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Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift and Frequency
Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift and Frequency
Amplitude, Period, Phase Shift and Frequency
Advanced
Frequency
Some functions (like Sine and Cosine ) repeat forever
and are called Periodic Functions.
The Period goes from one peak to the next (or from any point to the next matching
point):
Period
Amplitude
Amplitude
The Amplitude is the height from the center line to the peak (or to the trough). Or
we can measure the height from highest to lowest points and divide that by 2.
Phase Shift The Phase Shift is how far the function is shifted
y
1.5
horizontally from the usual position.
1
0.5
0
x
-0.5
-1
0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π 5π/2
Vertical Shift
1.5
The Vertical Shift is how far the function is shifted y
1
vertically from the usual position.
0.5
0 x
-0.5
-1
0 π/2 π 3π/2 2π 5π/2
All Together Now!
We can have all of them in one equation:
y = A sin(B(x + C)) + D
amplitude is A
period is 2π/B
vertical shift is D
y = A sin ( B (x + C ) ) + D
2π
Period =
B
Amplitude
Vertical
0 Shift
0
Phase Shift Left
Note that we are using radians here, not degrees, and there are 2π radians in a full
rotation.
Example: sin(x)
1
Amplitude = 1
-1
Vertical
Shift = 0
amplitude A = 2
Phase π
Period =
Shift = 0.5 2
Amplitude
=2
Vertical
Shift = 3
In words:
the usual period is 2π, but in our case that is "sped up" (made shorter) by
the 4 in 4x, so Period = π/2
and the −0.5 means it will be shifted to the right by 0.5
lastly the +3 tells us the center line is y = +3, so Vertical Shift = 3
First we need brackets around the (t+1), so we can start by dividing the 1 by
100:
amplitude is A = 3
vertical shift is D = 0
And we get:
Period = 0.02π
Phase
Shift = 0.01
2
Amplitude
1 =3
t
0
-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-1
-2
-3
Frequency
Frequency is how often something happens per unit of time (per "1").
0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1
-1
So the Frequency is 4
1
And the Period is
4
1
Frequency =
Period
1
Period =
Frequency
Period = 0.02π
Phase
Shift = 0.01
2
Amplitude
1 =3
t
0
-0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
-1
-2
-3
Period Frequency
1
10
10
1
4
4
1 1
1
5
5
1
100
100
Animation
Amplitude: 80.0
Wavelength: 316
Frequency: 0.5
Wave Speed = 316m × 0.5/s = 158.0 m/s
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