From

Empirical Research
to
Reports of Research
Debbie Lahav Ruppin Academic Center
 WHERE IS RESEARCH REPORTED? WHO IS THE TARGET
AUDIENCE? WHAT IS THE STYLE OF LANGUAGE?

• Academic journals
(empirical research articles)
– Audience: other academics and
some students
– Very detailed – Often requires a
lot of knowledge of the topic;
follows the format of empirical
research
 WHERE IS RESEARCH REPORTED? WHO IS THE TARGET
AUDIENCE? WHAT IS THE STYLE OF LANGUAGE?

Professional publications
• Audience: Other (working)
professionals in the field
• Less detailed – Focus is often
on the practical implementation
of the research
 WHERE IS RESEARCH REPORTED? WHO IS THE TARGET
AUDIENCE? WHAT IS THE STYLE OF LANGUAGE?

Popular magazines or
news outlets
• Audience: General population
with an interest in the topic
• Few details – Focus on the
findings and their implications
EMPIRICAL RESEARCH AND REPORT OF RESEARCH:
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION
EM P IRIC A L RES EA RC H A RT IC L E REP ORT ON RES EA RC H

• Topic of the research – Look at the • Topic of the research – Look at the
title title
• Abstract – mandatory • Summary – optional
• Introduction – the problem, previous • The “Problem” / Purpose of the Study
– Paragraph 1
research, the research questions
• The Method
• The Method
• The Findings
• The Results
• The Conclusion – Last paragraph/Title
• The Discussion
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
The report – published in a professional
magazine, website, or news outlet

Information comes from the Includes where the research

Original empirical research article – was conducted – A university
published in an academic journal or research institute
 CITING SOURCES OF INFORMATION
EMP IRIC A L RES EA RCH REP ORT OF RES EA RC H
• Electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) are becoming more
• A Denver Post analysis of the data and
common in western countries. They account for more than
15% of total bicycle sales in Switzerland and the coroner reports provide…
Netherlands (Fishman and Cherry, 2015), about • According to NHTSA data, from 2013-
12% in Austria…. 2016, there was a 40 percent increase…..
• Schleinitz et al. (2014) concluded that e-bike users…. • The paper's authors, from Dalhousie
• References University, reviewed nine studies…..
Arthur,W., Bell, S.T., Edwards, B.D., Day, E.A., Tubre,T.C.,Tubre, A.H.,
2005. Convergence of self-report and archival crash involvement data: a
• "What we saw was an additive effect, not
two-year longitudinal followup. Hum. Factors 47 (2), 303–313. a synergistic effect, when we put them
Arthur,W.,Tubre,T., Day, E.A., Sheehan, M.K., Sanchez-Ku, M.L., Paul, D., together," said Tim Brown, associate
Paulus, L., Archuleta, K., 2001. Motor vehicle crash involvement and
moving violations: Convergence of self-report and archival data. Hum.
research scientist at NADS and
Factors 43 (1), 1–11. corresponding author of the study.
Christiansen, H., Skougaard, B.Z., 2015. Documentation of the
Danish…..
TAKE A LOOK…..

Abstract Summary
 THE LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH
The language of empirical research and reports of empirical research is often the same.
abstract A paragraph before the text
that summarizes the article
citation Gives the source (the
name(s) of the authors
where the information was
taken) in the body of the
text
effect Result or outcome of an
experiment
factor The cause or reason that
determines a result
findings The results of research or an
experiment
references The list of sources at the
end of an article
sample A small part of anything,
representative of the whole
significant A statistically meaningful result
effect
source Where the article comes from
(e.g. journal, textbook, etc.)
subjects The human participants in the
study
verify Check the truth of (something) by
investigation
variable The object, event, idea, belief, time
period, or any other type of
category you are trying to
measure
TAKE A LOOK…..