Lagrange’s Interpolation formula If y = f(z) takes the value yo,y1,..-,Yn corresponding to x = zo. Z},....0y then _ _(- 4%) (x~2 f = (20 — ) (2 = 22) This is known as Lagrange’s interpolation formula for unequal intervals. Proof: Let y = f (xz) be a function which takes the values (x9, yo), (1, Y1),5 (Tus Yn). Since there are n + 1 pairs of values of x and y, we can represent f(z) by a polynomial in x of degree n. Let this polynomial be of the form y = f(a) = ag (a — 4) (a ~ 2)... (x ~ a») +a (x ©) (a — a)... (a — t,) + ay (x — a9) (w — 24) (2 —ag)...(@ — tees tan (@ = a9) (@ — 2)... Putting x = x, y = yo in equation (2), we get Yo = Ao (49 ~ 11) (9 — 2)... (29 — tp) _ Yo ; [(@o — a1) (to — 2)... (9 = 2n)] Similarly putting x = a1, y = y: in equation (2), we have yi [ vo) (1 — 2)... (%, — @p)| proceeding the same way, we find ay, a3,...@n. Substituting the values of ap, @1,...,@, in equation (2), we get the result: (1) Obs. Lagrange’s formula can be applied whether the values x; are equally spaced or not.Question 1 Given the values z [5 [7 [" |i [iv [Fay [180 [398 [1480 [366 [sone Evaluate f(9), using Lagrange’s and Newton's divided difference for- mulae i) Lagrange’s interpolation formula: Here w= 0, 2)=7, m=11, 23=13, a=17 Yo = 150, y, = 392, yo = 1452, ys = 2366, yy = 5202. Putting x = 9 and substituting the above values in Lagrange’s formula, we get 7) x 392 DT) 5) ( (7- 9 — 13) (9 — 2) (9 = 18) (9 — 13) (9 x 1452 ( 1 a x 2366 7) (9 — 11) (9 - 13) — 7) (17 = 11) (17 — 13) 50 | 3136 | 3872 _ 2366 | 578 15 Sages) x 5202 = 810