Combinational Circuits

Combinational circuits consist of input variables,

logic gates and output variables. The values of the
output variables depend on the present values of
input variables.
 Combinational Circuits
Half Adder:
Half adder is a combinational logic circuit with two inputs and two
outputs. The half adder circuit is designed to add two single bit
binary number A and B. It is the basic building block for addition
of two single bit numbers. This circuit has two outputs carry and
sum. Truth Table
A B S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
 Combinational Circuits
Boolean expression for half adder:
S = A’.B + A.B’
C = A.B
 Combinational Circuits
Half Subtractor:
Half subtractor is a combination circuit with two inputs and two
outputs (difference and borrow). It produces the difference
between the two binary bits at the input and also produces an
output (Borrow) to indicate if a 1 has been borrowed.
Truth Table
A B D V
D= A’.B + A.B’ 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
V = A’.B
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
 Combinational Circuits
Half Subtractor:
 Combinational Circuits
Full Adder:
Full adder is developed to overcome the drawback of Half Adder circuit. It can
add two one-bit numbers A and B, and carry c. The full adder is a three input
and two output combinational circuit.
Truth Table

S = A’.B’.Cin + A’.B.Cin’ + A.B’.Cin’ + A.B.Cin

Cout = A’.B.Cin + A.B’.Cin + A.B.Cin’ + A.B.Cin
 Combinational Circuits
Full Adder: Karnaugh Maps to minimize S and Cout.

BCin 00 BCin
01 11 10 00 01 11 10
A A
0 1 1 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1

S Cout
Minimization is not possible here. Cout= B.Cin + A.Cin + A.B
 Combinational Circuits
Full Subtractor:
The full subtractor is a combinational circuit with three inputs A,B,Bin and two outputs D and Bout.
A is the 'minuend', B is 'subtrahend', Bin is the 'borrow' produced by the previous stage, D is the
difference output and Bout is the borrow output.
A B Bin D Bout
0 0 0 0 0
D = A’.B’.Bin + A’.B.Bin’ + A.B’.Bin’ + A.B.Bin
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
Bout = A’.B’.Bin + A’.B.Bin’ + A’.B.Bin + A.B.Bin
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
 Combinational Circuits
Full Subtractor: Karnaugh Map
BBin 00 BBin
01 11 10 00 01 11 10
A A

0 1 1 0 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1
D Bout

Minimization is not possible here. Bout= B.Bin + A’.Bin + A’.B

 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display
device for displaying decimal numerals that is an
alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.
Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks,
electronic meters, basic calculators, and other electronic
devices that display numerical information.
 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
Using bulbs we can display all the digits of the
decimal system (from 0 to 9). O1

O2 O6

O7

O3 O5

O4
 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
There are four inputs and seven outputs.
I1 I2 I3 I4 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7 I1 I2 I3 I4 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ Φ
 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
I3I4
00 01 11 10
I1I2
00 1 1 1

01 1 1 1

11 Φ Φ Φ Φ

10 1 1 Φ Φ

O1= I1 + I3 + I2I4 + I1’I2’I4’

 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
I3I4
00 01 11 10
I1I2
00 1 1

01 1 1 1

11 Φ Φ Φ Φ

10 1 1 Φ Φ

O2= I3’ + I2I4’

 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
I3I4
00 01 11 10
I1I2
00 1 1 1

01 1

11 Φ Φ Φ Φ

10 1 Φ Φ

O3= I3I4’ + I1’I2’I3’+ I1I4’

 Combinational Circuits
Seven Segment Display:
I3I4
00 01 11 10
I1I2
00 1 1 1

01 1 1

11 Φ Φ Φ Φ

10 1 1 Φ Φ

O4= I1 + I3I4’ + I2’I4’ + I2I3’I4 + I2’I3

Combinational Circuits

O4= I1 + I3I4’ + I2’I4’ + I2I3’I4 + I2’I3

 Combinational Circuits
To display the message E(error) we have to make
correction in all rows after 1001
I1 I2 I3 I4 O1 O2 O3 O4 O5 O6 O7
1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
 Combinational Circuits
Decoder:
Decoder is a combinational circuit which decodes combination of input
signals.
Decoder is a combinational circuit that has ‘n’ input lines and maximum of
2n output lines.
One of these outputs will be active High based on the combination of
inputs present, when the decoder is enabled.
That means decoder detects a particular code. The outputs of the
decoder are nothing but the min terms of ‘n’ input variables (lines), when
it is enabled.
 Combinational Circuits
There may be 2 to 4 decoder, 3
to 8 decoder, 4 to 16 decoder.
3 to 8 decoder: 3 input lines
and 8 output lines.
Out of 8 output lines only one
is high(active) at a time.
 Combinational Circuits
x y z D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D0= x’y’z’
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D1= x’y’z
0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 D2= x’yz’
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 D3= x’yz
0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
D4= xy’z’
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
D5= xy’z
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 D6= xyz’
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 D7= xyz