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 GLOBAL

Essentials of EDITION

Human Anatomy
& Physiology
TWELFTH EDITION

Elaine N. Marieb
Suzanne M. Keller
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NEW! Anatomy & Physiology Coloring Workbook Twelfth

Edition, Global Edition by Elaine N. Marieb and Simone Brito
The perfect companion to Essentials of Human Anatomy &
Physiology, this engaging interactive workbook helps students get
the most out of their study time. The Twelfth Edition includes NEW!
crossword puzzles for every chapter, along with coloring activities,
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explorations of anatomical structures and physiological functions.

NEW! IN FULL COLOR! Essentials of Human Anatomy &

Physiology Laboratory Manual Seventh Edition
by Elaine N. Marieb and Pamela B. Jackson
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 TWELFTH EDITION
GLOBAL EDITION

ESSENTIALS
OF HUMAN ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY

ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D.,

HOLYOKE COMMUNITY COLLEGE

SUZANNE M. KELLER, Ph.D.,

INDIAN HILLS COMMUNITY COLLEGE

330 Hudson Street, NY NY 10013

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About the Authors
Elaine Marieb After receiving her Ph.D. in
zoology from the University of Massachusetts at
Amherst, Elaine N. Marieb joined the faculty of the
Biological Science Division of Holyoke Community
College. While teaching at Holyoke Community
College, where many of her students were pursu-
ing nursing degrees, she developed a desire to bet-
ter understand the relationship between the
scientific study of the human body and the clinical
aspects of the nursing practice. To that end, while
continuing to teach full time, Dr. Marieb pursued
her nursing education, which culminated in a
­Master of Science degree with a clinical specializa-
tion in gerontology from the University of Massa-
chusetts. It is this experience that has informed the
development of the unique perspective and acces-
sibility for which her publications are known.
Dr. Marieb has given generously to provide oppor-
tunities for students to further their education. She
funds the E. N. Marieb Science Research Awards at
Mount Holyoke College, which promotes research by
undergraduate science majors, and has underwritten
renovation of the biology labs in Clapp Laboratory at
that college. Dr. Marieb also contributes to the Univer-
sity of Massachusetts at Amherst, where she gener-
ously provided funding for reconstruction and
instrumentation of a cutting-edge cytology research
laboratory. Recognizing the severe national shortage
of nursing faculty, she underwrites the Nursing Schol-
ars of the Future Grant Program at the university. In
January 2012, Florida Gulf Coast University named a
new health professions facility in her honor. The Dr.
Elaine Nicpon Marieb Hall houses several ­specialized
laboratories for the School of Nursing, made possible
by Dr. Marieb’s generous support.
Suzanne Keller Suzanne M. Keller began
her teaching career while she was still in graduate
school at the University of Texas Health Science
Center in San Antonio, Texas. Inspired by her life-
long passion for learning, Dr. Keller quickly
adopted a teaching style focused on translating
challenging concepts into easily understood parts
using analogies and stories from her own experi-
ences. An Iowa native, Dr. Keller uses her expertise
to teach microbiology and anatomy and physiol-
ogy at Indian Hills Community College, where
most of her students are studying nursing or other
health science ­programs.
Dr. Keller values education as a way for students
to express their values through the careers they
pursue. She supports those endeavors both in and
out of the classroom by participating in her local
Lions Club, by donating money to the Indian Hills
Foundation to fund scholarships, and by financially
supporting service-learning trips for students. Dr.
Keller also enjoys sponsoring children in need with
gifts for the holidays.
Dr. Keller is a member of the Human Anatomy
and Physiology Society (HAPS) and the Iowa Acad-
emy of Science. Additionally, while engaged as an
author, Dr. Keller has served on multiple advisory
boards for various projects at Pearson and has
authored assignments for the Pearson Mastering
A&P online program. When not teaching or writ-
ing, Dr. Keller enjoys reading, trav­eling, family
gatherings, and relaxing at home under the watch-
ful eyes of her two canine children.
11
New to the Twelfth Edition
This edition has been thoroughly updated. New “What, How, Why” art opens each chapter, highlighting key
concepts relating to the chapter topic. Other specific chapter-by-chapter changes include the following:
Chapter 1: The Human Body: An Orientation
• Updated description of the integumentary system to include
vitamin D production in the presence of sunlight.
• Updated definition of the term crural to specify the anterior leg,
or shin.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on blood
clotting and feedback regulation.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on using
anatomical language to describe the location of a spinal injury and
identifying the best medical imaging technique to diagnose a
spinal problem.
• Updated “A Closer Look: Medical Imaging” with new discussion
and images of mammogram and bone densitometry.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
• New example of atomic symbol and Latin derivative for potassium.
• Revised discussion of hydrogen bonds to clarify that electrons are
not involved in this type of bond as they are in covalent and ionic
bonds.
• New example of importance of hydrogen bond in holding DNA
strands together.
• All references to hydroxyl ion have been corrected to hydroxide ion.
• New sports analogies for acids and bases: putting electrons “in the
game,” to represent free protons versus taking electrons “out of the
game,” to represent binding a proton so it cannot contribute to a
shift in pH.
• New “Did You Get It?” question part on the difference in pH
between solutions at pH 11 and pH 5.
• Introduced concepts of hydrophilic and hydrophobic in discussion
of phospholipids to help explain the functions of the polar head
and fatty acid tails in cell membranes.
• Updated “Did You Get It?” question on lipids to include both
phospholipids and cholesterol as cell membrane components.
• New analogy comparing the alpha (α)-helix to a metal spring.
• New analogy comparing a beta (β)-sheet to a pleated skirt, or
paper folded into a fan.
• New analogy comparing enzymes and substrates to scissors and
paper, respectively.
• New description of RNA function as DNA’s “molecular assistant.”
• New shorthand symbols for messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA)
and ribosomal (rRNA) added.
• New analogy comparing glucose and ATP to crude oil and gasoline;
energy must be in the proper form before it can be used by cells.
• New explanation of why the terminal phosphate bonds in ATP are
high energy.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on sickle
cell anemia.
Chapter 3: Cells and Tissues
• New description of the principle of complementarity.
• New information about how mitochondria divide.
• New “cargo” in the form of a membrane-bound receptor protein
added to pathway 2 of Figure 3.6.
• New analogy for lysosomes as “cellular stomachs.”
• New art of plasma membrane and new detail of mitochondrial
function including aerobic respiration in Table 3.1.
• New analogy of dust “crowd surfing” on the mucus that cilia carry
from the lungs.
• New description of neuron function includes production of
neurotransmitters.
12
• New colors used in Figure 3.14 DNA images to help students track
new and old strands of DNA.
• New description of each chromosome being composed of two
sister chromatids.
• New explanation of protein synthesis includes the role of the large
ribosomal subunit in peptide bond formation.
• New Figure 3.18 descriptions of nuclei lining up in simple
columnar and not lining up in pseudostratified epithelia.
• New description of cell shapes in different layers of stratified
epithelia as “squished” and variable.
• New analogy for mucus produced by goblet cells as a “sticky trap”
for dust and debris.
• New Figure 3.19 labels for osteocytes, the elastic and collagen
fibers in areolar connective tissue, and the fluid matrix of blood;
new art for dense fibrous connective tissue.
• New analogy for reticular tissue as “cellular bleachers” where other
cells rest to monitor the body.
• Updated Figure 3.21 to include the term neuroglia to describe
supporting cells.
• New information added to Figure 3.22: cartilage added to the
connective tissue list and two major hallmarks of each of the four
tissue types.
• New example of atrophy: when a broken leg is in a cast, lack of
use causes muscles to atrophy during healing.
• Revised “A Closer Look: Cancer—An Intimate Enemy” and updated art.
• New “Short Answer Essay” questions on the components of the
plasma membrane and their functions and on contrasting
cytokinesis, interphase, and mitosis.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on IV
fluids and tonicity.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 4: Skin and Body Membranes
• New Figure 4.1 on epithelial membranes.
• New description of sensory receptors as part of nervous system
including a list of the stimuli detected.
• New text updates on Figure 4.4 on epidermal structure; included a
new figure question on stratum lucidum.
• New analogy for epidermal dendritic cells as “sentries” guarding
the skin.
• New photo of stage 2 decubitus ulcer added to Homeostatic
Imbalance 4.2.
• New layout for Figure 4.7 combining scanning electron micrograph
of hair shaft with existing art of the hair root and follicle.
• New discussion of fourth-degree burns.
• New criteria for determining whether a burn is critical, including
circumferential burns, burns of the airway, and burns to the genital
area.
• New images of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma in
Figure 4.11.
• New component added to ABCDE rule: now includes “Evolution,”
changes in a skin lesion over time.
• New “Short Answer Essay” questions on the risks of full-thickness
burns, contrasting eccrine and apocrine sweat glands, and the
relative severity of different skin infections.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on burns.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System
• Updated description of long bones.
• New analogy comparing lubrication over articular cartilage at
joints to a slick marble floor.

• Updated descriptions of red and yellow bone marrow.
• Updated descriptions of sagittal and coronal sutures.
• Updated description of the capitulum of the humerus.
• New analogy comparing the trochlea meeting the trochlear notch
to a curved “tongue-in-groove” joint.
• Updated description of buttock injections to include the
consequences of hitting a nerve.
• Updated description of a synovial membrane to include areolar
connective tissue.
• Updated description of cartilaginous joints.
• New description of saddle joints including a reference to
opposable thumbs.
• Updated list of triggers for rheumatoid arthritis.
• Discussion of the fetal skull and fontanels moved to the
Developmental Aspects section.
• New analogy likening skulls of small children to “bobble heads.”
• Updated review question on bones that articulate with the
sphenoid to reflect only bones shown in the figures of Chapter 5.
• Updated “Short Answer Essay” question on synovial joints to
include osteoarthritis.
• New “Short Answer Essay” question contrasting the foramen
magnum and obturator foramen.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question on gouty
arthritis.
• New statistics, information, and images added to “A Closer Look:
Joint Ventures.”
• Updated description of comminuted fractures on Table 5.2.
• Updated Figure 5.6 to include osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the
descriptions of bone addition and resorption, respectively.
• Updated Systems In Sync with respect to the descriptions of
relationships of cardiovascular and muscular systems to the
skeletal system.
Chapter 6: The Muscular System
• Updated descriptions of tendons and aponeuroses.
• New analogy about running to explain the difference between the
contraction of skeletal muscle (fast) versus smooth muscle (slow).
• Updated description of a sarcomere to include its role as the
structural and functional unit of muscle.
• Added discussion of titin to the description of a sarcomere as the
elastic filament that attaches myosin to the Z disc.
• New Homeostatic Imbalance on ALS (amyotropic lateral sclerosis,
or Lou Gehrig’s disease).
• New “Did You Get It?” question on the roles of calcium in muscle
contraction.
• Updated descriptions of cross-bridge formation and the sliding
filament theory, including the role of ATP.
• New link to IP Essentials for the sliding filament theory.
• New description of flaccid versus spastic paralysis.
• New mnemonic device for adduction: “add” back to the body by
moving toward the trunk (midline).
• New descriptions of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion with respect
to the head: toes point toward the head or away, respectively.
• New girdle analogy for abdominal wall muscles “holding guts in.”
• New description of the consequences of an injection being too
close to, or hitting, the sciatic nerve.
• New description of tailor’s muscle sitting position.
• New description of myasthenia gravis as an autoimmune disease.
• New “Short Answer Essay” question about the relationship
between wrist flexors and extensors, including their locations.
• New figure question for Figure 6.20 on the origin(s) and
insertion(s) of the rectus femoris depending on the action being
performed.
• Updated explanation of steps in Figure 6.5.
Chapter 7: The Nervous System
• Updated Figure 7.13 to use superior and inferior instead of
cephalad and caudal.
• Updated Figure 7.24 to clarify why there are eight cervical nerves
but only seven cervical vertebrae.
• New Learning Outcome on the structures and functions of neurons
and neuroglia.
New to the Twelfth Edition 13
• Updated description of Nissl body function.
• New description clarifying the difference between a synapse and
synaptic cleft.
• New analogy for a myelin sheath as the wrapping on an electrical
cord.
• New explanation clarifying the differences between myelin sheaths
in the CNS and PNS.
• New explanation clarifying the “short circuit” event in multiple
sclerosis means that the signal may stop or “jump” to an
unmyelinated neuron.
• New analogy for the structure of a unipolar cell body as a “cul-de-
sac” off the “main road” that is the axon.
• Replaced references to the term basal ganglia with the more
accurate term basal nuclei.
• Replaced the term arachnoid villi with arachnoid granulations.
• New statistics on stroke as the fifth leading cause of death in the
United States (formerly identified as the third leading cause).
• New statistics regarding the rate of survival after a stroke.
• Replaced the phrase “mentally retarded” in the discussion of
cerebral palsy with “intellectually disabled.”
• New information included in “A Closer Look: The ‘Terrible Three’”
reflecting the role of calcium in apoptosis, two new drugs for
treatment of Parkinson’s disease, and the variation in dopamine
levels in patients with Huntington’s disease.
• New information incorporated in “A Closer Look: Tracking Down
CNS Problems” to include a new dopamine imaging technique
called DaTscan.
Chapter 8: Special Senses
• New description of lacrimal caruncle.
• New description of optic disc and the resulting blind spot.
• New analogy comparing the ability to see intermediate colors
(between the red, green, and blue cones) to mixing paint.
• Updated the description of cataracts.
• New example of motion detected by dynamic equilibrium: a
spinning carnival ride.
• New analogy for bending of the cupula as divers’ fins in water.
• New description of foliate papillae on the side of the tongue,
another location for taste buds.
• New art showing the retina in Figure 8.5.
• New Figure 8.6 showing the graph of rods and cones, and which
wavelengths of light are detected by each.
• Updated Figure 8.12b on maculae.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 9: The Endocrine System
• Updated discussion of the mechanism of hormone action,
including Figure 9.1 and its caption, to reflect that steroid
hormones can act via either second messenger or direct gene
activation.
• Updated explanation of how hormones alter cell activity.
• New analogy comparing second-messenger systems to delivering a
letter.
• Revised coverage of endocrine glands to reflect their location in
body from superior to inferior; Table 9.1 has also been revised to
reflect the new order.
• Updated description explaining why a goiter forms in the absence
of iodine.
• Updated description of body proportions in cretinism.
• New “Did You Get It?” question on adrenal cortex hormones.
Chapter 10: Blood
• Updated explanation of why the normal temperature of blood is a
bit higher than body temperature.
• Added definitions for the suffixes -cytosis and -penia.
• Updated the analogy comparing the shape of the eosinophil
nucleus to earmuffs.
• Updated the role of monocytes to include activation of
lymphocytes.
• Updated the list of locations where red marrow is found in adults.
• Updated the major anticoagulants to include warfarin.
• New description of petechiae includes comparison to a skin rash.
14 New to the Twelfth Edition
• Added a learning tool about blood type reminding readers that a
person does not make antibodies against their own blood type
antigen(s).
• Updated discussion of lack of vitamin B12 as the cause of
pernicious anemia and how this relates to intrinsic factor.
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System
• Updated description of pericardium.
• Revised discussion of the function of the atria to clarify that they
assist with ventricular filling.
• Arteries and veins are now introduced in terms of the direction of
blood flow with respect to the heart.
• New analogy comparing valve cusps filling with blood to a
parachute filling with air.
• New analogy comparing the intrinsic conduction system setting
heart rhythm to a drummer setting the beat for a rock band
playing a song.
• New discussion of AEDs (automatic external defibrillators)
included in the discussion of fibrillation.
• Reorganized section on the cardiac cycle to include five stages.
• New “Did You Get It?” question about isovolumetric contraction.
• Updated description of the effect of congestive heart failure on
stroke volume.
• Updated description of pulmonary congestion.
• Updated description of pulmonary embolism.
• Discussion of fetal circulation moved to the Developmental
Aspects section.
• Updated description of the blood pressure gradient to include a
pressure of zero in the right atrium.
• New layout of Figure 11.8 reflecting five stages of the cardiac cycle.
• Updated Figure 11.9 description to clarify that any change in heart
rate or stroke volume will also cause a change in cardiac output.
• Updated description of Figures 11.13 and 11.14 to include a
statement that all vessels are bilateral unless otherwise stated in
the text.
• Updated “A Closer Look” box on atherosclerosis.
Chapter 12: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
• Updated Figure 12.10 on lysis by complement to reflect water
flowing into the cell to cause lysis.
• Added the role of B cells in antigen presentation to Figure 12.19.
• New information added regarding discovery of lymphatics in the
central nervous system.
• Updated the description of adaptive defenses as defenses that fight
antigens that get past the innate defenses.
• New description of how natural killer cells kill: via perforin and
granzymes.
• Updated the description of positive chemotaxis to include
movement toward the stimulus.
• Revised description of interferon to clarify that interferon fights
only viral pathogens, not bacteria or fungi.
• New antibody function has been listed: opsonization.
• New description of Graves’ disease explaining that excess
production of thyroxine is in response to antibodies that mimic
TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone).
• New descriptions of two additional types of hypersensitivities:
reactions resulting in cell lysis and those forming antigen-antibody
complexes.
• New example of when epinephrine is used during acute
hypersensitivity: EpiPen® injection.
• New Short Answer Essay question provided on mechanisms of
killing used by the immune system, including lysozyme, perforin,
and granzymes, and membrane attack complex (MAC).
• Updated “A Closer Look” box on AIDS, including new title.
• Updated Table 12.1 regarding the role of nasal hairs to include
filtration of airborne particles.
• Updated Table 12.3 entry for “Cytokines: Perforin and granzymes”
to include natural killer (NK) cells.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 13: The Respiratory System
• New information explaining neural regulation of breathing with
respect to the dorsal and ventral respiratory groups of the medulla.
• New Short Answer Essay question contrasting hyperventilation and
hyperpnea.
• Updated “A Closer Look” on cleanliness and asthma.
• New “Did You Get It?” questions throughout the chapter.
Chapter 14: The Digestive System
• New illustration outlining the parietal and visceral layers of the
peritoneum (Figure 14.5).
• New illustrations showing both deciduous and permanent teeth in
greater detail (Figure 14.9).
• Updated description of circular folds to provide students with a
visual image of a corkscrew that slows progression of food and
increases surface area at the same time.
• Added detail that rennin in infants is the same enzyme used to
curdle milk in cheesemaking.
• Added narcotic pain medications to the list of causes of
constipation, with stool softeners as a method of treatment.
• New “Did You Get It?” question on the four types of teeth and
their functions.
• Added brief discussion of nucleic acid digestion, including the
source of the enzymes and the reminder that nucleotides are the
building blocks.
• Revised “A Closer Look” box on obesity to update references,
statistics, and methods used to determine body composition, such
as DEXA, the Bod Pod, and underwater weighing.
Chapter 15: The Urinary System
• Updated descriptions of the arterioles that connect to the
glomerulus.
• Included a new learning tool describing the internal urethral
sphincter as involuntary.
• New “Short Answer Essay” question contrasting the homeostatic
imbalances oliguria, anuria, polyuria, and nocturia.
• New “Critical Thinking and Clinical Application” question about
the relationship between hypertension and impaired kidney
function, and tests that are used for determining impaired kidney
function.
• New information included in “A Closer Look: Renal Failure and the
Artificial Kidney” about a blood test to determine the creatinine
level in order to estimate the rate of glomerular filtration.
• Did You Get It?
Chapter 16: The Reproductive System
• New explanation of the purpose of polar bodies: to reduce the
chromosome number during oogenesis.
• Update of suggested age range for women to begin having regular
mammograms: between 45 and 54.
• New Concept Link on chemotaxis.
• New photomicrograph showing sperm swarming an oocyte in
Figure 16.16.
• New explanation of how an egg blocks additional sperm from
entering; the surface sperm receptors on an oocyte are shed after
the first sperm enters the cell.
• New clarification with updated definitions of miscarriage and
abortion.
Acknowledgments
Many people contributed to our efforts in the cre-
ation of this twelfth edition. We offer our profound
thanks to the following reviewers, whose thought-
ful critiques informed and enhanced our develop-
ment of this edition:
• William Brazelle, University of South Florida
• Sheree Daniel, Trinity Valley Community
College
• Trevor Day, Mount Royal University
• Camille Di Scala, Chandler-Gilbert Community
College
• Pamela Boyter Jackson, Piedmont Technical
College
• Roop Jayaraman, Central Michigan University
• Kimberly Kushner, Pueblo Community College
• Frances Mills, Lake Michigan College
• Diane Pelletier, Green River Community
College
• Heidi Peterson, Indian Hills Community
College
• Kenneth Ryan, Alexandria Technical and
Community College
• Holly Sanders, Gwinnett Technical College
• Scott Schaeffer, Harford Community College
• I-Chia Shih, Leeward Community College,
University of Hawaii
• K. Dale Smoak, Piedmont Technical College
• Bill Snyder, Bluegrass Community and
Technical College
• Greg Tefft, Northwest State Community College
• Sandra Uyeshiro, Modesto Junior College
• Khursheed Wankadiya, Central Piedmont
Community College
• Carol T. Wismer, College of Lake County
Thanks are also extended to the reviewers of the
Eleventh Edition: Carmen Carpenter, South Univer-
sity; Steven D. Collins, Niagara College; Janie Cor-
bitt, Central Georgia Technical College–Milledgeville
Campus; Eric D. Forman, Sauk Valley Community
College; Andrew Goliszek, North Carolina A&T State
University; Amy Goode, Illinois Central College;
Jeannette Hafey, Springfield College; Ashley Hagler,
Gaston College; Frances Miles, Lake Michigan
­College–Napier Avenue Campus; Margaret Ott, Tyler
Junior College; Heidi Peterson, Indian Hills Commu-
nity College–Ottumwa Campus; Laura Ritt, Burling-
ton County College; Holly Sanders, Gwinnett
Technical College; Leba Sarkis, Aims Community
College; Gustavo A. Solis, Forsyth Technical Com-
munity College; Ginny Stokes, Nash Community
College; Robert Suddith, Cape Fear Community Col-
lege; John F. Tarpey, City College of San Francisco;
Deborah S. Temperly, Delta College; Claudia Wil-
liams, Campbell University.
The entire group from Pearson and beyond
deserves our heartfelt thanks for being the best
team around! They have provided support, guid-
ance, and humor throughout the writing process,
which made the process fun and was most appre-
ciated. Special thanks to Serina Beauparlant, Edi-
tor-In-Chief, Brooke Suchomel, Sr. Acquisitions
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to the content development team—Suzanne Olivier,
Alice Fugate, and Laura Southworth—for their
attention to detail and collaborative minds. Thank
you Patrice Fabel, Ziki Dekel, and Lauren Hill for
supervising an impressive variety of media content
that will benefit both students and instructors. A
special thank-you to Gary Hespenheide for the
book’s beautiful and creative new interior and
cover designs. The work of Kristin Piljay, Photo
Researcher, resulted in some striking new photos
for this edition; and Sally Peyrefitte, our excellent
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skillfully reviewed every page proof, and Sallie
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Our talented art house, Imagineering STA Media
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15
16 Acknowledgments

­ errigo deserve special thanks for their expertise in

P detail—David made the whole process smooth
delivering and presenting the final product to the and successful. And last, but not least, Michele
market. A special thank you goes to David Novak, Mangelli—a tremendous thank-you for your skillful
our Production and Art Coordinator, for taking on oversight of all aspects of the 12th edition, includ-
the role of two people during this edition and flaw- ing assisting a first-time co-author in all things pub-
lessly handling every text and art-related production lishing . . . you’re an unflappable rock star!

Elaine N. Marieb Suzanne M. Keller

Anatomy and Physiology
Pearson Education
1301 Sansome Street
San Francisco, CA 94111

The publishers would like to thank the following for their contribution to the Global Edition:

Contributor
Christiane Van den Branden, Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Reviewers
Hemant Kumar, MBBS
Snezana Kusljic, The University of Melbourne
Eva Strandell, Halmstad University
Contents

1  he Human Body:
T Summary 47
Review Questions  48
An Orientation 27 Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  49
An Overview of Anatomy and A Closer Look Medical Imaging:
Physiology 27 Illuminating the Body 36
Anatomy 27

2
Physiology 28
Relationship between Anatomy Basic
and Physiology 28
Chemistry 50
Levels of Structural Organization 28
From Atoms to Organisms 28 Concepts of Matter and Energy 50
Organ System Overview 29 Matter 50
Integumentary System • Skeletal System • Muscular
Energy 51
System • Nervous System • Endocrine System
Forms of Energy • Energy Form Conversions
• Cardiovascular System • Lymphatic System
• Respiratory System • Digestive System
• Urinary System • Reproductive System
Composition of Matter 52
Elements and Atoms 52
Maintaining Life 33 Atomic Structure 52
Necessary Life Functions 33 The Basic Atomic Subparticles • Planetary and Orbital
Maintaining Boundaries • Movement • Responsiveness Models of an Atom
• Digestion • Metabolism • Excretion • Reproduction Identifying Elements 54
• Growth
Atomic Number • Atomic Mass Number • Atomic
Survival Needs 35 Weight and Isotopes

The Language of Anatomy 38 Molecules and Compounds 57

Anatomical Position 38
Chemical Bonds and Chemical
Directional Terms 38
Reactions 58
Regional Terms 38
Bond Formation 58
Anterior Body Landmarks • Posterior Body Landmarks
Role of Electrons • Types of Chemical Bonds
Body Planes and Sections 41
Patterns of Chemical Reactions 62
Body Cavities 41 Synthesis Reactions • Decomposition Reactions
Dorsal Body Cavity • Ventral Body Cavity • Other • Exchange Reactions • Factors Influencing the Rate
Body Cavities of Chemical Reactions

Homeostasis 45 Biochemistry: The Chemical

Components of Homeostatic Control Composition of Living Matter 64
Systems 45 Inorganic Compounds 65
Feedback Mechanisms 45 Water • Salts • Acids and Bases

17
18 Contents

Chapter 2, continued Classification of Epithelia 115

Simple Epithelia • Stratified Epithelia • Glandular
Organic Compounds 68 Epithelium
Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids
• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Connective Tissue 119
Summary 83 Hallmarks of Connective Tissue 119
Review Questions  85 Extracellular Matrix 120

Critical Thinking and Clinical Types of Connective Tissue 120

Bone • Cartilage • Dense Connective Tissue • Loose
Application Questions  87
Connective Tissue • Blood
Focus on Careers Pharmacy Technician 82
Muscle Tissue 124

3
Skeletal Muscle 124
Cells Cardiac Muscle 124

and Tissues 88 Smooth Muscle 126

Nervous Tissue 126

Part I: Cells 88 Tissue Repair (Wound Healing) 126
Overview of the Cellular Basis
Part III: Developmental
of Life 88
Aspects of Cells and
Anatomy of a Generalized Cell 89 Tissues 128
The Nucleus 89
Summary 130
Nuclear Envelope • Nucleolus • Chromatin
The Plasma Membrane 90 Review Questions  133
The Fluid Mosaic Model • Cell Membrane Junctions Critical Thinking and Clinical
The Cytoplasm 93 Application Questions  134
Cytosol and Inclusions • Organelles
A Closer Look IV Therapy and Cellular
Cell Extensions 97
“Tonics” 105
Cilia and Flagella • Microvilli
A Closer Look Cancer—An Intimate
Cell Diversity 100
Enemy 130
Cell Physiology 102

4
Membrane Transport 102
Passive Processes: Diffusion and Filtration Skin and Body
Membranes 135
• Active Processes
Cell Division 108
Preparations: DNA Replication • Events of Cell Division
Protein Synthesis 111 Classification of Body
Genes: The Blueprint for Protein Structure • The Role Membranes 135
of RNA • The Process of Protein Synthesis
Epithelial Membranes 136
Part II: Body Tissues 114 Cutaneous Membrane • Mucous Membranes
• Serous Membranes
Epithelial Tissue 114 Connective Tissue Membranes 136
Hallmarks of Epithelium 114
 Contents 19

The Integumentary System (Skin) 138 Cervical Vertebrae • Thoracic Vertebrae

• Lumbar Vertebrae • Sacrum • Coccyx
Functions of the Integumentary System 138
Thoracic Cage 182
Structure of the Skin 139
Sternum • Ribs
Epidermis • Dermis
Skin Color 144 Appendicular Skeleton 184
Appendages of the Skin 145 Bones of the Shoulder Girdle 184
Cutaneous Glands • Hair and Hair Follicles • Nails Bones of the Upper Limbs 184
Homeostatic Imbalances of Skin 149 Arm • Forearm • Hand
Infections and Allergies • Burns • Skin Cancer Bones of the Pelvic Girdle 188

Developmental Aspects of Skin and Body Bones of the Lower Limbs 190
Membranes 153 Thigh • Leg • Foot

Summary 156 Joints 192

Review Questions  157 Fibrous Joints 195
Cartilaginous Joints 195
Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  158 Synovial Joints 195

A Closer Look A Wrinkle Out of Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape 196
Time 143
Developmental Aspects of the
Focus on Careers Medical
Skeleton 199
Transcriptionist 154
Birth to Adulthood 199
Systems in Sync 155
Older Adults 201

5
Summary 203
The Skeletal Review Questions  204

System 160 Critical Thinking and Clinical

Application Questions  206
Focus on Careers Radiologic
Bones: An Overview 160 Technologist 169
Functions of the Bones 161
A Closer Look Joint Ventures 192
Classification of Bones 161
Systems in Sync 202
Structure of Bone 163
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone • Microscopic

6
Anatomy
Bone Formation, Growth, and The Muscular
Remodeling 167
Bone Formation and Growth • Bone Remodeling
System 207
Bone Fractures 170
Overview of Muscle Tissues 207
Axial Skeleton 172
Muscle Types 207
Skull 172 Skeletal Muscle • Smooth Muscle • Cardiac Muscle
Cranium • Facial Bones • The Hyoid Bone
Muscle Functions 211
Vertebral Column (Spine) 178 Produce Movement • Maintain Posture and Body
Position • Stabilize Joints • Generate Heat
• Additional Functions
20 Contents

Chapter 6, continued A Closer Look Anabolic Steroids:

Dying to Win? 231
Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal
Systems in Sync 246
Muscle 211

7
Skeletal Muscle Activity 213
Stimulation and Contraction of Single Skeletal The Nervous
Muscle Fibers 213
The Nerve Stimulus and the Action Potential System 251
• Mechanism of Muscle Contraction: The Sliding
Filament Theory
Contraction of a Skeletal Muscle Organization of the Nervous
as a Whole 217 System 252
Graded Responses • Providing Energy for Muscle Structural Classification 253
Contraction • Muscle Fatigue and Oxygen Deficit
Functional Classification 253
• Types of Muscle Contractions—Isotonic and
Isometric • Muscle Tone • Effect of Exercise on
Muscles
Nervous Tissue: Structure and
Function 253
Muscle Movements, Roles, and Supporting Cells 253
Names 222
Neurons 255
Types of Body Movements 222 Anatomy • Classification • Physiology: Nerve Impulses
Special Movements • Physiology: Reflexes
Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
in the Body 226 Central Nervous System 265
Naming Skeletal Muscles 228 Functional Anatomy of the Brain 265
Cerebral Hemispheres • Diencephalon • Brain Stem
Arrangement of Fascicles 228
• Cerebellum

Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Protection of the Central Nervous System 273

Meninges • Cerebrospinal Fluid • The Blood-Brain
Muscles 229
Barrier
Head and Neck Muscles 229 Brain Dysfunctions 277
Facial Muscles • Neck Muscles
Spinal Cord 278
Trunk Muscles 232
Gray Matter of the Spinal Cord and Spinal Roots
Anterior Muscles • Posterior Muscles
• White Matter of the Spinal Cord
Muscles of the Upper Limb 235
Muscles Causing Movement at the Elbow Joint Peripheral Nervous System 281
Muscles of the Lower Limb 235 Structure of a Nerve 281
Muscles Causing Movement at the Hip
Cranial Nerves 283
Joint • Muscles Causing Movement at the
Knee Joint • Muscles Causing Movement Spinal Nerves and Nerve Plexuses 283
at the Ankle and Foot Autonomic Nervous System 290
Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems Compared
Developmental Aspects of the Muscular
• Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Division • Anatomy
System 244 of the Sympathetic Division • Autonomic Functioning
Summary 245
Developmental Aspects of the Nervous
Review Questions  248 System 295
Critical Thinking and Clinical Summary 299
Application Questions  249
 Contents 21

Review Questions  301 Part III: Chemical Senses:

Critical Thinking and Clinical Smell and Taste  324
Application Questions  303
A Closer Look The “Terrible Three” 278 Olfactory Receptors and the Sense
of Smell 324
A Closer Look Tracking Down CNS
Problems 296 Taste Buds and the Sense of Taste 326
Systems in Sync 298
Part IV: Developmental

8
Aspects of the Special
Special Senses  327
Senses 304 Summary 329
Review Questions  331
Part I: THE EYE AND Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  332
VISION 305
A Closer Look Visual Pigments—The Actual
Anatomy of the Eye 305 Photoreceptors 311
External and Accessory Structures 305 A Closer Look Bringing Things into
Internal Structures: The Eyeball 307 Focus 315
Layers Forming the Wall of the Eyeball • Lens Focus on Careers Physical Therapy
Assistant 321
Physiology of Vision 313
Pathway of Light through the Eye and Light

9
Refraction 313
Visual Fields and Visual Pathways The Endocrine
to the Brain 314
Eye Reflexes 316
System 334
Part II: THE EAR: HEARING AND The Endocrine System and Hormone
BALANCE 316 Function—An Overview 335
The Chemistry of Hormones 335
Anatomy of the Ear 317 Hormone Action 335
External (Outer) Ear 317 Direct Gene Activation • Second-Messenger System
Middle Ear 318 Stimuli for Control of Hormone
Release 337
Internal (Inner) Ear 318
Hormonal Stimuli • Humoral Stimuli • Neural Stimuli
Equilibrium 318
The Major Endocrine Organs 338
Static Equilibrium 319
Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus 339
Dynamic Equilibrium 319 Pituitary-Hypothalamus Relationships
Pineal Gland 343
Hearing 322
Thyroid Gland 343
Hearing and Equilibrium Deficits 323 Parathyroid Glands 345
Thymus 346
22 Contents

Chapter 9, continued Developmental Aspects of Blood 378

Adrenal Glands 346 Summary 379
Hormones of the Adrenal Cortex • Hormones of the Review Questions  380
Adrenal Medulla
Pancreatic Islets 349 Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  381
Gonads 353
Hormones of the Ovaries • Hormones of the Testes Focus on Careers Phlebotomy
Technician 376
Other Hormone-Producing Tissues and
Organs 353

Developmental Aspects of the Endocrine

System 357
Summary 359
Review Questions  361
11  he Cardiovascular
T
System 382
The Heart 383
Critical Thinking and Clinical Anatomy of the Heart 383
Application Questions  362 Size, Location, and Orientation • Coverings and Walls
A Closer Look Potential Uses of the Heart
for Growth Hormone 342 Chambers and Associated Great Vessels 384
Systems in Sync 358 Heart Valves 387
Cardiac Circulation

10
Physiology of the Heart 390
Intrinsic Conduction System of the Heart: Setting the

Basic Rhythm • Cardiac Cycle and Heart Sounds

Blood 363 • Cardiac Output

Blood Vessels 396

Composition and Functions Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels 396
of Blood 363 Tunics • Structural Differences in Arteries, Veins, and
Capillaries
Components 364
Gross Anatomy of Blood Vessels 399
Physical Characteristics and Volume 364 Major Arteries of the Systemic Circulation • Major
Plasma 364 Veins of the Systemic Circulation • Special Circulations

Formed Elements 366 Physiology of Circulation 406

Erythrocytes • Leukocytes • Platelets
Hematopoiesis (Blood Cell Formation) 371
Formation of Red Blood Cells • Formation of White
Blood Cells and Platelets
Hemostasis 373
Phases of Hemostasis 373
Disorders of Hemostasis 374
Blood Groups and Transfusions
Arterial Pulse • Blood Pressure • Capillary Exchange of
Gases and Nutrients • Fluid Movements at Capillary Beds
Developmental Aspects of the
Cardiovascular System 415
Summary 418
Review Questions  420
Critical Thinking and Clinical
375 Application Questions  422

Human Blood Groups 375 A Closer Look Electrocardiography:

(Don’t) Be Still My Heart 393
Blood Typing 378
 Contents 23

A Closer Look Atherosclerosis? Summary 457

Get Out the Cardiovascular Drāno! 412 Review Questions  459
Systems in Sync 417 Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  461

12
A Closer Look AIDS: An Ongoing
 he Lymphatic
T Pandemic 454

System and Body Systems in Sync 456

Defenses 424
Part I: The Lymphatic
System 424
13  The Respiratory
System 462
Lymphatic Vessels 425 Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory
System 462
Lymph Nodes 426 The Nose 463

Other Lymphoid Organs 428 The Pharynx 464

The Larynx 465
Part II: BODY DEFENSES 429 The Trachea 466
The Main Bronchi 466
Innate Body Defenses 430
The Lungs 467
Surface Membrane Barriers 430
The Bronchial Tree • Respiratory Zone Structures and
Internal Defenses: Cells and Chemicals 432 the Respiratory Membrane
Natural Killer Cells • Inflammatory Response
• Phagocytes • Antimicrobial Proteins • Fever Respiratory Physiology 471
Mechanics of Breathing 471
Adaptive Body Defenses 436 Inspiration • Expiration
Antigens 438 Respiratory Volumes and Capacities 474
Cells of the Adaptive Defense System: An Nonrespiratory Air Movements 475
Overview 438
Respiratory Sounds 475
Lymphocytes • Antigen-Presenting Cells
Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune External Respiration, Gas Transport, and
Response 441 Internal Respiration 475
Active and Passive Humoral Immunity • Antibodies External Respiration • Gas Transport in the Blood
• Internal Respiration
Cellular (Cell-Mediated) Immune Response 446
Control of Respiration 478
Organ Transplants and Rejection 448 Neural Regulation: Setting the Basic Rhythm
Disorders of Immunity 451 • Nonneural Factors Influencing Respiratory
Rate and Depth
Part III: DEVELOPMENTAL Respiratory Disorders 480
ASPECTS OF THE LYMPHATIC
SYSTEM AND BODY Developmental Aspects of the
DEFENSES 455 Respiratory System 483
Summary 485
24 Contents

Chapter 13, continued Part II: Nutrition and

Review Questions  487 Metabolism 513
Critical Thinking and Clinical Nutrition 513
Application Questions  488
Dietary Recommendations 513
A Closer Look Too Clean for
Dietary Sources of the Major Nutrients 514
Our Own Good? 482
Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Vitamins
Systems in Sync 484 • Minerals

Metabolism 516

14  The Digestive Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Metabolism

in Body Cells 516
System and Body Carbohydrate Metabolism • Fat Metabolism • Protein
Metabolism
Metabolism 489 The Central Role of the Liver
in Metabolism 520
General Metabolic Functions • Cholesterol Metabolism
Part I: Anatomy and and Transport

Physiology of the Digestive Body Energy Balance 523

Regulation of Food Intake • Metabolic Rate and Body
System 489 Heat Production • Body Temperature Regulation

Anatomy of the Digestive Part III: Developmental

System 489
Aspects of the Digestive
Organs of the Alimentary Canal 490
Mouth • Pharynx • Esophagus • Stomach • Small
System and Metabolism 527
Intestine • Large Intestine Summary 532
Accessory Digestive Organs 500
Review Questions  534
Teeth • Salivary Glands • Pancreas • Liver and
Gallbladder Critical Thinking and Clinical
Application Questions  536
Functions of the Digestive
A Closer Look Peptic Ulcers: “Something
System 502
Is Eating at Me” 512
Overview of Gastrointestinal Processes and
Controls 503 A Closer Look Obesity: Magical
Solution Wanted 529
Activities Occurring in the Mouth, Pharynx, and
Esophagus 506 Systems in Sync 531
Food Ingestion and Breakdown • Food Propulsion—

15 
Swallowing and Peristalsis
Activities of the Stomach 507
Food Breakdown • Food Propulsion
The Urinary
Activities of the Small Intestine 509 System 537
Chyme Breakdown and Absorption • Chyme
Propulsion
Activities of the Large Intestine 511 Kidneys 538
Nutrient Breakdown and Absorption • Propulsion Location and Structure 538
of Food Residue and Defecation Kidney Structure • Blood Supply
Nephrons 539
Another random document with
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girl at the wheel was showing disturbing signs of putting the motor into
reverse and seeking to back off the heavy piece of bridge-railing that,
jammed in between their rear mud-guard and the side of the car, was the
only thing preventing the machine from plunging off into eternity.

"I say, leave the motor alone!" Rodrigo shouted at once and scrambled
hurriedly out from behind the wheel of the sedan, his companions following.

"And whose motor is it, may I ask?" the pretty blonde in the driver's seat
came back promptly, at the same time jabbing furiously at levers.

Rodrigo was by this time at her side and, horrified, was clutching for her
wrist. "Lady, lady," he cried half in fear and half in mockery. "Shut off the
motor and get out quick. You're on the brink of eternity."

"Yes, Sophie, do," the other girl, slightly older and a brunette, agreed.

At first inclined to be stubborn, Sophie at length permitted herself to be

helped down from her precarious perch and her companion followed,
Terhune and Bond re-inforcing Rodrigo.

Thus the Oxonians made the acquaintance of Sophie Binner and Adele
Du Bois, ladies of the chorus in "The Golden Slipper," the current revue at
the Gayety. On the promise of stopping at the nearest garage and having the
wrecked machine sent for, the girls consented to enter the sedan and be
driven back to London. By the time the outskirts of the city were reached,
the party was a very gay one and Sir William Newbold's Treasure Hunt was
quite forgotten.

Rodrigo was especially interested in Sophie. He had at that time met

very few ladies of the stage informally. The frankness, sharp tongue and
cream-and-gold beauty of Sophie intrigued him. Rodrigo was rather adroit
with all types of women, even at twenty. He flattered Sophie half seriously,
half banteringly, exchanged bon mots, made an engagement in a low voice to
see her again. Bill Terhune told her on the quiet that Rodrigo was the son of
a real Count, thus increasing many fold the force of the impression the good-
looking Latin had made upon her.
 The Oxonians had dinner with Sophie and Adele, saw the show at the
Gayety, and took the girls later to a supper club. It was the first of several
parties in which Rodrigo's and Sophie's friends took part.

Having, following this adventure, made his apologies to his uncle and
aunt for having left the Treasure Hunt flat, the excuse being the necessity of
rescuing an automobile party in distress, Rodrigo proceeded to cultivate the
further acquaintance of Miss Binner assiduously and without the knowledge
of the Newbolds.

He was her constant cavalier. She taught him much—for instance, that a
baby-faced blonde can possess a wicked tongue, a sudden and devastating
temper and a compensating tenderness that made up for both defects. He was
thoroughly infatuated at first. Then his ardor cooled as he realized that
Sophie was professing to take his wooing seriously. The idea of contracting
an alliance with a future nobleman seemed to appeal to her. Rodrigo did not
think of her in that regard at all, and he was alarmed. He began looking for a
loophole.

The climax came at a party arranged for after the show in Sophie's
Mayfair apartment. Rodrigo had recruited Bill Terhune, Bond and three or
four other Oxford friends for the fun. They had accumulated Sophie, Adele
and a quartet of their sister coryphees at the theatre after the evening
performance and whirled them through the London streets in a fleet of
taxicabs. At two o'clock in the morning the party was in full swing. The
tinpanny piano crashed out American jazz under the nimble fingers of
Sophie. Leslie Bond numbered drumming among his numerous avocations
and had brought along the clamorous tools of his hobby. His hysterical
efforts on drums, cymbals and cowbells augmented the din and broke both
drums.

The revelers sang, danced, drank and made love. Bill Terhune, under the
impetus of spirits, was especially boisterous.

There was a sharp knocking upon the door. A corpulent, red-faced

Englishman in a frayed and gaudy bathrobe announced that he occupied the
apartment below, had been awakened by plaster falling upon his bed and his
person, and that "this Donnybrook Fair must cease at once." He was set upon
joyously by three burly Oxonians and good-naturedly propelled down the
stairs.

Sophie, from the piano, however, did not share their enthusiasm. "It may
interest you impetuous lads to know that our killjoy friend is a magistrate
and will probably have a couple of bobbies here in five minutes," she
warned them. They laughed at her and the party went on.

In twenty minutes there was another knock. Two bobbies, each built like
Dempsey, confronted Rodrigo when he opened the door. The policemen
entered with that soft, authoritative tread that London police have. One of
them laid hands upon Bill Terhune. Bill, former intercollegiate boxing
champion, was in a flushed and pugnacious mood. He promptly struck the
officer in the face and sent him reeling to the floor.

Immediately the party grew serious. Englishmen respect the police. An

American may attack a Broadway policeman, but hitting a London bobby is
something else again. The other bobby swung into action with his club.
There was a concerted rush for the door. Rodrigo could have easily escaped.
But he chose instead to stand by Sophie, who, he knew, was due for trouble
as the tenant of the apartment. When the tumult and the shouting died, the
room contained Sophie, Rodrigo, one angry bobby with pencil raised over
his book, and one still bobby recumbent upon the floor.

"The names now—the right ones," commanded the erect bobby.

"First, don't you think we'd better revive your friend on the floor?"
Rodrigo suggested.

When they had brought the fallen one back to life, Rodrigo soothingly
and skillfully persuaded the officers to let Sophie alone, to allow him to
assume sole responsibility for the trouble. He asked only permission to
telephone his uncle, Sir William Newbold. The bobbies generously
consented to take him, without Sophie, to jail for the rest of the night, but
they declined to allow him the use of the telephone.

The jail cell was cold, cramped and dirty. Rodrigo's cellmate was a hairy
navvy recovering from a debauch. Rodrigo had to listen to the fellow's
alternate snoring and maudlin murmurings until dawn. When, around ten
o'clock in the morning, he did succeed in getting in touch with his uncle, the
latter's influence was sufficient to secure his release.

Sir William delivered to his nephew a severe lecture. Then he telephoned

the newspaper offices with the idea of having any possible news of his
nephew's incarceration suppressed. In this endeavor he was unsuccessful.
Two papers contained an account of the arrest, and the more sensational
sheet of the two declared that Rodrigo, son of Count Angelo Torriani and
nephew of "London's leading merchant-knight, Sir William Newbold," was
the fiancé of Sophie Binner and that they were to be married shortly.
Rodrigo denied this vehemently to his uncle and was indeed just as angry
about it as was Sir William. He saw in it evidence that Sophie had
prevaricated to the newspapers, had used his ill fortune as a means of
securing notoriety and possibly of binding him publicly to an alliance that
did not exist.

He resolved to call upon her and break off any possible entanglement
with her.

He confronted her in her apartment in the middle of the next afternoon.

She looked especially lovely, her spun-gold tresses in informal disarray and
her beauty encased in a silken lounging gown. But Rodrigo was firm. He
accused her of exploiting last night's episode in the papers, of giving out
news of an engagement that was false. Though she denied this, at first
poutingly, then coyly and finally with considerable vehemence not unmixed
with vulgarity, Rodrigo insisted. He worked her into a tempest and, at the
climax, dramatically walked out of the room and, as he thought, of her life.

During the two years following his graduation from Oxford, Rodrigo had
vague ambitions to become a painter and spent considerable time browsing
about the galleries of England, Spain, France and his native Italy. He had a
workroom fitted up in the palace of the Torrianis and did some original work
in oil that was not without merit. But he worked spasmodically. His heart
was not in it. He knew good painting too well to believe that his was an
outstanding talent, and he lacked ambition therefore to concentrate upon
developing it.
 In the pursuit of pleasure and the spending of money he was more
whole-hearted. He skied and tobogganed at St. Moritz, gambled at Monte
Carlo, laughed at Montmartre's attempts to shock him, and flirted in all three
places. Upon the invitation of the bobby-assaulting American Rhodes
scholar, Terhune by name, now squandering his South Dakotan father's
money in New York under the pretence of making a career in architecture,
Rodrigo visited America. America, to Rodrigo, was represented by the
Broadway theatre and nightclub belt between dusk and dawn. Having in a
few weeks exhausted his funds and finding his cabled requests for more
greeted with a strange reticence, Rodrigo started for home. Three days out
from New York he received the cable announcing to him Count Angelo
Torriani's sudden death.

Rodrigo had adored and respected his quiet, high-minded English

mother, from whom he had inherited the thin vein of pure gold concealed
deep down below the veneer of selfishness and recklessness that coated his
character. He loved his father, from whom he drew the superficial and less
desirable traits of his personality. Loved him and, without respecting him
particularly, treated him as he would an older brother of kindred tastes and
faults.

His father's death shook Rodrigo down considerably for a while. It

sobered him, made him suddenly aware of his appalling aloneness in a world
of many acquaintances but not an understanding relative nor close friend.
The secondary calamity of having been, out of a clear sky, left penniless and
in debt did not at first impress itself upon him. When the late Count
Torriani's will was read, revealing the surprisingly devastated condition of
the Torriani finances, and debtors began to present their claims, Rodrigo,
now Count Rodrigo faced the realization that his whole mode of life must be
changed.

He dismissed the servants, keeping Maria because she refused to go,

even after being informed that she would probably have to serve without pay
if she stayed. He finally brought himself to talking with an agent at Naples
about renting the palace and selling some of the works of art which it
contained. The agent was very brisk and business-like. He jumped up and
down from his chair and rubbed his hands continually, like an American.
Rodrigo was irritated by the vulgarian. He abruptly left the matter and the
realtor up in the air and jumped into his car outside. As he swung along the
shore of the bay he was in very low spirits, lonesome and as nearly
depressed with life as he had ever been. In his preoccupation he paid only
subconscious attention to the road ahead and the swift speed at which his car
was traveling. He heard suddenly a shriek and flashed his eyes in its
direction just in time to avoid killing a girl.

In the flash he saw that the girl was dark, and beautiful in a wildflower-
like manner. She was also very dusty from walking. In the torrent of oaths
which she poured after him, she furthermore revealed herself as charmingly
coarse and unrestrained. Rodrigo cheered up. After the weeks of grief and
loneliness, and particularly after the Naples realtor, he found himself
wanting ardently to talk to a woman, any woman. He stopped the car and
slowly backed up even with the approaching girl. She continued to swear at
him. He smiled. When she had gradually quieted, he apologized and offered
her a seat beside him. Her angry face relaxed, she pouted, and ended by
accepting.

In a few days he had drifted into a fast ripening friendship with Rosa
Minardi, who was childlike, was no tax upon his conversational charms or
ingenuity, and who liked him very much. Her mother was dead, her father
was away in Rome on some mysterious errand. Rodrigo badly needed any
sort of companionship, and Rosa filled the need.

CHAPTER III

Maria's gnarled knuckles beat vigorously upon her young master's door.
When her tattoo failed to bring results, she opened the door and walked
boldly in. Waddling to the floor-length windows, she flung aside the heavy
draperies, drenching the room with sunlight. With a guttural exclamation that
was half disgust and half tenderness, she turned toward the dark, recumbent
form upon the canopied bed, still undisturbed by her activities. She
approached Rodrigo and shook him.
 When at last he blinked up at her, she said sharply, "Get up, lazy one.
Your American has already breakfasted and is downstairs waiting for you."

Rodrigo's face screwed itself interrogatively, American? Then his

drowsy, somewhat fuddled brain remembered Dorning, of Dorning and Son.
Rodrigo frowned. Bother Americans. So full of restless energy, such early
risers. He looked languidly at the watch upon his wrist. Eleven o'clock. He
sat upright in bed and indulged in a prodigious yawn. With a grimace at the
ample back of Maria, just disappearing out of the door, he slid out of bed.

Half an hour later, having bathed and breakfasted, Count Rodrigo,

looking as fresh and bright of eye as a trained athlete, walked briskly
downstairs to find that his guest had apparently not missed him in the least.
Dorning was standing in front of the expansive canvas of an oil painting in
the great entrance hall of the Torrianis. He had just donned a pair of tortoise-
rimmed glasses and was bending over to read the metal plate set in the
elaborate frame of the painting. The plate read: "Francesca Torriani, 1527-
1562." Dorning realized the likeness between the ruffled-collared,
sardonically smiling aristocrat on the canvas and his host, whom he now
turned to greet.

"I see you are making the acquaintance of my ancestors," said Rodrigo.
"This one, like the others, you will observe, led a short life and, so I
understand, a merry one." Rodrigo noted curiously how glasses added at
least five years to the age of John Dorning. Having at the instant of their first
encounter at the Café Del Mare set the American down as an innocent and
probably a prig, Rodrigo had, during their discourse and drinking of the
previous night, changed his mind and conceived a mild liking for the man.
Dorning was honest, outspoken, and possessed of considerable culture. He
was, Rodrigo vaguely felt, the sort of person whom he should cultivate, the
type that develops into a staunch and worth-while friend.

"Your ancestor has at least had the good fortune to have been perpetuated
by an excellent artist," said Dorning.

"Here is something that will interest you," offered Rodrigo, walking over
to a low, ornately carved cabinet set against an adjacent wall. "This is the
best example of Early Renaissance cabinet work anywhere around here."
Dorning bent a grave, interested head and ran expert fingers over the
carving. His host tugged at the doors of the cabinet. As he wrenched them
apart, a shelf inside, unbalanced by his effort, slid out upon the floor, spilling
its contents as it came. The two young men looked at each other, and
Rodrigo grinned sheepishly. Two bundles of letters and a feminine lace fan
lay at Dorning's feet.

Rodrigo dropped to his knees and, replacing the souvenirs, closed the
cabinet. He rose, dusted his hands, said suavely, "The cabinet was made by
Beniti, in Genoa, around 1627. The contents are slightly more modern."

"So I judged," said John Dorning dryly. Then with more enthusiasm, "I
only wish I knew Italian antiques as well as you do, Count Torriani—and
antiques are my business."

Both turned as Maria came toward them in considerable agitation. "A

man named Minardi and a girl are here to see you," she announced in rapid
Italian to Rodrigo. "I do not like his looks. I refused to admit him, but he has
pushed his way into the outer hall." She indicated the draperies on the other
side of the room.
 "STOP! DO YOU WANT TO BE ARRESTED? THIS GENTLEMAN IS
AN AMERICAN."

Rodrigo's face clouded. Damn the fellow's persistence. "Tell him to go

away. I will not see him. Tell him I shall have him arrested if he continues to
bother me," he instructed Maria.

She turned doubtfully. She lacked her usual faith in her sharp tongue in
dealing with a calloused fellow like Minardi. She had taken but a step when
the draperies parted and Minardi, wearing the same clothes, expression, and
carnation as on the previous evening, bulked before them. He had heard
Rodrigo's voice talking with Maria, and he was taking no chances. His fat,
weak face was trying its best to assume hard, menacing lines. His ill-kept,
corpulent body was drawn up as straight as possible with unrighteous
indignation. He relaxed for an instant to turn around and drag by the wrist
from the other side of the curtain his daughter, Rosa.
 Rosa had been brought to the scene with some difficulty. She flashed
indignation at her father through swollen eyes. Actually propelled now into
the presence of Rodrigo, she glanced half defiantly, half shamefacedly at
him, then stood regarding the floor.

Victor Minardi started at once toward Dorning, taking up again with

undiminished vigor the torrent of abuse and threat which he had hurled at the
American at the Café Del Mare. He was persisting in his belief that Dorning
was Count Torriani, the man who was to pay.

Rodrigo stepped between the gesticulating Italian and the uncertain

Dorning. "I am Count Torriani. Now, what is it you want?"

Minardi wheeled upon Rodrigo. "So—it was you! Ah. Why did you not
say so before, eh?" And he launched into a fresh flood of indignation.

Rodrigo raised a hand to stop him. He perceived that this fellow could
not be easily overawed. Minardi wanted money and would probably
continue to be a howling nuisance until he got it. Rosa, Rodrigo suspected
shrewdly, was in the plot with her father. Certainly she would not otherwise
have revealed her love affair with Rodrigo to Minardi and, instead of
keeping her rendezvous at the Café Del Mare, allowed the noisy old man to
come on a blackmailing expedition in her place. Any tenderness Rodrigo had
previously felt for Rose Minardi disappeared. His lips curled as he looked at
her dark head, cast down in assumed modesty.

When Minardi had calmed down, Rodrigo snapped, "How much do you
want?"

Minardi's anger faded. His eyes lighted up with greed. "Five thousand
lira," he replied in a business-like tone.

"You come high," said Rodrigo.

Minardi's hand went to his greasy inside coat pocket, "I have here letters
that are worth more than that," he said. "Letters you have written to my
Rosa. There are such things as breach of promise suits. The newspapers
would like them, eh? The Torrianis are not popular at Naples, eh?"
 In spite of himself, Rodrigo winced a little. This fat, futile old reprobate
began to assume the proportions of a real danger. Rodrigo essayed frankness.
"You know so much about the Torrianis," suggested he, "you perhaps know
that I have not five thousand liras at the moment."

Minardi shrugged his stooped shoulders. "Even if that is true, you can
get them," he said. And he looked significantly at John Dorning, an
interested and somewhat disgusted spectator at the scene.

Rodrigo's slim fingers were drumming nervously upon the Beniti cabinet
which he had just been displaying to his guest. In their nervous course over
the top of the cabinet the finger points met the smooth surface of an
elaborately wrought silver vase standing there. Rodrigo looked down. He
hesitated an instant, then caught up the vase in his hand.

"This was made by the great Cellini himself," he remarked to Minardi.

"It is worth at least twice the amount you are blackmailing me for. You can
easily dispose of it in Naples. I do not, of course, admit any of your silly
accusations. However, take this vase—and go at once."

He held the exquisitely formed metal toward Minardi. John Dorning's

eyes made a hasty appraisal of it. He half opened his lips to protest against
this careless disposal of the little silver masterpiece. But Minardi, hardly
looking at it, snarled, "No. I want money."

Dorning said at once to Rodrigo, "Give him money then. I will buy the
vase. I'll give you twice what he wants—ten thousand liras—and make a
handsome profit if I ever want to dispose of it." He took out his purse.

Rodrigo regarded his guest with puzzled surprise. "I don't want you to do
this for me, Dorning. I——"

"Please believe me, it is merely a matter of business," Dorning cut in

quietly. "I am in Italy for the purpose of picking up just such bargains." He
counted out the money and offered it to Rodrigo. The young Italian hesitated
an instant, then took the proffered notes, counted them and started to hand
half to Minardi.
 "You want something for your money, don't you?" Dorning interjected.
"Your letters?"

"Naturally," replied Rodrigo, flushing a little. He was not used to being

prompted. As he took the packet of note-paper from Minardi's greasy hands
he now made an over-elaborate show of checking them up. "They are all
here," he decided, speaking curtly and more to Dorning than to Rosa's papa.
To the latter he continued even more curtly, "Now get out. If I see you about
here again I will turn you over to the police."

Minardi bowed impudently. He made a move to seize the silent Rosa's

hand, but she eluded him. Suddenly she opened shrill soprano abuse of her
father. "I hope you're satisfied now!" she cried. "You have humiliated me,
your daughter. You've sold my honest love for money, made me appear a
low, scheming woman. I hate you." With a swift movement she slipped over
to Rodrigo, who stood with arms folded, regarding her with a wry smile.

"Please tell me you do not think I plotted this with him," she pleaded, her
dark, warm face quite near to his. "It is not for money I love you. I did not
come to the café last night, because I was angry with you for telling me I am
bad tempered. I cried all last night over that, Rodrigo. But I am not angry at
you now. I am angry only at Papa." Her soft arms attempted to steal around
Rodrigo's neck. "Tell me that you still love me," she begged in a low, husky
voice.

Still he stood rigid. He shot an apologetic smile at Dorning. Even now he

felt the attraction of this creature of primitive emotions, though he suspected
she was acting.

"But you are bad tempered, Rosa," he jibed, disengaging her arms. "And
I think you are somewhat of a liar besides."

She fairly flung herself away from him at that, standing with heaving
bosom and flashing eyes. She was still cursing him when her father laid
violent hands upon her and led her out of the house.

Rodrigo shrugged his shoulders and lit a cigarette. "A charming

creature," he remarked flippantly to Dorning. Nevertheless Rodrigo was
rather ashamed of the scene the two Minardis had made in front of the
American. Somehow Dorning had already assumed an importance to him
much more than that of a casual and congenial guest. It was not that Dorning
had stepped into an embarrassing situation with ten thousand liras. It was the
spirit that had prompted the American's action. Rodrigo sensed a quiet
strength in the man that he himself somehow lacked, a strength that in the
troublous future confronting him he would like to have near him.

"The trouble with women," Rodrigo remarked, "is that they cannot keep
love in its proper place. It soon ceases to be a game with them and becomes
a mad scramble to possess a man. Then comes jealousy, bad temper,
remorse, and complications such as you have just seen."

"'Love is to man a thing apart; to woman their whole being,'" Dorning

quoted. He did not think his host had acquitted himself with especial credit
in the "complications." There was a tawdriness about the Minardis and the
scene they had created unbecoming to a man who owned original Cellinis
and other treasures. Art, to Dorning, was about all there was in life. The
Rosas were superficial annoyances that had never yet entered into his own
career, though he was quite aware that they existed in the careers of most
other men. He had been immediately attracted to his host by their mutual
interest in art. The charm of the man, his good looks, his facile tongue, his
wit and deftness in conversation had added to the attraction. Why should
such a man love such a common creature as Rosa Minardi and consent to be
blackmailed by her father? Dorning resolved to forget Rosa and turned the
conversation to tapestries.

But Rodrigo's thoughts were not entirely diverted from "complications."

"There is an amusing tradition about those tapestries," he said. "You will
observe that the ones near the window seat are identical with those at the
door leading into the outer hall. Well, my worthy ancestor whose portrait
you have praised, Francesca Torriani, once found their similarity his
undoing. It seems that he was entertaining a very lovely married lady in this
room, a Countess. Her husband, the Count, followed her to the rendezvous.
Suddenly in the middle of my ancestor's love-making, the Countess caught
sight of her husband outside. 'Quick,' she cried, 'where can I hide?' Francesca
thrust her behind the tapestry by the door.
 "The Count entered, very angry and his hand upon his sword hilt. 'Where
is my wife? I saw her come here,' he bellowed. Francesca swore like a
gentleman that the lady was not present. The Count insisted and started
searching. His eye caught the outline of a lady's foot showing beneath the
tapestry. With a loud cry of rage he tore the tapestry to one side and revealed
not his Countess but quite another lady! Another of Francesca's lady friends
had sought shelter when the Countess entered, behind the tapestries by the
window seat. All might have been well had not the Countess, hearing from
her hiding-place a woman's voice, been assailed by jealousy and, casting
discretion to the winds, come forth breathing fire and brimstone."

"What happened then?" asked Dorning smiling, amused in spite of

himself.

"There was a terrific four-handed clash. Poor Francesca was half mad
with anxiety. The Count challenged him to a duel. In the fight, Francesca,
who, unlike the rest of the Torrianis, was no swordsman, was killed."

"And quite a proper climax to the adventure it was," John Dorning

declared soberly.

"Proper—why!" Rodrigo asked. "Because Francesca had been too stupid

to learn swordsmanship?"

"No—because of his interest in a lady who belonged to another."

"The lady should not have taken Francesca's love so seriously as to have
become jealous. When will women understand that when they take our
admiration seriously they kill it?"

"Not at all," Dorning returned stoutly. "That is exactly the wrong

attitude. I do not understand it in you—you who are so intelligent and
sensible about other things. There are so many other things for you to
interest yourself in than in these petty love affairs."

Rodrigo straightened. He did not relish criticism. In the next instant,

realizing that Dorning was honest in his questioning and rather pleased that
he had aroused his quiet guest to such a pitch, he relaxed and asked calmly,
"What other interests do you recommend for a reckless and extravagant
gentleman, like myself, who now finds himself penniless and equipped for
nothing in the world but for amusing the ladies and for being amused by
them?"

"If you will pardon me—are you really in straightened circumstances?"

"Yes. I am in debt. Economy was not one of my father's virtues, nor did
he take the trouble to develop it in me." Rodrigo, fearing to be
misunderstood, added, "Not that I am in need of a loan, you understand. You
have done quite enough for me, and I am grateful."

"What are you thinking of doing then?"

"I can either marry the first single rich lady or widow who will have me,
or I can sell or rent this place and its contents."

"You would do neither of those two foolish things."

"Why not?" Rodrigo was curious. He was secretly rather pleased at the
personal turn the conversation had taken, for, with all his worldliness and
experience along romantic lines, it seemed that Dorning's common sense
might be valuable in considering the rather dismaying future.

"Have you ever considered entering trade?" Dorning asked tentatively.

"My father was in trade. There is nothing unpleasant about it to me.

What sort of trade?"

Thus encouraged, John Dorning revealed what was in his mind. "We—
Dorning and Son," he explained, "have gone in recently, to a very extensive
degree, for Italian antiques. My mission over here is for the purpose of
adding to our stock. Also, if possible, to acquire a man to manage that
department of our business, someone who is an expert in that line and who at
the same time is fitted to deal with our rather exclusive clientele. It occurs to
me that you might be that man, if you would care to consider it."

Rodrigo did not reply at once. He took three or four steps in silence,
thoughtfully, away from Dorning. Go to America! Enter business! He
recalled the deprecatory manner in which his father had always talked about
business and the great relief it had been for the elder Torriani to leave the
Indian trade and settle down at last to be a gentleman again. And he was very
much like his father in so many ways. The business of John Dorning, to be
sure, was art, something he, Rodrigo, loved. It was not like the mad
commercial scramble of ordinary trade. There was nothing commercial
about Dorning. Something within Rodrigo said "Go." Something in
Dorning's offer was lifting off his mind the almost physical weight that
oppressed him every time he considered the future.

"I will accept your offer and return with you to America," Rodrigo said
with quiet suddenness.

John Dorning started. He had not suspected such a quick and decisive
answer. "Fine," he said. "Can you arrange your affairs to sail with me next
week on the Italia?"

Rodrigo was sure that he could. Now that he was committed to the
plunge, he was positively gay about it. The two young men spent the rest of
the day talking the arrangements over. In the afternoon they journeyed in to
Naples in Rodrigo's car and entered an agreement with the fussy Italian real
estate agent to rent the palace of the Torrianis to the family of a young
American author who had just made a fortune out of a best-selling novel and
wished to write its sequel along the romantic shore of the Bay of Naples.

CHAPTER IV

The great floating hotel glided steadily ahead over the smooth, black
waters of the Mediterranean. Somewhere within her hull, boiler fires were
roaring and a labyrinth of machinery was driving furiously, but only a slight,
muffled throb reached the ears of the lone passenger standing at the rail
directly under the bridge. Over his head he could hear the regular tread of
the watch officer as he paced his monotonous round. In front of him was the
dark immensity of the night, broken only when he lowered his eyes to take
in the lights from the port-holes and the jagged streaks of phosphorescence
streaming back from the bow as it cut the water.

Rodrigo was quite happy. His ripening friendship with Dorning, the new
clean life into which every minute of the ship's progress was carrying him,
the cool, damp darkness that surrounded him, added to his content. He
snapped his cigarette into the Mediterranean and with a peaceful sigh walked
into the crowded, brilliantly lighted saloon in search of his friend.

The waiter was standing expectantly at Dorning's table, while Dorning,

menu card in hand, was looking about for Rodrigo. Another man sat at the
table with the American, a small, nervous, middle-aged man, who was also
fingering a menu.

"I feared you had changed your mind and leaped overboard or
something," Dorning smiled as Rodrigo approached. "I want you to meet Mr.
Mark Rosner, Rodrigo. Mr. Rosner—Count Torriani." Rodrigo bowed and
slid into his place at the table.

"Mr. Rosner is an old friend of my father's," Dorning explained. "We met

by chance at the door of the saloon."

Rosner elaborated upon the explanation in a rapid, clipped voice. "I

worked for Dorning and Son for a long time, Count Torriani. I left them five
years ago to open a shop of my own in London. I did rather well, but you
know how it is—once an American, always an American. There is no town
in the world like New York. I sold out my place in London six months ago.
Since then I have been traveling in Italy acquiring a stock, and I am on my
way back to New York to go into business there."

He directed his conversation toward Rodrigo, evidently awed a bit by the

young Italian's title and reserved manner and anxious to make an impression.
Mark Rosner was a rare Jewish type, an impractical æsthete who disliked
business life intensely but who nevertheless was consumed by the urge to
make money. The struggle had whitened his mop of unruly hair prematurely,
stooped his fat shoulders, and worn his nerves to ragged edges. The truth
was that his London venture had been a failure and his new stock had been
bought in Italy on borrowed capital. His delight at meeting John Dorning
again had been partly caused by genuine pleasure at coming upon the son of
a man he had always liked and admired and partly by the thought that he
might derive aid later from the Dornings in getting started in New York.

"Count Torriani is to become associated with us in New York," Dorning

remarked when the waiter had departed with the three orders. Dorning, now
that Rodrigo had arrived, would rather the third party were not present. He
remembered Rosner as a valuable employee, but as one who was always
timid in taking responsibility and evasive and whining when things went
badly. However, he was too kind-hearted to snub the fellow.

Rosner replied in his jerky voice, "Really? You couldn't join a concern
with a finer reputation, Count Torriani. Dorning and Son are the leaders in
their line in New York, as you probably know. Sometimes I wish I had never
left your father, John." Dorning secretly smiled at Rosner's sudden
familiarity. "But you know how it is—there is a certain satisfaction in being
on your own, in spite of the risk involved."

He went on to relate in considerable detail the difficulties that had beset

his venture in London. In the midst of his recital the food arrived. Rodrigo
and John Dorning, who were hungry and bored, fell to at once and heard
only snatches of the remainder of Rosner's querulous discourse. Englishmen
of the art world, according to Rosner, were prejudiced against Americans in
the same line of business, particularly Americans of Semitic extraction. He
gave instances of alleged discriminations against him.

"I don't suppose, though, that it's much different in New York," Rosner
admitted. "I remember many of the old-line concerns were against foreigners
there too, and I don't suppose it has changed much. I recall how Henry
Madison opposed your father's taking on that Italian sculptor, Rinaldi, and
how pleased he was when the chap fell down and had to be let out. You were
there then, weren't you, John?"

John did not look over-pleased. "Rinaldi was not the man for the job," he
said with a frown. "My father was carried away with his enthusiasm for the
man's work in clay. Rinaldi was no good out of his studio, and Madison
quickly recognized it. The fact that Rinaldi was a foreigner had nothing to do
with the matter."
 Rodrigo now listened with interest for the first time since he had sat
down at the table. He foresaw that his career with Dorning and Son might
not prove as unruffled as he had anticipated. This did not greatly annoy him.
He had little of the eccentric artistic temperament, and there was enough of
the merchant blood in him to enable him to adapt himself to office work. At
least, he hoped so. If obstacles arose, he would overcome them.

"Who is Mr. Madison?" Rodrigo asked politely.

"He is the manager of our establishment," John explained. "There is no

cause for alarm, Rodrigo. He is the most honest, fairest person alive."

Rosner, glancing furtively from one of his tablemates to the other, sensed
that he had rather put his foot into it. Why had he not remembered that
Count Torriani was a foreigner? He flushed with embarrassment and, to
change the subject, asked John, "Is your father still active in the business?"

Dorning's sensitive face clouded. He answered, "No, my father has not

been in very good health for the past year or so. He is staying at our place at
Greenwich and only gets down to the office once or twice a month."

"Then you have charge?"

"Yes—with the able assistance of Madison and the rest of our staff. It
isn't a very difficult job, as you can imagine. The long-standing reputation of
Dorning and Son and the organization my father built up don't leave a very
great deal for the head of the concern to do."

"All the same, it's quite a responsibility for a young fellow only a few
years out of college, John, and I congratulate you." What there was of
shrewdness in Mark Rosner now showed in his dark, ineffective eyes. Young
Dorning was evidently kind-hearted, and, of necessity, inexperienced. An
appeal to him for assistance by an old employee of his father's would
probably meet with a favorable response.

After dinner the two younger men contrived to rid themselves of

Rosner's company temporarily on the plea that they wished to unpack their
bags. Having accomplished this task, they drifted into the smoking-room,
where the card players were already hard at it. Waiters were running here
and there with tinkling glasses. The air was hazy with the smoke of many
cigarettes and cigars.

A corpulent gentleman with the wine-ruddy face and expansive clothes

and manners of a London theatrical producer, as indeed he was, approached
the two friends as they stood surveying the scene. "Would you two
gentlemen care to make up a table at bridge?" he asked.

Bridge was John's favorite diversion. He played a careful, serious-

minded game for pleasure rather than for profit. He looked suggestively at
Rodrigo, who shrugged affirmatively. The Italian would have been happier
at baccarat or some other continental game which moved more quickly than
bridge. But he was willing to please, and it occurred to him that his funds
would not permit his participation in baccarat as played in this smoking-
room, for a few moments' observation had shown him that the stakes were
very high.

The red-faced Englishman guided them over to a table near the stairway.
A gaunt, pale, long-haired man was already seated there, surrounded by
three tipped-up chairs. He was idly shuffling the cards and dropped them to
rise as his companion reappeared. The introductions revealed that the stout
Englishman was Gilbert Christy, producer of the Christy Revues, which
Rodrigo was familiar with as elaborate girl-and-music shows relying upon
well-drilled choruses and trick stage effects rather than cleverness for their
success. The lean Englishman was Clive Derrick, leading man in Christy's
current show. The Christy Revue was transporting itself overseas, after a
brief and rather unremunerative engagement at Rome and Naples, to try its
luck on Broadway.

"André Chariot has been filling his pockets in America," boomed

Christy, whose voice was as loud as his vest. "Why not I?"

Rodrigo agreed that the chances were excellent, being too polite to
explain that Charlot's divertissements were clever, while Christy was about
to offer America something which Ziegfeld and other native New York
producers were already doing better than anybody else in the world.