Disaster and Disaster Risk 3.

Age
Disaster- is defined as “a sudden, calamitous event,
bringing great damage, loss, destruction and
devastation to life and property.
Disaster Risk- is defined as “the probability that a
community’s structure or geographic area is to
damaged or disrupted by the impact of a particular
hazard, on account of its nature, construction, and
proximity to hazardous area.
Disaster are two types
- Natural
- Human made
-adults who are range 40-6- are likely to be more
distressed after disaster.
4. Developing Countries
- there is a strong body of evidence that these risk
factors can be made worse if the disaster occurs in
the developing countries.
5. Low or Negative social support
- the support of others can be both risk and
resilience factor. Social support can weaken after
the disaster. This may be due to stress and the need
for members of the support network to get on with
their lives.

Natural Disaster- These originate the different Effects of Disaster on Human life
“forces” of nature (geographical, meteorological, 1. Displaced Population
and biological. -when countries are ravaged by earthquake or other
-Storm surge powerful forces, many people have to abandon their
- El Nino homes and seek shelter in other regions.
-Drought
-Earthquake 2. Health Risk
-Hurricane and Tropical storms - severe flooding can result in stagnant water that
- Landslide allows breeding of waterborne bacteria and malaria
-Thunderstorm carrying mosquitoes (Aedes egypti).
- Tornado
-Tsunamis 3. Food scarcity
-La Nina - thousand of people around the world go hungry as
a result of destroyed crops and loss of agricultural
Human-Made Disaster- These disaster occur due supplies, whether it happens suddenly in a storm or
to people’s action against human. gradually in a drought.
-Hazardous materials
- power service discruption 4. Emotional Aftershocks
-nuclear power plant blast - natural disaster can be particularly traumatic for
- Radiological emergencies young children. Confronted with scenes of
- Chemical threat and biological weapon destruction and death of friends or love ones.
-cyber attacks
- explosion Disaster from Different Perspective
- civil unrest 1. Physical Perspective
-from this view disaster is defined as a phenomenon
Risk Factors Underlying Disaster that can be cause damage to physical elements.
1. Severity Exposure - most visible and quantifiable of a disaster.
-the amount of exposure to the disaster is highly
related to risk of future mental problems. At highest 2. Phychological Perspective
risk are those that go through the disaster - can cause serious mental health consequences for
themselves. the victims. These consequences take the form of
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and a
2. Gender and Family variety of other disorder and symptoms which have
- almost always, women or girls suffer more been less investigated.
negative effects than do men or boys. Disaster
recovery is more stressful when children are present  Emotional effects (Shock, terror, grief, loss of
in the home. pleasure derived from material activities).
 Cognitive Effects (Impaired Concentration,
memory impairment, nightmares, self blame,
disbelief, decreased self-esteem, confusion)

 Physical effects (Fatigue, exhaustion,

insomnia, cardiovascular strain, hyper arousal,
reduced immune system, headaches, startle
response)

 Interpersonal Effects (Social withdrawal,

alienation, impaired work performance,
distrust, feeling abandoned)

3. Socio-Cultural Perspective
- people living at risk know and do about natural
hazards and disaster risks is mediated by a range of
factors including social condition and cultural
settings.

4. Economic Perspective
- a natural disaster can be defined as a natural event
that causes a perturbation to the functioning of the
economic system, with significant negative assets,
production factors, output, employment and
consumption.

5. Political Perspective
- a natural disaster are commonly thought to be less
politically contentious than armed conflicts. A
closer look reveals that politics are deeply wedded
to both impact.

6. Environmental perspective
- disaster are not random and do not occur in
accident. They are the convergence of hazard and
vulnerable conditions.