The Evolution

of Books
A book is a medium for recording information in the form of
writing or images, typically composed of many pages.

Bound together and protected by a cover.

Books have been a part of our daily lives since ancient times.

They have been used for telling stories, archiving history, and
sharing information about our world.

Although the ways that books are made have evolved over
time, whether handwritten, printed on pages, or digitized
online, their need remains timeless.
UNESCO's uninspiring, arbitrary, and
ungrounded definition of "book" is:

"Non-periodical printed publication of

at least 49 pages excluding covers."
Role of books
Transforming Information one
generation to another station
One of the
authentic document
Journey of Book
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem
from ancient Mesopotamia.

Akkadian language

The first book ever written that we know of is

The Epic of Gilgamesh: a mythical retelling of an
important political figure from history.

In the 14th century, the Jikji was printed in Korea in

movable (metal) type: a collection of Buddhist Zen
teachings.
The history of scrolls dates back to
ancient Egypt.

In most ancient literate cultures

scrolls were the earliest format for
longer documents written in ink or
paint on a flexible background,
preceding bound books; rigid media
such as clay tablets were also used
but had many disadvantages in
comparison.
The earliest known written
documents that most similarly
align with modern books are
known as codexes.
lluminated manuscripts are hand-written
books with painted decoration that generally
includes precious metals such as gold or silver.

The pages were made from animal skin,

commonly calf, sheep, or goat.

Illuminated manuscripts were produced

between 1100 and 1600, with monasteries as
their earliest creators.
First woodcut printing on paper (1423)

Even though woodcut is already used for printing on cloth for

over a century, the first European woodcut printing on paper
happens in the early 15th century.

It is used for printing religious images and playing cards.

Woodcut is a relief printing technique in which text and images

are carved into the surface of a block of wood.

This printing technique is also called block printing. One of the

earliest examples of European woodcuts is the image of Saint
Christopher. It was printed in 1423 and then manually colored
in.

The first complete block books or xylographica are produced in

Germany and Holland around 1430. They continue to be
produced until around 1480.
Aldus Pius Manutius was an Italian
printer and humanist who founded
the Aldine Press.

Manutius devoted the later part of his

life to publishing and disseminating
rare texts.

His interest in and preservation of

Greek manuscripts mark him as an
innovative publisher of his age
dedicated to the editions he
produced.
Ratdolt's design brings forth a German
taste for excellence and a novel sense
of experimentation, look at the floral
"H" printed (above) in red and white,
and the complicated greek & roman
lace motifs in white over black.
Diamond Sutra,
Sanskrit Vajraccedika-sutra
(“Diamond Cutter Sutra”),
brief and very popular
Mahayana Buddhist text widely
used in East Asia and perhaps
the best known of the 18
smaller “Wisdom” texts that
together with their
commentaries are known as
the Prajnaparamita
(“Perfection of Wisdom”).
Nuremberg
Anton Koberger for Sebald
Schreyer and Sebastian
Kammermeister, 12 July 1493.

First edition of the most

extensively illustrated book of
the 15th century.

The Nuremberg Chronicle is

celebrated for its fine and
numerous woodcut illustrations,
to which Albrecht Dürer is
believed to have contributed.
When Andreas Vesalius (1514–1564)
first published his radical De humani
corporis fabrica
(On the Structure of the Human Body)

Carefully integrated into Vesalius' text

are over 200 woodcuts executed by a
skilled group of artists that may have
included Jan Steven van Calcar (1499–
1546), who trained in the workshop of
Titian.

No text on anatomy before the Fabrica

had ever been illustrated so completely
or so well, and although the plates are
didactic in intent, they are also rich in
aesthetic merit.
Journey of Book
Alphabets
Tokens were clay symbols of
multiple shapes used to count,
store and communicate economic
data in oral preliterate cultures.

The earliest origin of writing in

Mesopotamia took place as clay
tokens ranging from 0.5 to 1.25
inches long, as early as 8000 BCE
and they were used for around
5000 years.

Archaeologist, Denise Schmandt-

Besserat, first discovered evidence
of these clay tokens buried directly
underneath the regions land.
Pictographs then began to
appear on clay tablets around
4000 BCE, and after the later
development of
Sumerian cuneiform writing, a
more sophisticated partial
syllabic script evolved that by
around 2500 BCE was capable of
recording the vernacular, the
everyday speech of the common
people.
Hieroglyph, a character used in a
system of pictorial writing,
particularly that form used on
ancient Egyptian monuments.

Hieroglyphic symbols may

represent the objects that they
depict but usually stand for
particular sounds or groups of
sounds.
The Development of the Modern
European AlphabetThe modern
alphabet used throughout Europe
and the New World is a legacy of
the Romans.

The origins of this alphabet are

debated, but the Phoenicians, who
traded valuable purple dye all over
the Mediterranean Sea, get most
of the credit.
Journey of Book
Paper
About 2,000 years ago, inventors in China took
communication to the next level, crafting cloth
sheets to record their drawings and writings.

Paper was first made in Lei-Yang, China by Ts'ai Lun,

a Chinese court official.

Cai Lun

Created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other

bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp
waste.
Journey of Book
Printing
Printing was invented over a millennium ago,
around the year 700, in China during the Tang
dynasty (618–907)
Technical Aspects
Comic Book or Graphic Novel

Fantasy

Historical Fiction

Horror

Short Stories

History

Crime

Fiction

Bio Pick
Irma Boom
Bauhaus
 Bauhaus
1919 to 1933
“Bauhaus”
literally translates to “house of building,”
which was derived by inverting the German
word Hausbau, or “building of a house.”
Key Ideas

The Bauhaus was the first model of the modern art

school.

The Bauhaus curriculum combine theoretical

education and practical training in the educational
workshop.

The Bauhaus aimed to reunite fine art and

functional design, creating practical objects with
the soul of artworks.

Although the Bauhaus abandoned many aspects of

traditional fine-arts education, it was deeply
concerned with intellectual and theoretical
approaches to its subject.
The Bauhaus movement championed a geometric,
abstract style featuring little sentiment or emotion
and no historical nods, and its aesthetic continues
to influence architects, designers and artists.
Bauhaus Bauhaus Bauhaus
phase 01 phase 02 phase 03
Weimar, Dessau, Berlin,
Germany Germany Germany
The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 in the city of
Weimar by German architect Walter Gropius
(1883–1969).

Its core objective was a radical concept:

to reimagine the material world to reflect the unity
of all the arts.
Bauhaus Design Movement: Philosophy, Principles
& Ideas

To this day, Bauhaus is regarded as one of the most

significant design styles of all time.

Combining aesthetics with function, it helps to

produce forms that bring beauty to any creative
project.

Functionality.
The Bauhaus movement's main motto is “form
follows function.”

It means producing modern and sophisticated

designs while focusing on the function of all
elements. ...
Minimalism. ...
Innovation. ...
Artist and Artisan Unified.
What is the Bauhaus movement?
One institution is responsible for the development
of the Bauhaus design movement: the Staatliches
Bauhaus in Germany.

The German architect Walter Gropius founded the

school in 1919, six months after World War I,
intending to establish a radical new style of design
and architecture to help reconstruct post-war
society.

Even though the Bauhaus school only existed for 14

years, it started a powerful movement that would
alter the course of art history, significantly
influencing the graphic design, architecture, and
interior and furniture design.
Why was the Bauhaus
movement so important?

The Bauhaus aimed to reunite fine art and

functional design, creating practical objects with
the soul of artworks.

Although the Bauhaus abandoned many aspects of

traditional fine-arts education, it was deeply
concerned with intellectual and theoretical
approaches to its subject.
Major elements of Bauhaus typography in
Bayer's original form were the elimination of capital
letters, composition based on strong geometrical
elements and expressive use of colors, and the
replacement of the Gothic font by a more
cosmopolitan font suitable for the move from
handcrafted to standardized production.
Functionality.
The Bauhaus movement’s main motto is
“form follows function.”

It means producing modern and sophisticated

designs while focusing on the function of all
elements.
Minimalism.
You’ve probably heard the saying “less is more.”

It comes from Mies van der Rohe, an influential

architect and the last director of the Bauhaus
school.

A key feature in many Bauhaus designs was

simplicity.

The goal of Bauhaus artists was to make their work

understandable, whether they were working with
typography, poster design, illustration, or more.
Innovation.

Ideas were just as important to Bauhaus as the

actual design work.

It was a movement that demanded the

development of new methods of producing designs.

The goal was to find fresh approaches and

alternative modes of thought.

Bauhaus artists believed that innovative ways of

learning and creating should influence how we
perceive and understand the world.
Artist and Artisan Unified.

Gropius’s grand idea was to dissolve the barriers

between craftsmen and artists.

He intended to establish what he called “a guild of

craftspeople” by bringing all creative forms under a
single roof.

The school placed equal significance and

importance on typography, textile, weaving, metal,
and cabinetmaking crafts, as well as fine art and
theory.
Key elements of the
Bauhaus design
Experimental layout.
In the spirit of creativity and artistic exploration and
creativity, Bauhaus artists developed a new
approach to layout. They experimented with
alternative placement of objects, angles, and white
space.

Geometric shapes.
The Bauhaus design philosophy relied heavily on
simple geometric forms, which supported its
emphasis on functionality.

Bauhaus used streamlined geometric designs with a

few extra details. As a decoration, it sometimes
incorporated abstract forms and shapes.
Primary color schemes.
Bauhaus color schemes, which emphasize
minimalism and simplicity, frequently stick to basic
colors like white, gray, and beige, as well as primary
colors like red, yellow, or blue.

Emphasis on technology.
Because the Bauhaus movement was all about
combining art and industry, its artists focused on
searching for new tools, methods, and perspectives
to keep their design work constantly evolving.

https://blog.depositphotos.com/bauhaus-design.html
Paul Klee
1879–1940
Klee was a natural draftsman who experimented
with and eventually deeply explored color theory,
writing about it extensively; his lectures Writings on
Form and Design Theory (Schriften zur Form und
Gestaltungslehre), published in English as the Paul
Klee Notebooks, are held to be as important for
modern art as Leonardo da Vinci's A Treatise on
Painting was for the Renaissance.

He and his colleague, Russian painter Wassily

Kandinsky, both taught at the Bauhaus school of art,
design and architecture in Germany. His works
reflect his dry humor and his sometimes childlike
perspective, his personal moods and beliefs, and his
musicality.
Wassily Kandinsky
1866–1944
Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky is widely
credited with making the world's first truly abstract
paintings, but his artistic ambition went even
further.

He wanted to evoke sound through sight and create

the painterly equivalent of a symphony that would
stimulate not just the eyes but the ears as well.

Abstract art uses shapes, lines, forms, colors and

textures, but it does not represent reality.
László Moholy-Nagy
1895–1946
During his Bauhaus years Moholy-Nagy developed
the theories of art education for which he is known.

Believed in the potential of art as a vehicle for social

transformation, working hand in hand with
technology for the betterment of humanity.

He created a widely accepted curriculum that

focused on developing students' natural visual gifts
instead of teaching them specialized skills.

In 1923, Moholy-Nagy was invited by Walter

Gropius to teach at the Bauhaus in Weimar,
Germany. He took over Johannes Itten's role co-
teaching the Bauhaus foundation course with Josef
Albers, and also replaced Paul Klee as Head of the
Metal Workshop.
Herbert Bayer
American, born Austria.
1900–1985
Bayer was most recognized for his experiments in
typography, which he discovered while studying at
the Bauhaus.

The artist took inspiration from the Minimalist

movement when creating his uppercase/lowercase
single typeface, called the Universal Alphabet.

Bayer began his studies as an architect in 1919 in

Darmstadt. From 1921 to 1923 he attended the
Bauhaus in Weimar, studying mural painting with
Vasily Kandinsky and typography, creating the
Universal alphabet, a typeface consisting of only
lowercase letters that would become the signature
font of the Bauhaus.
Jan Tschichold
1902- 1974
Tschichold defined the elements of asymmetrical
typography, and advocated for the use of sans-
serif typefaces. In 1928 he published "Die Neue
Typographie, " further refining his theories. In
1933 he was expelled from Germany under the
Nazis for creating "un-German" typography.
History of Design and
Art of Electronic Age
(Computer Graphics)
Ideation Execution
History of Design
Arts and Crafts Movement
1875–1920
The Arts and Crafts Movement began in England as
a reform movement.

This was a reaction to not only the damaging effects

of industrialisation but also the relatively low status
of the decorative arts.

The core characteristics of the Arts and Crafts

movement are a belief in craftsmanship which
stresses the inherent beauty of the material, the
importance of nature as inspiration, and the value
of simplicity, utility, and beauty.
William Morris (1834-1896)

Morris helped transform interior decoration in

late Victorian Britain and made a lasting impact
on garden design well into the 20th century.

Despite the fickleness of fashion, Morris's

celebration of nature and his skill at rendering it in
pattern continue to resonate.

Morris & Co. Lodden. This painting is from 1873

and was painted by William Morris.

"The One-Eyed Man is King" (1894)

by William Morris is an oil painting that was
inspired by a trip to Italy.

Four Fruits, Marigold, Larkspur.

John Ruskin (1819-1900)

John Ruskin was another key figure of the Arts

and Crafts movement.

He was a philosopher and art critic who criticized

the way of production in factories and its effects
on society.

He despised Capitalism & the barbarians who

know the price of everything & the value of
nothing.

Ruskin believed in the power of art to transform

the lives of people oppressed more by visual
illiteracy than by poor material conditions.
Art Nouveau Movement
1890 - 1910
Europe & United States
Victor Horta is a famous Belgian architect
considered as the Father of Art Nouveau.
 Art Nouveau is characterized by its use of a long, sinuous,
organic line and was employed most often in architecture,
interior design, jewelry and glass design, posters, and
illustration.

The characteristics of the Art Nouveau style

include; Sensuality, Japanese-inspired balanced perspective,
Stained glass, intricate window panes, Floral style, and
Undulating asymmetrical lines.

Decorative artists, architects, painters, graphic artists and

sculptors all drew inspiration from the movement.

The guiding principle behind Art Nouveau was the theory

that art had the power to make everyday life beautiful: this
was the birth of the discipline we now know as design.

Hotel Tassel Brussels

The most flamboyant example is the Lavirotte
Building, at 29, avenue Rapp (1901).

Office buildings and department stores featured

high courtyards covered with stained glass
cupolas and ceramic decoration.
Modernism Art Movement
1860 to 1970
The origins of modern art are traditionally
traced to the mid-19th-century rejection of
Academic tradition in subject matter and style
by certain artists and critics.

The most influential movements of

"modern art" are
• Impressionism
• Fauvism
• Cubism
• Futurism
• Expressionism
• Dada
• Surrealism
• Abstract Expressionism
• Pop Art
Electronic Age
1930 - 1980
Computer change the
Design World
Computer Image
Photography
Typography
Moving Images
Illustration
Printing
The term computer graphics was
first used in 1960’s by William
Fetter a graphic designer for the
Boing Aircraft co.
The Screen
The CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) allowed for
visualization of data.

At the first the screen was one colour and

display was a very crude bit map images.

The first bit maps were vertical, but later

square pixels improved screen clarity.
Typography
Tolbert Lanston (February 3, 1844 – February
18, 1913) was the American founder
of Monotype, inventing a mechanical
typesetting system patented in 1887 and the
first hot metal typesetter a few years later.
Linotype, (trademark), typesetting machine by which
characters are cast in type metal as a complete line
rather than as individual characters as on the
Monotype typesetting machine. It was patented in the
United States in 1884 by Ottmar Mergenthaler.
Bit Map Fonts

Known as “raster font” bitmap fonts are

build from dots or pixels representing the image
In 1965 Dr. Ing. Rudolf Hell Introduce the
Digiset typesetting system .

It was the first device to produce character

on a CRT entirely from digital masters.

DigitGrotesk was the first digital type font and was

designed in 1968 by the Hell design studio and was
available in the seven weights from light to bold.

Early digital fonts were bitmaps, which resulted in less-

than-ideal readability at small sizes.

In 1974, the first outline (vector) fonts were

developed, which resulted in better readability at the
same time as reducing file sizes.
 Suitcase Type Foundry is an independent type
foundry, founded by Tomas Brousil in 2003 in
Prague, Czech Republic. They specialize in the
design and digitization of quality fonts for
professional use.

Apart from retail type, they also produce custom

typefaces for corporate use and other specific
purposes on commission.

A font suitcase is a special type of folder that can

hold multiple screen fonts, but the corresponding
PostScript fonts
printer fonts are always individual files. Font
suitcase icons in OS 9 look like a suitcase; in OS X,
they have an icon with "FFIL" on them.
 TrueType is a digital font technology designed
by Apple Computer, and now used by both
Apple and Microsoft in their operating
systems.

Microsoft has distributed millions of quality

TrueType fonts in hundreds of different styles,
including them in its range of products and
the popular TrueType Font Packs.

OpenType is an extension of the TrueType font

format. The OpenType font format allows
better support for international character sets
True type Font and provides broader multiplatform support.
The OpenType format allows both TrueType or
Adobe Type 1 outline fonts to be packaged as
a TrueType font.
A Unicode font is a computer font that maps glyphs to code
points defined in the Unicode Standard. The vast majority of
modern computer fonts use Unicode mappings, even those
fonts which only include glyphs for a single writing system, or
even only support the basic Latin alphabet.

Unicode is an international character encoding standard

that provides a unique number for every character across
languages and scripts, making almost all characters accessible
across platforms, programs, and devices.

Compared to ASCII, which uses only one byte to represent a

single character, Unicode uses up to four bytes. This gives it the
capability to support a wide variety of encoding systems.

Unicode is a more popular character set because it uses 2 bytes

16 bits. The Unicode Standard version 15.1 (released 12
September 2023) defines 149,813 encoded characters with
unique identifying names mapped to immutable code points.
The extra byte allows many different languages to be
represented, as well as thousands of symbols and emojis.
History of Television
The word comes from the Greek root tele, "far off,"
and the Latin visio, "sight."

Other names suggested at the time for this brand

new technology included telephote and televista.

An electronic system of transmitting transient

images of fixed or moving objects together with
sound over a wire or through space by apparatus
that converts light and sound into electrical waves
and reconverts them into visible light rays and
audible sound.
Benefit of Television Viewing
It helps us in receiving information.
Increase knowledge
Well-accessible source of current affairs
Learning about diverse cultures
Promotes family time
Best time pass for the elderly
Accessibility for the disabled
Boosts personality development
Inspires creativity
Source of low-cost entertainment
Disadvantages of Television Viewing
Negative health effects
Habit of multi-tasking
Exposure to inappropriate content
Biased reporting
Deceptive commercials
Breeds laziness
Results in procrastination
Negative impact on social life
Radio has sound, television content includes both
sound and visuals.

This audio visual character of television makes it a

magic medium which allows us to watch the world
from our drawing rooms. Audio visual media
T.V is a live media there are a large number of
people who cannot read or write.

Such people may not be able to read a newspaper,

but they can watch television.

Any one with a television receiver can access the

information shown on television.

This makes it an ideal medium to transmit messages

to a large audience.
Television can be used:
• to demonstrate processes or physical skills
• to show movement
• for those lacking reading skills
• to make distance learning more personalized
• to make teaching and learning more attractive,
and dynamic
Objectives of Television
To act as a catalyst for social change,

To promote national integration.

To stimulate greater agricultural production by

providing essential information and knowledge.

To Promote and help preservation of environment

and ecological balance.

To highlight the need for social welfare e.g welfare

of women, children and the less privileged.

To promote interest in games and sports.

John Baird is regarded as the father of television
John Baird is regarded as the father of television.
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) of Britain
began the first television service in 1936.
DATES TO REMEMBER

British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) of Britain

began the first television service of the world
Television broadcasts began in US1950s - Other
countries began television broadcasting on a wide
scale.
Television began in India on 15th September 1959
as an experiment.

There were only two one-hour programmes a week,

each of one hour duration.
1975-1976 SATELLITE INSTRUCTIONAL
TELEVISION EXPERIMENT (SITE)SITE was an
important step taken by India to use television for
development.

Other than agricultural information, health and

family planning were the other important topics
dealt with in these programmes. Entertainment was
also included in these telecasts in the form of
dance, music, drama, folk and rural art forms.
A major milestone in the history of Indian
television was the coverage of the Asian Games in
1982.

Doordarshan provided national coverage for the

first time through the satellite INSAT 1A. for the first
time, the transmission was in colour.
1982- DOORDARSHAN PROVIDED NATIONAL

COVERAGE FOR THE FIRST TIME THROUGH THE

SATELLITE INSAT 1A.

By 1983, government sanctioned a huge expansion

of Doordarshan. Several new transmitters were set
up throughout the country.

Thus towards the end of 80saround 75 per cent of

the population could be covered by the
transmitters.

Many of the programmes of Doordarshan like Hum

Log, Buniyaad and Nukkad were popular.
Commercialization of TV
Patriotic TV serials (kahan gaye wo log ) on DD post
the “golden era” is behind their predecessors.

The 1985 tv series kahan gaye wo log can be looked

upon as beginning of golden era of patriotic tv
broadcasting.

The first episode was being telecast on

29 Dec first ever daily soap, Hum Log (1984),
Buniyaad and comedy shows like Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi
(1984).

Ramayan and Mahabharat, Shaktimaan,

Hindi film songs based programs like Chitrahaar,
Rangoli, Ek Se Badkar Ek and Superhit Muqabla.
Crime thrillers like Karamchand
The first television advertisement in Asia
appeared on Nippon Television in Tokyo on August
28 in the year 1953.

The first television advertising that appeared in

India was on January 1 in the year 1976 for
Gwalior Suitings.
In 1972 television services were extended to a
second city—Mumbai.

By 1975 television stations came up in Calcutta,

Chennai, Srinagar, Amritsar and Lucknow.

In 1975-76 the Satellite Instructional Television

Experiment brought television programmes for
people in 2400 villages in the most inaccessible of
the least developed areas tlirough a satellite lent
to India for one year.
PUBLIC SERVICE CAMPAIGN

Agency: Films Division of India

Year: 1974
An animated short educational film titled ‘Ek
chidiya, anek chidiyan’ (One bird, many birds) was
released on public broadcaster Doordarshan. The
film, intended to teach the values of unity and
teamwork to children, became immensely
popular.
RASNA

Agency: Mudra Communications

Year: Mid-1980s
The Rasna girl’s ‘I love you, Rasna’ became an
iconic tagline, making the soft drink extremely
popular across the country.
ONLY VIMAL
Agency: Mudra Communications
Year: 1980s
The campaign series for the Reliance-owned
brand, created by Mudra Communications,
revolutionized fabric marketing in the country.
COMPLAN

Agency: Chaitra Advertising (now Leo Burnett)

Year: 1980s
The ad campaign in the early 1980s changed the
way child nutrition was perceived and promoted
in the country. The commercial, recalled for its
popular tagline ‘I’m a Complan boy and I’m a
Complan girl’ featured future Bollywood actors
Shahid Kapoor and Ayesha Takia.
VICKS

Agency: Ambience (now Publicis Ambience)

Year: 1982
The iconic jingle ‘Vicks ki goli lo, khich khich door
karo’ (Take a Vicks cough drop and get rid of itchy
throat) featuring the then young actor Jayant
Kripalani helped sell Vicks cough drops.
KINETIC LUNA
Agency: Ogilvy & Mather
Year: 1984-85
The ad, with the tagline ‘Chal meri Luna’ (Let’s go,
my Luna), made the 50cc moped category
aspirational, urging the Indian consumer to
graduate from a cycle to a scooter.
ERICSSON MOBILE

Agency: Nexus Advertising

Year: 1996
The ad featured a middle-aged man in a
restaurant mistaking words spoken by a woman to
a surprisingly small Ericsson phone as an invitation
to him. The commercial went on to win a Film
Lion at the Cannes Lions International Festival of
Creativity.
Who founded the Bauhaus?
- Walter Gropius

Where was Bauhaus founded?

- Weimar

What type of school was Bauhaus?

- An art school

In which year did the Bauhaus start offering architecture?

- 1927

Who was the architect-director in 1928 - 1930?

- Hannes Meyer

When was the Bauhaus founded?

- 1919

How long did Walter Gropius serve as the architect-director?

- 9

How long was the Bauhaus based in Dessau?

- 7

When was the Bauhaus shut down?

- 1933

In how many cities was Bauhaus located?

- 3

To which German city did the Bauhaus school move from its original location in Weimar?
- Dessau

Who among the following did not teach at the Bauhaus school?
- Marcel Duchamp

Why did the school close in 1933?

- The Nazis came to power.

Which design movement had a significant influence on the Bauhaus?

- Arts and Crafts

Which discipline was taught at the Bauhaus?

- All of these, Weaving, Pottery, Metalworking
The central focus of the Bauhaus design aesthetic was what?
- Sleek highly functional design

Bauhaus-style architecture would most likely feature what?

- Glass and steel

In which year, print media started in India?

- 1780

Which country test launched first 3D television Broadcast?

- China

What type of media helps advertisers demonstrate the benefits of using a particular product
and can bring life and energy to an advertiser's message?
- Broadcast media

Blogs allow users to maintain their own

- Websites

Sometimes by developers and users are considered online community services as

- Social networking service

The most influential part of the new web is__________

- Social Networking Sites (SNSs)

The first screening of a film by the Lumière brothers in India took place in the year______
at the Watson Hotel in Bombay.
- 1896

Advertising lacks ______________

- Direct Feedback

Advertising objectives do not include

- Making entertainment

All television content comes to our TV sets via____________

- Broadcast signals

__________ are contextual advertisements for the searched item that appear on the results
page of a search.
- Meta Ads

Aldine Press belongs to which place?

- Italy
First – generation Macintosh computer by Apple was introduced in...
- 1984

Who is considered as the Father of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence?

- Alan M. Turing

The term 'Computer Graphics' was first time coined by...

- William Fetter

Early bitmapped fonts in the first generation Macintosh Computer were designed by...
- Susan Kare

Type characters in PostScript fonts were generated as...

- Outlines

Who designed 'Univers' font?

- Adrian Frutiger

'Digi Grotesk' was introduced in...

- 1968

Who created PageMaker software for Macintosh Computer in 1985?

- Aldus

Who coined the term 'Desktop Publishing' ?

- Paul Brainerd

The first Bahaus School was started at...

- Weimar

Who developed the digital type family 'Stone'?

- Summer Stone

'Walker' typeface was designed by whom?

- Matthew Carter

What is the full form of HTTP?

- Hypertext Transfer Protocol

What is the full form of URL?

- Uniform Resource Locator

Compact Disc (CD) was introduced in India...

- 1980
Who designed newspaper typeface 'Gulliver' which was used in several newspapers of USA
and other European countries?
- Gerhard Unger

Who designed the typeface 'Bell Centennial' for AT&T?

- Matthew Carter

Who designed 'Diotima' typeface?

- Gudrun Zapf-von Hesse

A 'book' is an example of _________________ publication.

- Non Periodical

Who invented paper?

- Cai Lun

'Book of Kells' is an example of _______________ .

- Illuminated Manuscript

4K resolution is defined as__________.

- 3840 x 2160 pixels

Select the odd one which does not belong to Bauhaus School in Germany?
a. London b. Dessau c.Berlin d. Weimar

Who was the architect director of the Bauhaus School of Design in Weimar?
- Walter Gropius

Name the architect director of Bauhaus School at Berlin.

- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

Which one of the following is the correct time span for Bahaus School?
- 1919-1933

Which one of the following statements is true for Bauhaus School?

a. It was started to satisfy the needs of the king.
b. It was started to establish a new educational policy.
c. It was started to break the traditional techniques.
d. It was started to bridge the gap between art and industry.

Who applied the principles of Deutscher Werkbund design theories to the Bauhaus
curriculum?
- Walter Gropius

‘Bauhaus’ means…..
- Building House
Who produced the artwork called ‘Light Space Modulator’?
- Moholy Nagy

Who created Bauhaus’ typographic identity at Dessau?

- Herbert Bayer

Who were the designers of ITC Bauhaus typeface?

- Ed Benguiat and Victor Caruso

‘Gill Sans’ typeface was designed by….

- Eric Gill

‘Verdana’ typeface was designed by….

- Matthew Carter

‘Baskerville’ typeface was developed by….

- John Baskerville

‘Times New Roman’ typeface was developed by….

- Stanley Morison

‘Sabon’ typeface was designed by….

- Jan Tschichold

‘Kabel’ typeface was designed by….

- Rudolf Koch

Who developed ‘Sketchpad- A Man machine Graphical Communications System’?

- Ivan Sutherland

The full form of ‘CRT’ is…

- Cathode Ray Tube

Who designed the playing cards for solitaire game in Microsoft Windows 3.0?
- Susan Kare

In which type of fonts the ‘Quadratic Curves’ can be seen?

- True Type

‘Optima’ typeface was designed by…..

- Hermann Zapf

Identify the oldest printed book of china.

- The Diamond Sutra
The full form of DTH is….
- Direct to Home

What is called ‘SPINE’ in book construction?

- Thickness of a book

In which year the television was introduced to India?

- 1959

In which year the colour television was introduced to India?

- 1982