PICTORIAL DRAWING

Prepared By: Mrs. C. Salmon

 ISOMETRIC
WHAT IS ISOMETRIC DRAWING?

ISOMETRIC DRAWING IS THE FIRS T SUBC ATEGORY OF PICTORIAL DRAWING.

ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS PROJECT ALL SIDES OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT
IN A NON-FORESHORTENED WAY. IT IS BASED ON 30° ANGLES AND THE SAME
SC ALE IS USED FOR ALL AXES.
All geometrical forms can easily be depicted without the foreshortening effect if you use the isometric drawing
method. This means that you can also draw very complex mechanical structures isometrically as engineers do, for
example. Look at this example below.
 OBLIQUE
OBLIQUE DRAWING DEPICTS THE FRONT VIEW OF A 3D OBJECT WITH THE
SIDELINES EMERGING AT A 45° ANGLE FROM THE FRONT SIDE TO THE BAC K.
OPPOSING ISOMETRIC DRAWING, OBLIQUE DRAWING DOESN'T DEPICT AN
OBJECT WITH AN EDGE IN THE FOREGROUND.
NORMALLY THESE LINES THAT GO TO THE BAC K ARE SHORTENED BY 50% TO
MAKE THE OBJECT LOOK REALIS TIC. THIS METHOD IS C ALLED C ABINET AND IS
ONE OF THE T WO OBLIQUE DRAWING WAYS THAT ARE POSSIBLE. THE OTHER
TEC HNIQUE IS C ALLED C AVALIER.

C AVALIER DRAWINGS WITHIN THE OBLIQUE DRAWING METHOD ARE

DEPICTING THESE SIDELINES AT THEIR FULL LENGTH. YOU C AN SEE THE EXACT
DIFFERENCE IN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLE IMAGE.
OBLIQUES DRAWING C AN ALSO BE USED TO CREATE VERY DIFFICULT DRAWINGS OF
HIGHLY COMPLEX TEC HNOLOGIC AL OR MEC HANIC AL OBJECTS. MANY DIFFERENT
GEOMETRIC AL OBJECTS C AN COME TOGETHER FOR THESE MORE COMPLEX OBLIQUE
DRAWING. ONE EXAMPLE WOULD BE THIS DRAWING OF THE C AMERA BELOW. IT
SHOWS US THE FRONT SIDE OF AN OBJECT WHIC H IS THE FIRS T OBLIQUE DRAWING
BOX WE C AN C HEC K. THERE ARE NO VANISHING POINTS AND THE SIDELINES ARE
NOT CONVERGING BUT ARE PARALLEL WITH EAC H OTHER. FURTHERMORE, IF YOU
HAVE BEEN PAYING ATTENTION SO FAR, YOU C AN SEE IF IT’S A C ABINET OR A
C AVALIER DRAWING. C AN YOU TELL WHIC H ONE IT IS?
IT IS A C ABINET DRAWING BEC AUSE IT SHOWS THE C AMERA AS IF WE WERE
LOOKING AT IT. IT WOULD BE A C AVALIER DRAWING IF THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE
C AMERA AND THE TOP AREA WOULD HAVE THEIR REAL DIMENSIONS. HERE THEY ARE
SC ALED DOWN TO LOOK REALIS TIC.
 PERSPECTIVE
WHAT IS PERSPECTIVE DRAWING?

PERSPECTIVE DRAWING IS A DRAWING TEC HNIQUE THAT ALLOWS THE ARTIS T TO

PROJECT THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECTS AS A HUMAN WOULD ACTUALLY SEE THEM.
THIS METHOD ALWAYS INCLUDES LINES CONVERGING INTO ONE OR UP TO SIX SO-
C ALLED VANISHING POINTS.
WE DIFFERENTIATE THE TEC HNIQUE WITH MULTIPLE SUBC ATEGORIES. ONE POINT
PERSPECTIVE TO SIX POINT PERSPECTIVE. THE NAME IS ALWAYS HINTING AT THE
NUMBER OF VANISHING POINTS THE LINES C AN CONVERGE INTO.

ONE POINT AND T WO POINT PERSPECTIVE ARE THE MOS T USED ONES IN DRAWING.
THREE POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS C AN OFTEN BE SEEN IN CIT Y DRAWINGS.
FOUR, FIVE AND SIX POINT PERSPECTIVES ARE BARELY USED IN DRAWING BEC AUSE IT
IS RATHER DIFFICULT AND DOESN'T SERVE ONE PARTICUL AR PURPOSE. LET'S SAY,
THESE KINDS OF PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS ARE SUITED FOR THE MORE CURIOUS
ARTIS TS WHO ARE WILLING TO EXPERIMENT A LOT.
You can also use the one point perspective to draw a street in a city as seen below.
Two point perspective is perfectly suited and often used for depicting an architectural building as if you would look
diagonal at it and not directly from in front of it. Most architects use this method to design modern houses and entire
city blocks.
The three point perspective drawing craftsmanship allows you to draw an architectural building or multiple buildings
from two main perspectives. You can either depict your buildings as if you were observing them from above like a bird
or from below.
Four, ve, and six point perspective drawings are very rarely used in architecture. They can generally be found only
fi
sporadically throughout the Internet. Nevertheless, here are a few examples.
1. Planometric - This technique is called planometric because it includes a plan of one plane of the object describing the
top view on the object. As the other additional types and oblique drawing planometric view also has parallel lines
instead of converging ones as in perspective. Planometric drawings can be based on two 45° angles. The second way
to create a planometric drawing is the so-called 30/60 method. This basically means that you don't have two 45°
angles but one 30° and one 60° angle. This makes the subject you're drawing appear more like you're looking at it
from a top-down view. The initial approach of drawing stays the same and only the angles change.

The following link includes additional reading material related to all the different types of pictorial drawings in
addition to a more detailed view on planometric projection:
https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/architecture-drawing-projections/