully in the
specific regions of the venturi by varying the inlet velocity of air. Similarly, venturi could be
redesigned to observe the effects of suction through fuel line. Vane type, single, double,
triple or nozzle bar venturi can be used to observe the effects.
 Experimental Validation: Perform experimental testing to validate the model's accuracy
and further refine the modeling approach.

These future recommendations aim to enhance the performance, efficiency, and comfort of car
fuel injecting systems, keeping up with advancements in technology and addressing emerging
challenges in the automotive industry.