1

1. The theory is interesting enough, but is 6. Though it is fashionable to denounce

it ----? . negative campaigning, every political
expert knows it can be ---- effective..
A) solvable
A) defiantly
B) expressive
B) suitably
C) intensive
C) extremely
D) coherent
D) sensitively
E) resistant
E) lately
2. Heart disease, stroke and lung cancer -
---constitute 35 per cent of all deaths in 7. The Maastricht Treaty, which laid down
the US.. the rules for euro membership, says that
governments may not have budget ---- of
more than 3% of their GDP..
A) together

B) readily A) deficits
C) exactly B) restrictions
D) fairly C) rates
E) well D) allocations

E) assets
3. In the life sciences, biologists need to be
more aware of the ---- between science
and technology. . 8. The search for truth ---- rational
guidelines, and, though some of our
subjects may lie on the outer limits of
A) approach
scientific research, we examine them
B) departure through science’s lens..

C) complexity A) demands
D) extremity B) relates
E) gap C) reaches

4. In 1968, Bermuda, which used to be a D) orders

British colony, was ---- a new
E) establishes
constitution and autonomy except for
foreign relations, defence and internal
security.. 9. Only a few foods supply ---- amounts of
vitamin D, notably those derived from
animals..
A) leased

B) exploited A) decisive
C) appropriated B) significant
D) granted C) compulsive
E) abolished D) previous

E) alien
5. The European Commission is opposed to
any ----change in current banking
practices..

A) reluctant

B) emotional

C) relentless

D) crucial

E) resentful
10. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if science and 15. Anthony Powell, the contemporary
scientists were taken more ---- in the British novelist, shows in his writing
political process?. great familiarity with the work of Proust
while avoiding much direct ---- to him..
A) sullenly
A) interest
B) seriously
B) dependence
C) satisfactorily
C) quotation
D) ingeniously
D) reference
E) pretentiously
E) obsession
11. A strong ---- exists between a country‘s
wealth and the freedom afforded its 16. The survivors of the shipwreck who were
citizens.. able to reach the land, decided to ---- a
fire and wait to be rescued..
A) coincidence
A) make
B) correlation
B) do
C) consideration
C) show
D) determination
D) set
E) interpretation
E) put
12. They —— that their team is far better
than ours and they expect to win the 17. Due to its geographical position, ----
forthcoming match.. historical heritage, and strategic
importance, Strasbourg was chosen as a
seat for various European institutions..
A) claim

B) regard A) familiar
C) include B) rich
D) prefer C) fluent
E) object D) elective

E) subsequent
13. A combination of factors made the 1984
accident in a storage tank at a Union
Carbide plant in India almost ----.. 18. In spite of the widespread effects of
Christianity on the Anglo-Saxons, they
clung ---- to many of the superstitions
A) crucial
and customs from their pagan past..
B) inevitable
A) hardly
C) vulnerable
B) firmly
D) bearable
C) rapidly
E) permanent
D) fairly
14. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- in
E) urgently
France, Denmark and Sweden,
cohabitation has become almost as
common as marriage. .

A) completely

B) deceptively

C) notably

D) voluntarily

E) relatively
19. Many cell phones now have the same ---- 24. I tried hard to ---- why the motor would
as personal computers.. have to be replaced, but he couldn’t
understand what I was trying to say..
A) functionality
A) insist
B) ambition
B) complain
C) care
C) reply
D) worry
D) inform
E) attentiveness
E) explain
20. The melting of all the ice mass in the
Arctic would ---- the sea level by several 25. Although he is an engineer, he is as ——
metres.. as any carpenter at making kitchen
furniture..
A) establish
A) forceful
B) preserve
B) genuine
C) raise
C) skilful
D) restore
D) extravagant
E) spoil
E) current
21. With the Soviet Union in decline in 1990,
the United States emerged as the ---- 26. Consumers in the Gulf countries have ----
superpower.. higher real purchasing power because of
sustained low inflation..
A) excessive
A) inclusively
B) accurate
B) expensively
C) sole
C) considerably
D) initial
D) faintly
E) adequate
E) bilaterally
22. Roman numerals are expressed by
letters of the alphabet and are ---- used 27. Several of my friends have entered the -
today except for formality or variety.. ---, but none of them expects to win..

A) courteously A) performance

B) arguably B) application

C) consecutively C) competition

D) equivalently D) responsibility

E) rarely E) vacancy

23. During a family discussion on our next 28. The market for computers and all related
holiday plans, my father asked me for goods has been ---- rapidly in recent
my ——.. years. .

A) opposition A) reaching

B) reason B) expanding

C) disappointment C) exploring

D) suggestion D) exceeding

E) denial E) disturbing
29. He’s a terribly ---- person and never 34. The army psychologists ---- initiated
thinks at all of the needs or the wishes treatment, and so he soon regained his
of other people.. confidence as a soldier..

A) nervous A) promptly

B) sensitive B) vaguely

C) extravagant C) obviously

D) reliable D) relunctantly

E) selfish E) imminently

30. At times during the last Ice Age the 35. William Wordsworth was a poet of
North Atlantic thermohaline circulation nature, and had the special ---- to throw
was ---- weaker than it is today. . charm over ordinary things..

A) pleasantly A) ability

B) rarely B) verse

C) considerably C) topic

D) directly D) admiration

E) fully E) illusion

31. They still haven’t come to an ---- about 36. Ireland is in the Atlantic Ocean and ----
which play they are going to put on next from Great Britain by the Irish Sea..
term..
A) established
A) opinion
B) occupied
B) assessment
C) placed
C) appointment
D) inhabited
D) agreement
E) separated
E) event
37. No one knows for certain when the first
32. The tourists had intended to walk along Anglo-Saxon settlements were made in
the coast to the next town but were ---- Britain, but it is---- that some of them at
from doing so by the stormy weather.. any rate were founded about the middle
of the fifth century A.D..
A) deceived
A) temporary
B) influenced
B) vital
C) compelled
C) probable
D) encouraged
D) contemporary
E) prevented
E) urgent
33. The company is not only looking for well-
qualified people; it also wants them to 38. The chief of police finally agreed to
be ----about their work.. release news of the accident, but he did
so —— ..
A) enthusiastic
A) regularly
B) comprehensive
B) extremely
C) relevant
C) terribly
D) indifferent
D) reasonably
E) convenient
E) reluctantly
39. All teenagers have ----; the problem is to 44. Although it is dying out in the towns,
teach them to exploit it to the best folk dance is still a vibrant tradition in
advantage.. Turkish villages, as you may well see if
you ---- a traditional wedding party..
A) destiny
A) involve
B) compulsion
B) attend
C) potential
C) demonstrate
D) preference
D) consist
E) significance
E) relieve
40. Geologists have ---- that Africa was once
warmer and wetter than it is today.. 45. Australia, which is normally a grains
exporting country, has started importing
wheat and corn to meet a shortage
A) explored
resulting from a ---- drought..
B) discovered
A) widespread
C) surveyed
B) hostile
D) searched
C) sustainable
E) experimented
D) secular
41. James Joyce was born and educated in
E) restrictive
Ireland but spent most of his ---- life in
Europe, mainly in France, Italy and
Switzerland.. 46. I met your father once years ago, but I
can ----remember him..
A) superficial
A) hardly
B) adult
B) enormously
C) competitive
C) extremely
D) coherent
D) immensely
E) precise
E) simultaneously
42. As she grew older, it became ---- difficult
for her to do the shopping.. 47. The religion of the Hittites was based
upon ---- of a sun goddess and a storm
god..
A) eventually

B) increasingly A) wonder
C) doubtfully B) invention
D) adequately C) survival
E) reluctantly D) worship

E) display
43. Have they come to a ---- yet on whether
to move to Izmir or stay in Antalya?.
48. Films quite often focus on journalism,
and from time to time they have
A) disturbance
critically examined and ----this
B) suggestion profession..

C) reversal A) succeeded
D) conflict B) deserved
E) decision C) denied

D) influenced

E) suspected
49. After decades of speculation 54. The meridians are ---- counted from the
astronomers now have fairly ---- meridian of the observatory of
information concerning the basic Greenwich, in England, which is called
features of our universe.. the zero meridian..

A) desperate A) traditionally

B) preventive B) suitably

C) reluctant C) previously

D) accurate D) notably

E) respective E) markedly

50. Frederick Taylor is ---- known as the 55. The first ---- of Australia were the
founder of the scientific management Aborigines, who migrated there at least
movement.. 40, 000 years ago from Southeast Asia..

A) alternatively A) inhabitants

B) fluently B) guests

C) hopefully C) population

D) widely D) citizens

E) sensitively E) troops

51. The success of the classical record 56. Louis Armstrong, the jazz singer and
industry is largely due to the high trumpet player, was ---- for his warm
quality of the ----.. trumpet tone and his gravelly voice..

A) descriptions A) thought

B) audiences B) admired

C) sales C) found

D) articles D) played

E) products E) proven

52. Marathon-training schedules range from 57. I was a ---- child and so I used to make
four to six months and they all ---- up stories and hold conversations with
considerable discipline.. imaginary people..

A) require A) painful

B) reduce B) selfish

C) imply C) consistent

D) combine D) charming

E) improve E) lonely

53. Ideally, museums should have lots of

public money, ---- space to exhibit most
of their treasures and enough staff to
look after them..

A) grateful

B) sufficient

C) incredible

D) portative

E) radiant
58. Finland, which is three times the size of 63. It was the only school for miles around
Ohio, is---- forested and contains and so all the children in the ---- went to
thousands of lakes, numerous rivers and the same school..
extensive areas of marshland..
A) situation
A) mutually
B) property
B) exactly
C) department
C) heavily
D) neighbourhood
D) currently
E) circumstance
E) profoundly
64. Western governments that have always -
59. The new version of the Night Sky ---financial support for research are now
programme has various ---- that make it planning to cut down this support, which
much more enjoyable than the first will mean ending several research
version.. projects..

A) extracts A) rejected

B) totals B) provided

C) additions C) spent

D) needs D) discouraged

E) disappointments E) applied

60. When a company makes the commitment 65. Much has been written about the
to go international, it must ---- an entry outbreak of war in 1914, but the
strategy.. question of who was ---- is still being
debated..
A) separate
A) desirable
B) resist
B) responsible
C) damage
C) compulsive
D) strike
D) peaceful
E) choose
E) adequate
61. Queen Elizabeth I established a strong
central government that received the ---- 66. Volunteer fire brigades, unlike
support of her people.. professional ones, ---- have the training
to deal with big or complicated fires..
A) loyal
A) secretly
B) favourite
B) suddenly
C) capable
C) rarely
D) sensitive
D) reasonably
E) fluent
E) convincingly
62. In spite of much research into the
subject, we still only ---- know how and
why tornadoes form..

A) likely

B) truly

C) ideally

D) partially

E) fairly
67. A vital problem facing us this century is 72. By the 2nd century A.D., peace and order
the ---- of global warming.. once more ---- in Rome's outlying
provinces..
A) collection
A) delivered
B) provision
B) exceeded
C) issue
C) prevailed
D) disturbance
D) restrained
E) expression
E) resisted
68. Almost 40 per cent of the European
Union’s energy ---- from oil, and its 73. It is not clear whether bald eagles are
economy is dependent on a continuous, directly ----for driving away golden
reliable, and affordable supply.. eagles in California’s Channel Islands..

A) emerges A) responsible

B) derives B) stable

C) comes C) cautious

D) flows D) particular

E) arises E) reasonable

69. She seems ---- to take part in the quiz 74. Stewart, a young and ---- talented British
programme.. historian, has written a book on the
impact of World War II on British
politics..
A) reluctant

B) hard-working A) convincingly
C) selfish B) remarkably
D) loyal C) directly
E) delicate D) continually

E) crucially
70. In his final years of office, President
Clinton maintained a ---- low profile but
took several major trips overseas.. 75. Pandas consume 18 kg of woody bamboo
daily, which provides almost 99 per cent
of their dietary----..
A) certainly

B) randomly A) measurements
C) strongly B) needs
D) plainly C) achievements
E) relatively D) expectations

E) supplements
71. If you go down to the woods in August, it
is easy to get the ---- that the birds, like
so many of us, are on holiday..

A) notice

B) desire

C) consciousness

D) impression

E) evidence
76. The European System of Central Banks,
which ---- a single monetary policy for
the euro zone, consists of the European
Central Bank in Frankfurt together with
15 national central banks..
A) regulates
B) signifies
C) expresses
D) provokes
E) acquires
81. After the earthquake in 1999, the
77. Researchers who publish their work in
scientific journals describe their
experiments in ---- detail to be
independently performed by other
scientists..
80. Since the 1951 takeover of Tibet by
China, Tibetans have occasionally,
but unsuccessfully, ---- against their
Chinese masters..
A) settled
B) bargained
C) allied
D) proposed
E) revolted
government was accused of not having
provided enough supervision of builders,
whose ---- construction of housing
increased the destruction and added to
the number of dead..

A) fair A) expensive

B) harsh B) unattractive

C) temporary C) beautiful

D) sufficient D) faulty

E) irrelevant E) disappointed

78. Fire-fighting and the training methods 82. His novels have been ---- praised for the
employed are becoming ---- complex.. superbuse of colloquial language..

A) previously A) rapidly

B) plainly B) strangely

C) partly C) suddenly

D) courageously D) safely

E) extremely E) widely

79. Stavanger is probably the wealthiest 83. An estimated $4 billion over the next
town in Norway, and its ---- derives five years will cover the cost of ----
mainly from oil taken from the North immunizing children in developing
Sea.. countries..

A) enlargement A) undeniably

B) prosperity B) abruptly

C) availability C) fully

D) emergence D) currently

E) arousal E) actively
84. Football owes many of its early 88. If you think the only ---- of light is to
innovations to just a few individual enable us to see, you couldn’t be more
players and coaches who thought deeply wrong because it affects us both
about the ---- of the game.. physically and mentally..

A) experiments A) ability

B) results B) work

C) fundamentals C) function

D) possessions D) support

E) associations E) responsibility

85. The Chinese government has ----Morocco
a 6.4 million USD loan for the
construction of three dams to supply
drinking water to the country's rural
areas..
89. French law ---- that all food products
sold in France should have the contents
listed in French..
A) stipulates

A) invested B) dominates

B) allocated C) suspends

C) estimated D) confides

D) ranged E) treats

E) ventured
90. Films with a great deal of violence in
them are not---- for young children..
86. To make her characters ----, the author
includes many events from her own
A) suitable
remarkable life..
B) separate
A) enormous
C) urgent
B) memorable
D) distinct
C) regrettable
E) complete
D) measurable
91. As scientific evidence ---- shows, second-
E) practical
hand smoking is a serious health hazard
that can lead to disease in children and
87. At all times and in all societies, the nonsmoking adults..
tendency to commit crime ---- increases
in early adolescence and levels off in
A) unfairly
middle age..
B) hopefully
A) randomly
C) incompetently
B) intentionally
D) unremarkably
C) adequately
E) clearly
D) usually

E) accurately
92. Europe’s deep-ocean margin, stretching 96. The successful ---- of developing
from the Arctic to the Mediterranean and countries into world trade requires more
to the Black Sea, contains an ---- of than just open access to export markets
biological energy and mineral resources.. and international trade rules..

A) extension A) contribution

B) influence B) investment

C) abundance C) integration

D) element D) reduction

E) assumption E) resignation

93. The respectability that Britain ---- on 97. The origins of stress vary from person
America's actions is worth more to to person, and people ---- differently to
America than the provision of any stressful events..
amount of military aid..
A) refer
A) transmits
B) rely
B) proclaims
C) adopt
C) distributes
D) react
D) commissions
E) appeal
E) confers
98. In determining ---- points of law, judges
94. Ever since the ---- remains of ancient will generally decide in accordance with
states and cities were first discovered, the pattern of previously decided cases..
the collapse of their civilizations has
been a focus of debate and inquiry..
A) temporary

A) consistent B) unfortunate

B) implicit C) uncertain

C) vulnerable D) vulnerable

D) competent E) inaccessible

E) impressive
99. Taxation in Italy is ---- indirect; for
instance, customs, excise and tobacco
95. The economic position of the country is - duties account for a very large
---improving as a result of recent proportion..
measures taken by the government..
A) conceivably
A) previously
B) efficiently
B) indifferently
C) abundantly
C) carelessly
D) predominantly
D) gradually
E) doubtfully
E) readily
100. In cases involving children’s injuries,
the most effective ---- are directed at
parents..

A) benefits

B) exceptions

C) purposes

D) disturbances

E) interventions
2
1. The world’s forests provide many ---- 6. Since many people are unaware of the
benefits, such as prevention of soil miseries of poverty and hunger, it is ----
erosion, as well as commercially easy for them to feel contented..
important timber..
A) painfully
A) severe
B) barely
B) dependent
C) violently
C) extinct
D) offensively
D) desperate
E) usually
E) valuable
7. Countries need to utilize the full scope
2. As a migraine develops, pain ---- worsens of appropriate policies to maintain
and chemicals from the brain stems financial stability in the face of shocks to
cause spasms in the brain’s blood avoid abrupt economic ----..
vessels..
A) provisions
A) recklessly
B) similarities
B) progressively
C) opportunities
C) productively
D) fluctuations
D) confidentially
E) precautions
E) synthetically
8. Anaesthetics are drugs given to patients
3. The ---- between exports of goods and before undergoing surgery to ---- the
services and imports of goods and sense of feeling either in a localized area
services is known as the current account or across the whole body..
balance..
A) attract
A) identity
B) reflect
B) favour
C) reduce
C) difference
D) approve
D) deficiency
E) evaluate
E) privacy
9. He’s nearly 80 years old but still works
4. Trade in mineral products, a category for a couple of firms in an ____ capacity..
that includes everything from copper ore
to oil, ---- an important part of the world
A) inessential
trade..
B) irrelevant
A) prevents
C) elective
B) deceives
D) advisory
C) invites
E) injudicious
D) forms

E) manufactures

5. He was absolutely _____ in his refusal to allow

any more workers to be made redundant..

A) determined

B) decadent

C) disturbed

D) shy

E) diffident
10. At present the rate of economic
growth is very satisfactory,  but
_____ when foreign competition
makes itself felt this will not be
the case..
15. As the conditions of the expedition are
likely to be severe, you had better take
necessary ____.
A) trials

A) enthusiastically B) precautions

B) eventually C) efforts

C) considerably D) objections

D) effectively E) attempts

E) preferably
16. Each species has the capacity to produce
more offspring than will ---- to maturity..
11. The ---- of potassium in the human body
is dramatically demonstrated when too
A) conform
much or too little of it is secreted..
B) present
A) comparison
C) recognize
B) attribution
D) suggest
C) significance
E) survive
D) marginality
17. At the opening of the new production of
E) demand
Aida the guest soprano gave a superb, a
truly____ performance..
12. Although China has, in recent years,
made notable advances, particularly in
A) dazzling
manufacturing, agriculture will long ----
fundamental to the economy.. B) declining

A) produce C) disappointing

B) differ D) recalling

C) extend E) degrading

D) remain 18. We will have to hire more workers soon;

we can’t put it off ____ ..
E) resist

A) plainly
13. The topics included in the conference
programme are not as ____ as one might B) supremely
have hoped..
C) emphatically
A) obsessed D) intensely
B) illuminated E) indefinitely
C) preoccupied
19. To be a leader it is not enough to be
D) varied hard working and knowledgeable; one
must also be able to inspire ____ ..
E) disposed

A) denial
14. The criticism he made concerning the
annual fiscal report was ____ to the B) restraint
point..
C) discretion
A) remarkably
D) confidence
B) immediately
E) reservation
C) incessantly

D) preferably

E) incompetently
20. Traditionally, medicine has taken a 24. As the automotive sector continues to -
paternalistic stance towards patients, --- its operations, it creates even more
with the all-knowing physician ---- jobs and opportunities in the
wisdom from on high, but that is communities where it does business..
becoming increasingly unacceptable..
A) settle
A) informing
B) extract
B) withdrawing
C) expand
C) requesting
D) contract
D) providing
E) reduce
E) commenting
25. Unfortunately, few children behave in
21. The development of the experimental such a ____ manner towards the old and
method to verify the theories had the infirm..
____effect and there was a rapid increase
in scientific knowledge..
A) ridiculous

A) adverse B) considerate

B) reluctant C) restricted

C) appropriate D) fragile

D) erroneous E) progressive

E) partial
26. Bartok was influenced as much by the
musical innovations of Debuasy and
22. They have had to agree to provide Starvinsky as by East European,
freelunches, but obviously they have had ____Hungarian, folk music..
done so____ ..
A) exceedingly
A) faultlessly
B) notably
B) precisely
C) appropriately
C) exceedingly
D) vehemently
D) reluctantly
E) adequately
E) extraordinarily
27. When they called Bronson to head office
23. One major aim of the new constitution is I’m quite sure it was not their ____ to
to prevent the ____ of power by any promote him to branch manager..
majority..
A) avidity
A) misuse
B) impression
B) compromise
C) prediction
C) completion
D) disposition
D) issue
E) intention
E) existence
28. Patients diagnosed with identical 32. All organisms have some capacity to
cancers and given similar therapies of adapt to environmental changes, but the
radiation and chemotherapy often ---- extent of this adaptive capacity ----
very differently.. greatly..

A) correspond A) executes

B) approach B) varies

C) identify C) discards

D) respond D) abolishes

E) emerge E) merges

29. It now appears that while US leaders are
still willing for the nation to exert itself
abroad and give large amounts of
foreign assistance, the American public
is ____ to go along with these policies..
33. In view of the severe economic
recession his appointment to this
office was regarded as highly_____.
A) refutable

A) spontaneous B) compulsory

B) precarious C) persuasive

C) competitive D) appropriate

D) reluctant E) considerable

E) deliberate
34. His study of the situation covers
a great deal of relevant material
30. The surgeon was ____ embarrassed to but does not tackle the real
learn that a piece of bandage had been issues_____enough..
left inside the abdomen..
A) disturbingly
A) outstandingly
B) outrageously
B) nervously
C) vaguely
C) sensitively
D) adequately
D) loosely
E) currently
E) extremely
35. The special committee has been called to
31. As regards the proposals for the treaty discuss in detail the ____ in higher
on economic co-operation, my education..
government has certain _____ concerning
them..
A) retention

A) complications B) references

B) reservations C) apologies

C) disturbances D) reliance

D) restrictions E) innovations

E) reductions
36. Roasting some green vegetables makes
them as acidic as carbonated drinks, and
---- to dental erosion..

A) maintains

B) enables

C) prevents

D) contributes

E) converts
37. I don’t approve of the methods he is 42. Unless you use your computer ----, you
using, but his ____ aim, as regards the can't expect it to function well..
project, is admirable..
A) surely
A) conclusive
B) particularly
B) ultimate
C) recently
C) controversial
D) properly
D) convenient
E) soundly
E) deplorable
43. Many of the pictures sent from
38. It is ____ surprising that the art of outer space are presently
ancient America remains the most on_____in the public library..
mysterious and the least accessible..
A) duty
A) urgently
B) display
B) notably
C) account
C) indifferently
D) exchange
D) elaborately
E) reinforcement
E) hardly
44. When two or more atoms ----, they form
39. They raised no ____ to his prolonged a molecule..
leave of absence since they didn’t want
to lose him altogether..
A) depart

A) refutation B) eradicate

B) refusal C) combine

C) objection D) correlate

D) refund E) withdraw

E) compulsion
45. It is only too obvious that the majority of
children in the developing countries
40. For the control of the deadly brain aren’t receiving ____ nourishment..
disease in cows (BSE), surveillance is
being stepped up in Canada, but the US
A) adequate
claims to be testing enough cattle
already to ---- the risk.. B) consistent

A) assert C) successive

B) assess D) collective

C) consult E) respectable

D) exceed 46. The allocation made by the budget

committee can be used ____ to finance
E) discourage
work on child health..

41. He’s clever, he seems to know by

A) plainly
instinct where someone is ____ and
strikes there.. B) excessively

A) conceited C) extremely

B) sufficient D) remarkably

C) vulnerable E) solely

D) informative

E) critical
47. Surely no one on the Council would dare
to dispute the _____ of his dismissal..
A) recurrence
52. In an aircraft, the cabin lights are
dimmed during take-off and landing to
help passengers to ---- themselves to
darkness in the event of an emergency..

B) promotion A) modify
C) legitimacy B) accustom
D) adoption C) resume
E) inference D) associate

E) relate
48. The general feeling in the court was that
several of the witnesses were -
----information that could have a direct 53. The argument he has put forward is
bearing upon the case.. hardly____ with the information we have
so far received on the case..
A) expressing
A) reflective
B) withholding
B) representative
C) avoiding
C) arbitrary
D) disrupting
D) resistant
E) declining
E) compatible
49. In the case of opera, the benefits of
being able to experience the whole 54. What really surprised everybody was
production from the comfort of your that he saved the company from
armchair are very ----.. bankruptcy quite____ ..

A) subtle A) extremely

B) demonstrative B) relatively

C) deliberate C) dependently

D) excessive D) single-handedly

E) attractive E) responsively

50. I have looked through the report, but I 55. The ____ concerning total disarmament
must admit, only ____ .. have broken down without leading any
fruitful results..
A) carefully
A) intentions
B) thoroughly
B) complaints
C) superficially
C) negotiations
D) seriously
D) commitments
E) experimentally
E) involvements
51. In the Philippines, with its numerous
scandals and continuing power struggle,
the public is frustrated, and economic -
--- is in jeopardy..

A) progress

B) decline

C) recession

D) depression

E) failure
56. Japan is often ----- as an example of a
country that has managed to keep its
national defence orientated industries
entirely separate from foreign-owned
companies..
60. The American constitution with its
various constraints ----- to protect
citizens, can actually shield criminals..
A) discovered

A) deduced B) complained

B) delayed C) persuaded

C) deceived D) designed

D) withdrawn E) displayed

E) cited
61. He devised an _____ scheme whereby the
rate of unemployment in the country
57. North Korea is ---- to abandon its could be brought down sharply..
nuclear programme without specific
security guarantees from America and
A) irrelevant
promises of lots of aid..
B) unstable
A) sincere
C) ingenious
B) nasty
D) untamed
C) boastful
E) illegible
D) unlikely
62. Few, if any, of the statements could be
E) provisional
____substantiated by concrete
experimental evidence..
58. The Chief of the Intelligence Service told
me____ that there would soon be several
A) intentionally
important changes made in the
organisation.. B) successively

A) crucially C) restrictedly

B) skilfully D) impressively

C) confidentially E) conclusively

D) laterally 63. Among the problems facing bridge

engineers, the most serious ones are
E) considerably
those of____ and repair..

59. Serbian _____ in Bosnia has been

A) improvement
strongly condemned by the civilised
world but little serious action has B) reassessment
been taken against it..
C) determination
A) conduct
D) distinction
B) settlement
E) maintenance
C) investment
64. Using the dam to generate power would
D) treaty not ------- the treaty with the
neighbouring country, but diverting
E) compliment
water out of the river would..

A) intimidate

B) betray

C) violate

D) convert

E) fetch
65. People who are constantly in the public 70. There’s nothing very brilliant about the
eye must learn to remain ____ in the face report, but he has ____ collected all the
of criticism.. data needed..

A) composed A) infectiously

B) resultant B) recklessly

C) appreciated C) considerably

D) outrageous D) restrictively

E) restored E) conscientiously

66. Industry as a whole was badly affected
by the restrictions, but it was the high
technology sector that suffered most ____
..
71. On the third day of the shipwreck they
gave up all hope of finding any ____ ..
A) deserters

A) blatantly B) survivors

B) randomly C) conclusions

C) reasonably D) suppliers

D) tightly E) discrepancies

E) acutely
72. Bacteria have remarkable capacity for -
---- tolerance to previously lethal drugs..
67. Since the firm has been found negligent
by the court, his claim for ____ for the
A) acquiring
accident hasn’t been accepted..
B) denouncing
A) compensation
C) deceiving
B) reduction
D) repudiating
C) employment
E) recovering
D) relevance
73. Questions of race, ethnicity, and religion
E) cooperation
have been a ____ source of conflict in
American education..
68. Each year, large amounts of carbon
monoxide are ____ into the atmosphere
A) previous
by automobiles and factories..
B) perennial
A) absorbed
C) vulnerable
B) emitted
D) naughty
C) exchanged
E) casual
D) repulsed
74. The contemporary world economy
E) compelled
differs____ from what the traditional
economic theorists of the 1930s
69. As far as we are concerned, the evidence envisaged..
put before the court was not _____
enough to convict the man..
A) primarily

A) subsequent B) likely

B) conclusive C) conversely

C) adamant D) profoundly

D) earnest E) intimately

E) consecutive
75. It's worth remembering that his ---- of 79. The report issued by the National Health
the downward trends in output over Council draws attention to the hazards
recent years is not the only one.. of ____to X rays..

A) interpretation A) resistance

B) departure B) involvement

C) compliance C) confinement

D) discretion D) exposure

E) intention E) implication

76. America's subsidies to its cotton farmers 80. A fresh look at the final months of
have long been a noteworthy example of the presidency of John F. Kennedy ----
the harm that rich countries' subsidies - that a second Kennedy term might have
--- on the poor.. produced a rapprochement with Cuba..

A) enforce A) promises

B) provide B) describes

C) exceed C) inflicts

D) Inflict D) indicates

E) employ E) involves

77. Progress in materials research is ____ to
overcoming such problems as the
finiteness of the world’s resources and
possible shortages of strategic
materials..
81. When the rate of exchange began to rise
again, he felt _____ to call a meeting of
the financial staff..
A) obliged

A) crucial B) blamed

B) inexpensive C) consumed

C) adamant D) omitted

D) subversive E) rewarded

E) subsequent
82. Pharmaceutical firms are wary of
devoting money to new antibiotics
78. I was greatly impressed by the way the whose sales can be ---- limited by the
judge conducted the trial, _____ when it development of resistance in the
came to summing up the case.. target microbes..

A) particularly A) accurately

B) completely B) adequately

C) sufficiently C) severely

D) effectively D) complacently

E) respectively E) confidently

83. Many of the critics clearly regarded

several of the paintings on ____ as of poor
quality..

A) discovery

B) display

C) occasion

D) approval

E) account
84. The green button on the far left of the
machine ---- the volume..
A) interferes
89.  In a child,  curiosity normally
suggests intelligence and is
welcomed;but an_____adult is best
avoided..

B) discloses A) indefinite
C) regulates B) indulgent
D) allows C) indecisive
E) arises D) impartial

E) inquisitive
85. The United States has long prided itself
on being a melting pot of culturally ____
peoples.. 90. The new ceramics, which have little in
common with the chinaware we use in
our kitchens everyday, are being used
A) diverse
____ in engines and electronics..
B) redundant
A) depressingly
C) incoherent
B) seemingly
D) entire
C) increasingly
E) substantial
D) discouragingly
86. It is ____ ten years since AIDS caught the
E) obligingly
world’s attention..

91. A well organised company that knows its

A) formidably
products are of a high standard does not
B) generously fear____ ..

C) pertinently A) conversion
D) roughly B) concentration
E) inevitably C) competition

87. The rise in energy ____ has led to a D) departure

reduction of fossil fuels that the world
E) pretension
must use..

92. When she referred in her paper to

A) redundancy
biocomplexity, many in the audience
B) efficiency scratched their heads and ---- what that
word meant..
C) consumption

D) suitability A) expected

E) conformity B) suspected

C) wondered
88. Expressionist artists in painting,
sculpture, and literature ---- to distort or D) improved
exaggerate natural appearance in order
E) rejected
to create a reflection of the inner world..

A) pretended

B) expected

C) persuaded

D) tended

E) offered
93. When the chairman tried to explain his 98. In recent years ____ complex and
views to the shareholders at the ____ persistent problems in economic and
general meeting, he was shouted down social fields have led people to wonder
by them with cries of 'Resign!'.. why once comfortable answers no longer
seem adequate to today’s questions..
A) annual
A) generously
B) minimal
B) inadvertently
C) essential
C) increasingly
D) ultimate
D) ingeniously
E) recurrent
E) leisurely
94. Because of their high toxic contents,
none of these chemicals can ____ be 99. When births outnumber deaths, the
permitted for export to any country.. population increases; when the ____ is
true, then it falls..
A) fruitfully
A) opposite
B) adequately
B) growth
C) presently
C) proportion
D) notoriously
D) rate
E) equivocally
E) decreases
95. As a result of continuing economic
recession, a huge _____ in the budget 100. Atoms are ___ of electrons and a nucleus
seems inevitable.. containing protons and neutrons..

A) redundancy A) joined

B) improvement B) linked

C) profit C) composed

D) distinction D) kept

E) deficit E) completed

96. Their Prime Minister has been able to act

more aggressively in the past year
because he has ---- his power within the
government..

A) recommended

B) reduced

C) compelled

D) consolidated

E) impaired

97. Anti-lock brakes (ABS) help you to

maintain steering control of your car
even while braking on ____ roads..

A) lonesome

B) fast

C) reckless

D) slippery

E) stagnant
3
1. The objective of this project is to 5. In this paper I should like to report some
increase the depth of awareness and of the results of an ____ study of two
understanding in the world, about the hundred London families..
causes and consequences of the HIV
epidemic through____ policies and
A) extreme
programmes..
B) intrinsic
A) innovative
C) intensive
B) decadent
D) emphatic
C) meagre
E) apparent
D) ambiguous
6. ____ populated, rural Northumberland is
E) poignant
one of the most unspoiled countries in
England..
2. Industry has developed rapidly in certain
countries as raw materials are ____
A) Sparsely
available there..
B) Nearly
A) repeatedly
C) Primarily
B) scarcely
D) Suitably
C) consequently
E) Efficiently
D) abundantly
7. From the report released today it
E) indefinitely
appears that oil tankers suffer their
major ____ on their return journeys..
3. Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau were
concerned in their writings with the
A) spills
question of a proper ____ between the
public good and the right of individuals B) costs
to exercise free will..
C) repairs
A) balance D) drills
B) demonstration E) crews
C) responsibility
8. Had this 70m-long asteroid entered the
D) interest Earth's atmosphere, it could have — a
large city..
E) solidarity

A) reconciled
4. In 1838, the area around the base of the
Leaning Tower of Pisa was excavated to B) inflated
---- columns that had sunk underground..
C) captured
A) descend
D) destroyed
B) complete
E) erupted
C) enforce
9. Recent studies have shown that smokers
D) establish are more ____ to common colds and flu
than non-smokers..
E) expose

A) feasible

B) susceptible

C) applicable

D) reliable

E) responsible
10. The ozone layer may still act like a 14. In many countries training for industry
protective blanket, but scientists has always been considered to be -----
continue to worry about the sun's ____ the concern of industry itself, not of the
lethal effects.. state..

A) potentially A) socially

B) equivalently B) primarily

C) indifferently C) suitably

D) abruptly D) firmly

E) approximately E) reputedly

11. Unlike Europe’s stone castles and 15. Asthma is a common ____ in which the
cathedrals, America’s historical buildings airways lining the lung become
are often wood-framed and so subject to inflamed..
____from moisture and insects..
A) diagnosis
A) rebuke
B) disease
B) deficiency
C) fury
C) damage
D) patient
D) obsession
E) recovery
E) frustration
16. In the steel industry there has been
12. Maillart’s graphical analysis of this a progressive increase in capital outlay;
particular engineering problem ---- but fortunately this has been ---- by a fall
mathematical complexity but could be in labour costs..
applied to any cylindrical water
container..
A) accompanied

A) avoided B) conducted

B) deterred C) reinforced

C) abused D) rejected

D) negotiated E) engaged

E) released
17. Even quite late in the twentieth century
many men assumed that entry into
13. Certain new findings suggest that young certain professions was their ----- right..
calves may be more ----- than older cows
to bovine spongiform
A) independent
encephalopathy(BSE)..
B) exclusive
A) reluctant
C) adequate
B) hazardous
D) excessive
C) intimate
E) unaccountable
D) susceptible
18. The distinction between a language and
E) relative
a dialect is a ----- difficult one..

A) precisely

B) notoriously

C) compulsively

D) suitably

E) flexibly
19. The Carnegie Endowment for 23. The whole business of having meals at
International Peace seeks an individual fixed ____ is nothing but a social
to launch are search project on the convention and, in modern life, a matter
information revolution and its ____ on of convenience..
international affairs..
A) approaches
A) impact
B) substances
B) involvement
C) intervals
C) reference
D) requirements
D) linkage
E) proportions
E) comparison
24. In years when nut and berry crops are
20. The idea of changing CO2 into petrol poor, birds may be forced to ---- their
was certainly an attractive one, but it territories and search for food
was soon ----.. elsewhere..

A) repeated A) locate

B) discredited B) reach

C) deceived C) abandon

D) implied D) reserve

E) inferred E) exclude

21. Acid rain only became a ----- 25. Sponsorship is being increasingly
environmental issue in the 1980s allowed in schools provided it is
following ground breaking studies in the regarded as being ____ with educational
1970s. . curricula..

A) previous A) considerate

B) deceitful B) predictable

C) reckless C) decisive

D) destructive D) compatible

E) prominent E) provocative

22. The discovery of a ____ cancer-causing 26. For the present, the party is expected to
chemical in foods like crisps, chips and put its differences aside and campaign
cereals caused shock waves around the ____ for a victory at the forthcoming
world when it hit the headlines earlier elections..
this year..
A) vigorously
A) potentially
B) awkwardly
B) remarkably
C) precisely
C) concisely
D) distinctly
D) memorably
E) reluctantly
E) controversially
27. The 1990s have been a general ____ in
aid to poor countries, largely because of
fiscal pressures in many rich countries..
A) consumption
32. The Abel Prize in mathematics is
intended to finally ---- the gap left by
Alfred Nobel, who chose to ignore
mathematics when he established
the Nobel prizes..

B) decline A) fill
C) contingency B) link
D) conviction C) avoid
E) expenditure D) refuse

E) exceed
28. In the past, too, people relied on
plant substances to ---- a wide range of
illnesses.. 33. He admitted that he was resigning from
the post because he felt it did not make
sufficient call on the combative and ----
A) recover
elements of his nature..
B) undermine
A) introverted
C) infect
B) self-assertive
D) cure
C) reserved
E) restrain
D) self-contained
29. It seems strange to us now that miners
E) submissive
and others employed in dangerous work
should not have demanded the provision
of ---- headgear.. 34. You should have attended that lecture
on durability testing of fibres; it really
was most ----..
A) forceful

B) obstructive A) irrelevant
C) relentless B) stimulating
D) protective C) dull
E) intensive D) reluctant

E) feasible
30. If he wants the contract, he must let us
know by Tuesday; we can't keep the
offer open ----.. 35. In the past 30 years, our knowledge of
the ancient Maya civilization has
increased ---- as a result of the
A) infinitely
decipherment of a newly discovered
B) decisively script..

C) conclusively A) significantly
D) reluctantly B) alternatively
E) indefinitely C) suspiciously

31. Today a very wide spectrum of biological D) persuasively

scientists are needed, both to develop
E) conditionally
the biotechnology of the next millennium
and to ensure the ____ of life in our
planet..

A) explanation

B) process

C) exhaustion

D) duration

E) conservation
36. The book is surprisingly lucid and 40. The government has recently made one
manages to make the controversial field million dollars ____ for research grants
of evolutionary psychology ---- to the concerning the prediction of
average intelligent reader.. earthquakes..

A) susceptible A) conditional

B) conducive B) available

C) available C) suitable

D) indulgent D) considerable

E) exclusive E) vulnerable

37. The quartet's rendering of Mozart is ---- 41. Launched as the new regulatory
good, but l have mixed feelings about authority for the countries banking and
the Schubert collection.. insurance sector, the National Financial
Services Management will extend its
activities so as____ to cover more than
A) exceptionally
40% of the national economy..
B) sensitively
A) exceptionally
C) preferably
B) ultimately
D) impulsively
C) inherently
E) impartially
D) fluently
38. When an unknown but gifted artist is
E) apparently
finally recognised, his paintings can
become valuable ____ in the future..
42. I wasn't at all impressed by the ____ he
gave me..
A) rates

B) accounts A) distribution
C) sales B) explanation
D) interests C) determination
E) assets D) complication

E) negotiation
39. Scientists are ---- biotechnology to
develop highly effective drugs in the
fight against currently incurable 43. The body ---- most of the carbohydrates
diseases.. we eat either into glucose or into
glycogen..
A) invading
A) removes
B) justifying
B) deduct
C) exerting
C) converts
D) retaining
D) destroys
E) utilizing
E) unites
44. This magazine is designed to help 48. She is the oldest person in the village, to
satellite equipment buyers make more be precise, 92 years old and has a ____
___ purchasing decisions and keep ahead word of advice for everyone..
of new developments..
A) fanciful
A) representative
B) faithful
B) obscure
C) credible
C) foreseen
D) futile
D) informed
E) kindly
E) indifferent
49. Visibility depends ___ upon the
45. His forecast turned out to be ---- concentration of water or dust particles
accurate considering how little in the air..
information he had to work on..
A) rapidly
A) lately
B) obstinately
B) effortlessly
C) instantly
C) intentionally
D) suitably
D) surprisingly
E) chiefly
E) heavily
50. A basic ----- of amphibious warfare is
46. In a blizzard, the ____ of very low undoubtedly command of the sea..
temperatures, strong wind and
suffocating snow often proves fatal..
A) withdrawal

A) expectation B) involvement

B) endurance C) determination

C) engagement D) concession

D) consistence E) requirement

E) combination
51. A spirometer can be used to ----
between obstructive and restrictive
47. A detailed understanding of why the forms of lung disease..
World Trade Center towers collapsed will
mean that engineers can ---- the lessons
A) adjust
learned into future designs..
B) distinguish
A) participate
C) indicate
B) reproduce
D) interfere
C) incorporate
E) induce
D) reinstate
52. It is now realized that forest sizes have a
E) demonstrate
---- influence on the climate..

A) reliable

B) compulsive

C) significant

D) controversial

E) sensitive
53. Iodine remains a mysterious substance;
and ----, the iodine in the sea is in a
constant state of chemical change..
A) comprehensively
B) comparably
57. During the 1960s the agronomist and
food technologist Norman Borlaug
launched what was called 'the Green
Revolution', which ---- reduced hunger in
underdeveloped countries, by
creating high-yielding varieties of wheat
and rice..

C) conditionally A) diversely
D) apparently B) plausibly
E) excessively C) currently

54. Champions of the green movement D) adversely

regard the internal combustion machine
E) greatly
as one of the biggest ----- in history..

58. If the ----- of profits falls in one area of

A) disasters
activity, entrepreneurs may move their
B) rejections resources to an industry where the
returns are higher..
C) admissions
A) phase
D) denials

E) illusions B) liability

C) level
55. The energy needs of adolescents -
---greatly, depending on the current rate D) supply
of growth, body size and physical
E) policy
activity..

59. Airway inflammation is a pivotal event in

A) compare
the development of asthma and appears
B) arise to ---- its severity..

C) perceive A) target
D) vary B) determine
E) maintain C) undermine

56. In many parts of the world mains D) obstruct

electricity is still ---- or even
E) encourage
nonexistent..

60. It was through the research of Sabine at

A) convenient
Harvard at the end of the 19th century
B) aggressive that the subject of acoustics was put on
a ---- scientific footing..
C) deliberate

D) unreliable A) random

E) impressive B) quantitative

C) constructive

D) selective

E) competitive
61. The probable resources of petroleum 66. The ____ was not a happy one at the time,
cannot be estimated as ---- as can those but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad
of coal.. it occurred..

A) considerably A) improvement

B) ultimately B) regression

C) essentially C) encounter

D) suitably D) intention

E) accurately E) compromise

62. Now that formal ----- has been given by 67. To increase its exports, the company is -
the government, the project team can be --- highly motivated professionals with
recruited.. experience in international trade..

A) reference A) applying

B) apprehension B) agreeing

C) approval C) replacing

D) expression D) holding

E) determination E) seeking

63. Most examples of hormone deficiency 68. With a gestation period of six months,
states can be ---- to glandular bats are the slowest reproducing
destruction, caused, among other things, mammal for their size and therefore
by surgery or infection.. especially ---- to extinction..

A) attributed A) applicable

B) stimulated B) reliable

C) increased C) variable

D) induced D) sizeable

E) located E) vulnerable

64. With their ---- knowledge of astronomy 69. Researchers attending the World Water
and mathematics, the Mayan civilization Forum in Kyoto last year argued that
was one of the greatest cultures of the collecting and using water more — would
ancient world.. lessen the need for more dams..

A) primitive A) efficiently

B) advanced B) plentifully

C) small C) wastefully

D) desirable D) remarkably

E) inefficient E) speedily

65. The current social security system is

____popular, partly because its universal and
partly because retirement benefits are
related to contributions, so most people
think the system is fair..

A) extremely

B) likely

C) eventually

D) indispensably

E) favourably
70. The ----- that terrorists use to move 74. As the new field-worker will be working
money from regions that finance them to in close ____ with several others, make
their target country are often identical sure you select someone with an
to those used by criminal gangs.. agreeable personality..

A) regulations A) uniformity

B) methods B) suspicion

C) provisions C) collaboration

D) laws D) discretion

E) admissions E) productivity

71. Few would ---- that corporations, 75. The lawyer submitted to the court
especially the multinational ones, are several documents to ---- his point of
enormously powerful.. view..

A) involve A) support

B) resume B) overcome

C) promise C) refrain

D) disdain D) improve

E) deny E) alienate

72. India has dozens of half-completed 76. The US government demands ----
water projects, not to mention a —, exemptions from a worldwide ban on the
centuries-old infrastructure of forgotten use of methyl bromide, a pesticide that
local water-supply systems.. damages the ozone layer..

A) perishable A) responsive

B) stable B) eager

C) vast C) indefinite

D) predominant D) susceptible

E) sensitive E) major

73. The local officials had ---- wanted a steel 77. Africa's deserts are spreading ---- owing
bridge to span the river, but finally to cycles of drought together with over-
agreed to a reinforced concrete one.. farming and overgrazing..

A) nearly A) influentially

B) initially B) successfully

C) fairly C) fundamentally

D) fully D) continuously

E) completely E) conveniently

78. The auroras are caused by the ---- of

solar winds with gases in the Earth's
atmosphere..

A) intersection

B) completion

C) interaction

D) perception

E) distraction
79. All patients with chronic bronchitis 84. Quartz is one of the most abundant rock-
should be ---- to give up smoking so as to forming minerals and the most ---- to
have a better prognosis.. weathering..

A) urged A) resistant

B) limited B) reliable

C) discouraged C) convenient

D) distressed D) reluctant

E) established E) indifferent

80. The majority of obsolete pesticide stocks 85. I couldn't follow the section on
in Africa originate from local producers, quantum computers, but the rest is ----
or have been the result of ---- purchasing easy to understand..
policies..
A) comparatively
A) impressive
B) permanently
B) conspicuous
C) consequently
C) repulsive
D) sensibly
D) inappropriate
E) comprehensibly
E) influential
86. A fair proportion of the workforce now
81. The point-and-click actions of the work from their homes, a ---- that has
computer mouse have made it an ---- been made possible by computers..
popular alternative to keyboard and
text-based commands..
A) disturbance

A) increasingly B) destination

B) assertively C) circumstance

C) effortlessly D) support

D) exactly E) denial

E) objectively
87. In a recent press conference, the
company ---- their plans to launch a new
82. Sometimes a seemingly modest business hybrid car in autumn..
deal can change the whole ---- of an
industry..
A) originated

A) expansion B) revealed

B) expression C) qualified

C) course D) advised

D) relapse E) contributed

E) vitality
88. One defect seems inherent in a purely
classical education – namely, a too
83. Malnutrition and under nutrition are not ____emphasis on the past..
---- to the Third World; they also occur in
affluent societies..
A) recurrent

A) exposed B) repressive

B) permitted C) coherent

C) restricted D) exclusive

D) disposed E) deceptive

E) convinced
89. Some women are ---- troubled with 94. For the chemists of the 18th and 19th
backache as they get older.. centuries, an understanding of the
chemical nature of food was a major ----..
A) relevantly
A) objective
B) consecutively
B) agreement
C) continually
C) submission
D) sufficiently
D) significance
E) reluctantly
E) estimation
90. Owing to the shortages in some building
materials and labour ____ in some trades, 95. Psychological factors influence our
the building industry began to make physical health, because our emotions
more use of prefabricated.. and thoughts are always ----by
biochemical reactions in our bodies..
A) components
A) pretended
B) immunity
B) rejected
C) reliably
C) appointed
D) cavity
D) accompanied
E) scarcity
E) detected
91. Whatever your age and your
circumstances are, the best way to 96. The accounting of the proceedings given
minimize any health risks is to ---- by their legal adviser was perfectly _____
healthy habits.. but not at all complimentary..

A) adopt A) restrictive

B) consume B) compulsive

C) withdraw C) innocent

D) relieve D) sensitive

E) illustrate E) accurate

92. High-energy cosmic rays, which are more
---- in space than on Mars or Earth, could
deliver dangerously high radiation
doses..
97. No model is ever perfect, and scientists
are ---- trying to refine their models..
A) uniformly

A) impressive B) formerly

B) compulsive C) mentally

C) fragile D) constantly

D) innovative E) equally

E) prevalent
98. In the wake of yet another financial
scandal, the chief accountant handed in
93. The doctors are ---- pleased with the his ----- to the director..
progress he is making, and he can leave
hospital tomorrow..
A) retirement

A) comfortably B) redundancy

B) apparently C) promotion

C) successfully D) resignation

D) carefully E) vacancy

E) nearly
99. A poorly-planned vegetarian diet
will typically be ---- in iron, zinc and
calcium..

A) unhealthy

B) deficient

C) varied

D) nutritious

E) essential

100. When healthy, the lining of the mouth

(oralmucosa) is reddish pink, and the
gums, which fit---- around the teeth, are
paler pink..

A) protectively

B) attractively

C) rarely

D) abruptly

E) randomly
4
1. Now that the margin for error is smaller 6. The Vikings gave the whole of Europe a
than ever, high-performance businesses hard time, ---- their close neighbours
must be more ----.. across the Baltic..

A) redundant A) especially

B) impressive B) previously

C) negligent C) consecutively

D) minimal D) considerably

E) competitive E) pitifully

2. On a very snowy day, schools are 7. Today, after a decade of isolation and
generally closed, flights are delayed, and a devastating war, Iraq faces the
the shops are ----open.. daunting ----of reconstructing its
economy..
A) rarely
A) task
B) hardly
B) jeopardy
C) simply
C) effort
D) easily
D) failure
E) relatively
E) achievement
3. A ---- of courses are now available to
help students get ahead in the music 8. At first glance, the dichotomy would
business and make money from music.. seem to --------------with cold dark matter
theory..
A) step
A) release
B) level
B) conflict
C) frequency
C) draw
D) state
D) defend
E) range
E) enforce
4. You may -------------- your calorie intake
by having smaller portion sizes.. 9. The Lord of the Rings has been reprinted
----times and translated into many
different languages..
A) estimate

B) reflect A) additional
C) reduce B) abundant
D) accept C) common
E) adopt D) delicate

5. The most expensive new technological
devices in the world are becoming more
---- and showing up in some unlikely
places..
A) defensive
E) numerous
10. The full stop is probably the most used
form of punctuation, partly because
almost everyone know show to use it -
---..

B) fragile A) considerably
C) admirable B) redunantly
D) accessible C) dominantly
E) distinct D) appropriately

E) profoundly
11. An indirect ---- of winning the 16. High concentrations of acid rain can -
photographic competition was the offer ------------- forests and soil..
of more work..
A) offer
A) response
B) conduct
B) benefit
C) announce
C) appreciation
D) harm
D) disposition
E) share
E) achievement
17. The richer countries make it possible for
12. Gullies were first discovered on Mars drug companies to provide products that
eight years ago, and experts have been- are---- in the poorer regions..
------------- since then about what created
them..
A) exceptional

A) debating B) sensible

B) thriving C) decent

C) determining D) affordable

D) struggling E) patient

E) removing
18. ----, consumer-spending in France is
strong, but could soon be weakened by
13. Competition is generally regarded as an rising unemployment..
---- ingredient in the search for efficiency
and innovation..
A) Eventually

A) irrepressible B) Inevitably

B) impulsive C) Currently

C) improbable D) Conclusively

D) indispensable E) Recently

E) arrogant
19. The ---- of capital punishment is another
issue which has aroused widespread
14. Turkey’s strategic importance is ---- due disagreement..
to its geographical location..
A) consultation
A) evenly
B) contest
B) vaguely
C) abolition
C) partly
D) distinction
D) quietly
E) confiscation
E) abruptly
20. As individuals, people cannot --------------
15. Even in developed countries it is not all the goods and services they want..
unusual to see wage and job ----against
women..
A) accept

A) separation B) mean

B) difference C) produce

C) discrimination D) define

D) insurance E) response

E) diversity
21. Small children often become unsettled if
they are forced to spend long stretches
of time in a ---- space..
A) considerable
26. Syndicalism embodies the idea that
workers, through direct action, ---- a
general strike, should seize control over
the means of production and hence gain
political power..

B) selected A) especially
C) restricted B) previously
D) potential C) tremendously
E) rejected D) respectfully

E) consistently
22. Apparently as much as 20 per cent of
London fires are started ---- ..
27. Air pollution is obviously one of the
major ---- of city life..
A) reputably

B) appropriately A) references
C) preferably B) disadvantages
D) deliberately C) attempts
E) compulsively D) definition

E) expressions
23. The first great theorist of dramatic art
was Aristotle, whose ---- of tragedy in
The Poetics has dominated critical 28. The meat production in the developed
thought ever since.. world needs to be -------------- to combat
famine..
A) solution
A) forced
B) reference
B) increased
C) discussion
C) prohibited
D) recognition
D) refused
E) allusion
E) prevented
24. The world will have to -------------- new
sources of energy in addition to 29. This hotel certainly offers a high
petroleum oil.. standard of service at ---- rates..

A) fear A) contemporary

B) develop B) competitive

C) prove C) relative

D) challenge D) conceivable

E) combat E) reliable

25. When people think of democracy 30. Galileo, Descartes and many other
they generally couple it with a ---- European thinkers helped to lay the
amount of liberty for individuals and foundations of today's ---- global
groups.. education system..

A) desolate A) increasingly

B) considerable B) constantly

C) delicate C) repeatedly

D) sincere D) reluctantly

E) drastic E) selectively
31. Apparently there is a significant ---- 35. Diets rich in whole grains, legumes,
between activity in a specific area of the vegetables and fruits seem to be
brain and individual differences in protective against cancer, but
temperament.. identifying the specific foods or ---- of
foods that are responsible is difficult..
A) association
A) levels
B) revelation
B) benefits
C) combination
C) rates
D) indication
D) agencies
E) reference
E) components
32. These analyses -------------- that factors
affecting employers account for the rise 36. Language has enabled human beings to
in temporary employment.. develop culture, which -------------- of
ways of behaving and thinking..
A) prevent
A) owns
B) convert
B) consists
C) suggest
C) accepts
D) survive
D) means
E) adopt
E) prevents
33. Reflex behaviour is ---- ; it arises
automatically in response to an 37. No ---- authority has the right to dictate
appropriate stimulus.. whether a state shall adopt a socialist or
a capitalist economic policy..
A) insignificant
A) comprehensive
B) invalid
B) outside
C) insufficient
C) reputable
D) involuntary
D) irresponsible
E) inadequate
E) compulsive
34. On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know -
--- how many people will be attending 38. Russia has a fleet of 250 nuclear
the conference.. submarines, 170 of which are ---- out of
service..
A) mostly
A) currently
B) fortunately
B) vehemently
C) comparatively
C) conventionally
D) precisely
D) adequately
E) immensely
E) consequently
39. Biochemical engineers are key players in 41. On dokuzuncu yüzyılın sonlarında X
the great biomedical ---- that lie ahead ışınları keşfedildiğinde, bilim adamları
including the preparation of an HIV benzer tür başka ışınlar bulmak için
vaccine.. hemen yoğun araştırmalara giriştiler..

A) challenges A) It was in the late nineteenth century that,

following the discovery of X-rays,
B) consultancies scientists suddenly embarked on a serious
research programme to trace various
C) components other similar rays.
D) ingredients B) Following the discovery of X-rays in the
nineteenth century, comprehensive
E) options
research was soon undertaken by
scientists in order to detect other rays of
40. Underdeveloped countries need to - the same kind.
------------- modern farming methods in
order to overcome famine.. C) Towards the end of the nineteenth
century, when X-rays were discovered,
scientists were already involved in
A) escape extensive research in order to study other
B) destroy kinds of rays.

C) adopt D) The discovery of X-rays in the late

nineteenth century motivated scientists to
D) contain carry out exhaustive research in order to
detect other types of rays.
E) adapt
E) When X-rays were discovered in the late
nineteenth century, scientists immediately
set out on intensive research to find other
similar types of rays.
42. By septic shock is meant a ---- 47. When Shakespeare died in Stratford in
disseminated bacterial infection.. 1616, no collected ---- of his plays had
been published..
A) consequently
A) title
B) superficially
B) edition
C) widely
C) section
D) selectively
D) print
E) sufficiently
E) manuscript
43. In the future, surgeons may
perform operations that we can only 48. By the end of this term of office, he will
dream of today, such as inserting genes have -------------- all the projects he has
into single cells or correcting ---- before already undertaken..
a child is born..
A) remained
A) incisions
B) completed
B) remedies
C) prevented
C) defects
D) survived
D) devices
E) decayed
E) forces
49. At various times, most people
44. During the Ice Ages, humans obtained experience anxiety, depression and
food by hunting wild animals and - sleep disturbance, but these symptoms
-------------wild edible plants.. are usually ---- in nature..

A) depicting A) reluctant

B) remaining B) compulsive

C) intending C) excessive

D) gathering D) predominant

E) damaging E) transient

45. The latest figures concerning the
company's sales are certainly very ----..
A) determined
50. There are no asexual mammals in nature
because our growth and development
have become ---- connected with the
sexual process..

B) intensive A) closely
C) emphatic B) discreetly
D) reluctant C) cautiously
E) disturbing D) scarcely

E) preventably
46. British supermarkets have more
political influence than ---- any other
corporate sector in Britain.. 51. The liver receives a quarter of its blood -
--- from the hepatic artery..
A) often
A) substance
B) immediately
B) condition
C) almost
C) supply
D) fairly
D) connection
E) quite
E) sample
52. Human rights -------------- to the basic 57. Doctors can monitor a patient's
rights and freedoms to which all humans temperature, pulse and blood pressure
are entitled.. using two-way transmission equipment
without needing to be ---- present..
A) refer
A) remotely
B) remove
B) physically
C) raise
C) quite
D) conduct
D) increasingly
E) support
E) proportionally
53. Cardiovascular disease is the leading ----
cause of death around the world today, 58. During the worldwide malaria epidemic
especially in many developed countries.. of 1992, it was observed that the
disease had developed a ---- to certain
drugs that had once been effective..
A) essential

B) average A) resistance
C) continual B) reserve
D) single C) denial
E) comprehensive D) separation

E) condition
54. It has long been known that various
micro organisms exist in the
atmosphere, but formerly scientists were 59. This table is certainly a rare example of
not able to identify them ----.. 18th century furniture and the carving
on the leg was ----at that time..
A) indirectly
A) occasional
B) occasionally
B) distinguished
C) potentially
C) competitive
D) accurately
D) subjective
E) perpetually
E) prevalent
55. The findings indicate that there is a
lower ---- of cancer among vegetarians.. 60. Studies of the survivors of the atomic
bomb blasts and radiation accidents
have ----- demonstrated the
A) incident
leukemogenic effect of radiation..
B) disturbance
A) reluctantly
C) decline
B) properly
D) reversal
C) sensitively
E) replacement
D) unmistakably
56. The malaria parasite is a much more ----
E) understandably
and devious opponent than we ever
imagined..

A) preferable

B) relative

C) reliable

D) indefinite

E) dangerous
61. He was discharged from hospital but
was advised to return after a month for
further ---..
A) treatment
66. The reaction between amino acids and
sugars is ---- for the colour and flavour
of cooked food and occurs when other
plant based foods are fried, baked,
roasted or toasted..

B) recovery A) responsible
C) admission B) dependent
D) diagnosis C) convertible
E) expansion D) avoidable

E) measurable
62. The rhythmic inflation and deflation of
the lungs is not an ---- property of the
respiratory muscles.. 67. He has behaved ____ on many occasions,
so this instance of impoliteness is hardly
surprising..
A) intensive

B) endemic A) shyly
C) impulsive B) endearingly
D) intrinsic C) sensitively
E) optional D) readily

E) inconsiderately
63. Many people who get cancer sores get
them ----, perhaps one or more times a
year.. 68. Fossilized bones are fragile and can
easily be damaged by ---- to the air..
A) entirely
A) exposure
B) sensitively
B) compression
C) painfully
C) resistance
D) repeatedly
D) appearance
E) scarcely
E) restoration
64. In the past 25 years, new knowledge
about cancer has led to changes in 69. Jazz is a kind of music that has often
dietary ----- for the public.. been called the only art form to -
-------------in the United States..
A) disorders
A) affect
B) admissions
B) determine
C) obligations
C) originate
D) obsessions
D) inspect
E) recommendations
E) mention
65. It has been --------------that the
availability of petroleum and natural gas
could be greatly depleted within a
century if used at the rates anticipated..

A) allocated

B) provided

C) predicted

D) caused

E) attempted
70. The relationship between smoking and
lung cancer has been heatedly discussed
for many years, but until recently the
evidence about it has been both ---- and
conflicting..
74. Countries vary -------------- in their
approach to human rights and their
record of human rights protection..
A) harmfully

A) exemplary B) destructively

B) susceptible C) strongly

C) compatible D) widely

D) fragmentary E) daily

E) confident
75. Acid rain now presents scientists in Asia
with ---- every bit as demanding as those
71. As global temperatures rise, climate faced in Europe at the end of the 20 th
scientists -----expect more rain to fall, century..
but less often..
A) contradictions
A) extremely
B) intentions
B) generally
C) challenges
C) exactly
D) responses
D) fairly
E) deceptions
E) abundantly
76. The collapse of the Mycenaean -
72. When considering eye colour in birds, it -------------with the fall of several other
is important to make a ---- between the large empires in the near east, most
eye wattle, which is the coloured skin notably the Hittite and the Egyptian..
around the eye, and the iris colour..
A) consisted
A) consideration
B) coincided
B) contribution
C) referred
C) replacement
D) converted
D) distinction
E) suggested
E) significance
77. Collecting is probably the most ---- kind
73. Moderate amounts of sugar are usually of hobby because almost anything can
not harmful but, taken in excess, sugar be collected..
can be ---- to health..
A) main
A) significant
B) widespread
B) nutritious
C) invisible
C) dependent
D) domestic
D) preventive
E) severe
E) detrimental
78. If he feels he’s being criticised he’ll
sometimes make _____ dogmatic
statements..

A) suggestively

B) functionally

C) seldom

D) incredibly

E) safely
79. In 1994, seven countries signed an 84. Humans--------------and assess a number
accord, agreeing to guidelines designed of risks each day, usually without any
to minimize the — of salmon farming on awareness..
wild fish in the north Atlantic..
A) convert
A) relevance
B) store
B) establishment
C) adopt
C) impact
D) bury
D) perception
E) face
E) improvement
85. Obviously, there has been a -----
80. Losing weight, burning fat and - improvement in the condition of the
-------------the build up of cellulite is a patient since he underwent surgery..
process that doesn't happen overnight..
A) direct
A) avoiding
B) domestic
B) aiming
C) remarkable
C) improving
D) simple
D) developing
E) wide
E) supporting
86. History is the study of the past, -
81. Biotechnology offers opportunities to ------------- the written record and oral
improve the quality and ---- value of traditions passed down from generation
foods.. to generation verbally..

A) nutritional A) particularly

B) conditional B) excessively

C) collective C) apparently

D) deceptive D) poorly

E) complacent E) neglectfully

82. As global temperatures rise, climate 87. Animal ---- that live in large communities
scientists ---------expect more rain to fall, are much more dependent on each other
but less often.. than was previously believed..

A) genetically A) instincts

B) mutually B) patterns

C) generally C) relatives

D) probably D) species

E) effectively E) habitats

83. It is indeed a beautiful vase but its value 88. The obesity epidemic has ------- increased
is obviously impaired by this ---- in the scientific interest in how the brain
handle.. controls human feeding behavior..

A) diversion A) led to

B) attribute B) overcame

C) distinction C) tackled

D) preservation D) displayed

E) defect E) preferred
89. Iron supplementation may reduce zinc 93. Roma İmparatorluğu‘nun yıkılışından
absorption, while -------------- intakes of sonra, İmparatorluğun bir parçası olan
zinc can interfere with copper Avusturya, Slav kökenli çeşitli milletlerce
absorption.. istila edilmiştir..

A) private A) Following the fall of the Roman Empire,

Austria, which had constituted part of the
B) widespread Empire, was settled by different peoples of
Slavic origin.
C) excessive
B) In the aftermath of the fall of the Roman
D) domestic Empire, Austria, which had been one of
the regions of the Empire, was overrun by
E) profitable
a number of originally Slavic peoples.

90. NASA was created -------------- in response C) Soon after the fall of the Roman Empire,
to the Soviet launching of Sputnik Austria, which had been a region of the
in1957.. Empire, was conquered by various
nations, mostly of Slavic origin.
A) sophisticatedly D) After the fall of the Roman Empire,
Austria, which had been a part of the
B) largely Empire, was invaded by various nations of
C) uniquely Slavic origin.

D) distantly E) When the Roman Empire fell, a number of

E) safely
91. The ---- of bromine in the Dead Sea water
is 100 times that in the ocean..
nations of Slavic origin had already
invaded Austria, which was part of the
Empire.

A) extraction

B) concentration

C) composition

D) complexity

E) sufficiency

92. Vitamin E -------------- wound healing and

aids in the functioning of the immune
system..

A) conquers

B) adapts

C) accelerates

D) observes

E) states
94. Under existing laws, drugs must be safe 99. There is --------------debate amongst
-------------- in a balance between risks economists as to what the main causes
and benefits.. of unemployment are..

A) inadequate A) inadequate

B) enough B) efficient

C) even C) criminal

D) unique D) considerable

E) manner E) virtuous

95. Reef scientists have compiled, what
could be the most compelling ---- yet,
that farming is harming the Great Barrier
Reef..
100. Virtually all galaxies ------- to have been
formed soon after the universe began..
A) condemn

A) circumstance B) appear

B) proposal C) tackle

C) evidence D) describe

D) discussion E) require

E) controversy

96. Many factors likely ------- to the collapse

of the stock market..

A) contributed

B) emerged

C) fostered

D) estimated

E) noticed

97. Gene frequencies tend to remain

constant from generation to generation
when disturbing factors are not -
-------------..

A) countless

B) simple

C) distant

D) present

E) susceptible

98. The economics of nuclear power is not -

------------- to evaluate, because of high
capital costs for building and very low
fuel costs..

A) formal

B) religious

C) doubtful

D) novel

E) simple
5
1. Classifying is a fundamental cognitive
process that refers to the sorting of
objects, events, living things, and
phenomena into clusters according to
their ----characteristics..
5. Collecting is probably the most -
------------- kind of hobby because almost
anything can be collected..
A) main

A) additional B) widespread

B) relative C) invisible

C) common D) domestic

D) ultimate E) severe

E) necessary
6. There are -------------- characteristics of
industrial jobs performed by humans
2. The closeness of the hotel to the that identify the work as a potential
business district, government offices, application for robots..
embassies and shopping centres makes
it one of the most ----located hotels in
A) ancient
the city..
B) severe
A) previously
C) certain
B) dangerously
D) excessive
C) conveniently
E) entire
D) decisively
7. Acetic acid is used as a food ___ and
E) accurately
flavouring material, and also in the
manufacture of white lead..
3. The practical ---- of soil mechanics
includes the design of foundations and
A) preservative
earth-retaining structures..
B) decay
A) application
C) absorption
B) appreciation
D) solution
C) reference
E) process
D) detention
8. Educational play toys------- children to
E) elimination
learn valuable lessons that will help
them in the future..
4. Pollution could one day endanger the
world’s ---- of oxygen..
A) avoid

A) expectation B) overwhelm

B) supply C) allow

C) extinction D) comprise

D) recovery E) regulate

E) decline
9. Earthquakes can do -------------- damage
to buildings, bridges, pipelines, railways,
embankments, and other structures..

A) significant

B) satisfactory

C) objective

D) exclusive

E) incentive
10. Today, Pompeii has become a popular 14. As we come to the last trading day of the
tourist destination; with --------------2.5 third quarter, it's hard to imagine things
million visitors a year.. could get worse- but they can and most -
------------- will..
A) conversely
A) voluntarily
B) legally
B) ultimately
C) randomly
C) probably
D) mainly
D) profitably
E) approximately
E) generously
11. These novels illustrate the author's ----
for the struggles of young people and 15. Despite the ---- of laws in society, its
the proper help that should be given.. manifestation in the form of general
codes first appears only around 3000
BC..
A) deceit

B) obligation A) belief
C) alteration B) separation
D) disturbance C) engagement
E) concern D) agreement

E) importance
12. While the number of storms in the
Atlantic has------- since 1995, there is no
obvious global trend.. 16. Education------- children a possibility to
learn to think for themselves, to make
choices and to form their own opinion..
A) revolutionized

B) generated A) threatens
C) increased B) revises
D) carried out C) determines
E) defined D) offers

E) evolves
13. Slab avalanches are commonly
associated with heavy snowfall and -
------------- wind.. 17. Most commercially available milk has
been pasteurized with heat to kill bovine
tuberculosis organisms and other -
A) main
------------- pathogens..
B) strong
A) appealing
C) complete
B) religious
D) individual
C) possible
E) present
D) voluntary

E) profitable
18. All of the wastewater produced by a city
------ends up in a river, lake, or ocean..
A) profoundly
22. Though there has been a great deal of
discussion of Communism and Fascism,
much less attention has been devoted to
their ------- relations..

B) eventually A) mutual
C) effectively B) recurrent
D) notably C) straightforward
E) sufficiently D) widespread

E) sustainable
19. Today, Pompeii has become a popular
tourist destination; with ---- 2.5 million
visitors a year.. 23. Acne control is effortless for some, but,
for others, acne control may seem
impossible, ------- in the teenage years..
A) conversely

B) legally A) uniquely
C) randomly B) simply
D) approximately C) readily
E) mainly D) especially

20. Insight into the ---- by which the human
brain came to exist and acquire its
remarkable abilities can be gained by
studying animals that are far simpler
than us..
E) necessarily
24. To a psychologist, personality consists of
persistent ---- of thought, emotion and
behaviour..

A) outcome A) belongings

B) process B) patterns

C) response C) compliments

D) result D) inventions

E) task E) services

21. Public worries about accidents are - 25. Automation------- not only the number of
------------- the very existence of the workers in factories but also the type of
nuclear power industry.. work that is done..

A) threatening A) collapses

B) interpreting B) affects

C) predicting C) overlooks

D) occurring D) justifies

E) adapting E) achieves

26. With the ending of the last Ice Age, in

about 11, 000 B.C., the supply of -------
vegetable food declined with arid
seasons..

A) laborious

B) extravagant

C) available

D) generous

E) false
27. If pain killers are taken exactly as 32. Inflation can cause adverse -------------- on
prescribed, they are safe and will ------- the economy..
cause addiction..
A) amounts
A) exactly
B) conflict
B) rarely
C) starvations
C) presently
D) effects
D) properly
E) measures
E) regularly
33. Schools have started giving importance
28. In economics, inflation or price inflation to foreign languages and they now -------
is a/an -------------- in the general level of them in the curriculum..
prices of goods and services in an
economy over a period of time..
A) exclude

A) area B) include

B) infant C) abuse

C) rise D) destroy

D) danger E) strike

E) drought
34. Russia is ------- on the EU market for her
exports..
29. Various studies have ------- that women
suffer depression more often, yet the
A) vital
suicide rate is higher among men..
B) regular
A) struggled
C) extinct
B) destroyed
D) dependent
C) conquered
E) resistant
D) shown
35. Although the arch is usually remembered
E) acquired
as a Roman invention, examples have
been found earlier, -------- in the Egyptian
30. On the news of the famous film star’s civilization..
death, everybody was extremely sad and
recalled his ----but troubled life..
A) effectively

A) brilliant B) fairly

B) worthless C) likely

C) uneasy D) nearly

D) gloomy E) particularly

E) adverse
36. The Ancient Greeks saw wine as a staple
of domestic life as well as a viable
31. Most of the world's fishing grounds are - economic trade --------------..
--- being depleted by over-fishing..
A) creature
A) favourably
B) duty
B) inadequately
C) commodity
C) fairly
D) figure
D) inevitably
E) repetition
E) property
37. The dense ground cover of these 42. Whenever national elections occur,
ecosystems is filled with extremely debates arise over which voting
diverse species that are ------- for technology is most -------and least
nutrients and water.. susceptible to tampering..

A) preserving A) mixed

B) shaping B) noticeable

C) emerging C) unique

D) competing D) accurate

E) disappearing E) intensive

38. Automation has been applied in------- 43. Use of agricultural machinery --------
ways in the transportation industries.. reduces the amount of human labor
needed for raising crops..
A) noticeable
A) costly
B) undesirable
B) exactly
C) various
C) chiefly
D) exact
D) substantially
E) intensive
E) seriously
39. Underdeveloped agricultural countries
are ------- vulnerable to changes in the 44. Perhaps the strangest ---- of Venusians
international commodity prices.. craters is one associated with some of
the youngest..
A) respectively
A) reduction
B) necessarily
B) property
C) likely
C) effect
D) formerly
D) goal
E) extremely
E) cause
40. Several theoretical -------------- have been
advanced to explain how human rights 45. Bacteria have ------- from very early in
become part of social expectations.. the history of life on Earth..

A) resources A) measured

B) approaches B) existed

C) emotions C) estimated

D) diversities D) restored

E) dangers E) cost

41. How and when the civilization came to 46. Mass production has made consumer
an end ------- uncertain.. goods affordable and has improved
health, comfort, and convenience for a -
------ percentage of the world's
A) navigates
population..
B) reveal
A) indefinite
C) remains
B) available
D) portray
C) legendary
E) provide
D) significant

E) distinguished
47. Although theories of capital are of - 52. Military tactics before World War I had
------recent origin, capital itself has failed to keep pace with -------------- in
existed in civilized communities since technology..
antiquity..
A) doubts
A) dissatisfiedly
B) destinations
B) relatively
C) advances
C) necessarily
D) famines
D) mentally
E) properties
E) exactly
53. The meat production in the developed
48. Every-------------- must be taken to world needs to be ---- to combat famine..
conserve the Earth's natural resources..
A) forced
A) affair
B) increased
B) destination
C) prohibited
C) ingredient
D) refused
D) impact
E) prevented
E) measure
54. Egyptian actor Omar Sharif’s ---- role is
49. In order to ------- a life cycle analysis, we in a French film called “Monsieur
must first understand the inputs and Ibrahim”..
outputs of the process from the birth to
the death of the pole..
A) latest

A) last B) rarest

B) neglect C) furthest

C) construct D) fastest

D) conduct E) clearest

E) consult
55. The parents' having an ------- protective
attitude towards the child prevents his
50. There has been a ------- rise in the rate of personality from developing healthily..
inflation for the past six years..
A) fundamentally
A) constant
B) alternatively
B) vital
C) excessively
C) disabled
D) similarly
D) several
E) casually
E) pure
56. Taxation in Italy is predominantly
51. Soil bacteria are ------- active in effecting indirect; for instance, customs, excise
biochemical changes by transforming the and tobacco duties account for a very
various substances, humus and minerals, large --------------..
that characterize soil..
A) worship
A) accurately
B) predator
B) independently
C) reduction
C) extremely
D) measure
D) fundamentally
E) proportion
E) chiefly
57. If your habits resemble those of average 61. The goal of recycling is to ------- pollution
Americans, you ------- about 4.6 pounds and save energy and costs while slowing
of solid trash per day.. down the rate at which non-renewable
resources are depleted..
A) compare
A) respond
B) generate
B) contradict
C) indicate
C) benefit
D) explain
D) reduce
E) unearth
E) spread
58. Recently, there has been a -------
increase in the customer complaints 62. A generation gap is ------- in our world,
against the company's after-sale where changes take place at an
services.. incredible speed..

A) responsible A) impractical

B) distinguished B) innovative

C) private C) inevitable

D) noticeable D) relative

E) sustainable E) effective

59. Bronze Age shipwrecks and their cargoes
give a -------complete view of the sorts of
commodities traded along the coastal
and island routes..
A) fairly
63. The process of mining and refining the
necessary radioactive elements used in a
nuclear power plant is not very clean,
and these elements require secure
transport, which can add to the cost of
nuclear power -------..

B) recently A) essentially
C) strictly B) evenly
D) willingly C) significantly
E) likely D) creatively

60. This new anthology of poetry, edited by
Brian Johnson, is not only a judicious
selection of the best poems but also a
major work of serious----..
A) decision
E) gradually
64. Lack of water of proper quality and
quantity has been a major factor
affecting urban and industrial -
------------. .

B) edition A) imitation
C) disturbance B) growth
D) enthusiasm C) exception
E) scholarship D) enrollment

E) destination
65. Cancer, regardless of the location, is a 70. The internet has created new and --------
devastating piece of news that you can - ways for people to shape and share their
------.. identity, and express themselves..

A) receive A) extinct

B) improve B) willing

C) examine C) innovative

D) affect D) mature

E) occupy E) indefinite

66. Nausea and vomiting are probably the 71. Milk is an excellent growth medium for
two most ------- negative impacts of numerous bacteria and they can increase
chemotherapy.. rapidly in numbers unless the milk is -
------ processed..
A) extinct
A) enormously
B) indefinite
B) certainly
C) common
C) probably
D) proper
D) simply
E) successful
E) properly
67. When-------designed, quota systems can
economically achieve what other 72. More than just a dance, flamenco is an
regulatory measures cannot.. artistic ----of the joys and sorrows of
life..
A) relatively
A) familiarity
B) unlikely
B) difference
C) especially
C) resource
D) eventually
D) expression
E) properly
E) sense
68. America, being one of the strongest
economies in the world has a definite- 73. Economics deals with the administration
-------------on the rest of the world.. of scarce resources to -------- human
wants..
A) shortage
A) indicate
B) civilization
B) satisfy
C) challenge
C) consume
D) impact
D) remove
E) victim
E) train
69. Our hunter-gatherer ancestors -------a
diet very different from what's typical 74. Unplanned economies are generally
today.. more ------- to instability than are the
planned economies..
A) consumed
A) contrary
B) trained
B) previous
C) revealed
C) susceptible
D) encompassed
D) according
E) interacted
E) effective
75. The interaction of buyers and sellers in
the market helps to determine the
market price, thereby allocating scarce
goods and services -------..
79. Because uranium is toxic, it needs to be
handled very -------..
A) improperly

A) initially B) favorably

B) clearly C) carefully

C) efficiently D) excessively

D) harmfully E) distantly

E) strictly
80. With the increase in shipping in the early
modern era, ------- of light houses was
76. Human well-being is highly dependent revived..
on ecosystems and the ------- they
provide such as food and drinkable
A) examination
water..
B) device
A) reputations
C) assumption
B) benefits
D) treatment
C) impairments
E) construction
D) citizens
81. The term ‘nonobjective’, once used to -
E) experiences
------ certain kinds of abstract art, has
been abandoned by most contemporary
77. Ashgabat has a magnificent National art critics and historians..
Museum ------- the world's largest hand-
made carpet and a number of
A) demand
monuments relating to the country's
independence.. B) describe

A) displaying C) avoid

B) commenting D) dislike

C) conflicting E) acquire

D) converting 82. In the early 1800s, the impoverished and

rapidly -------- rural population of Ireland
E) declaring
had become almost totally dependent on
one crop: potato..
78. In competitive markets, information
exists about how much consumers value
A) allowing
a particular good because we know how
much they are -------- to pay.. B) belonging

A) extensive C) inventing

B) intensive D) growing

C) willing E) fulfilling

D) necessary 83. After the terrorist attacks on the United

States in 2001, the role of the CIA
E) indispensible
changed -------..

A) effectively

B) incorrectly

C) initially

D) dramatically

E) accurately
84. Earthquakes have varied effects, 89. Some scholars -------- that only a few
including changes in geologic features, - hundred thousand people lived in Egypt
------ to man-made structures, and during the Predynastic period (about
impact on human and animal life.. 5000-3000 BC)..

A) decision A) regulate

B) invention B) overlook

C) damage C) estimate

D) benefit D) preserve

E) evidence E) neglect

85. For many centuries the world has ------- 90. Governments, businesses, and
alcohol and other related substances for consumers all need to change their
different reasons.. habits for -------development to be the
norm, not the exception..
A) abused
A) previous
B) laughed
B) undesirable
C) neglected
C) sustainable
D) occupied
D) probable
E) interfered
E) simple
86. In the organization of a civil service, a
system of writing is an almost -------aid.. 91. A recent survey on the believability of
newspapers showed that only 17% of
people found their daily newspaper to be
A) available
-------believable..
B) neglectful
A) strictly
C) avoidable
B) broadly
D) indispensable
C) accordingly
E) several
D) completely
87. While both belong to the Primate family,
E) equally
monkeys and apes are ------- different
from one another..
92. Experts agree that environment has a
great ------- on human psychology..
A) sharply

B) distinctly A) welfare
C) merely B) outbreak
D) nearly C) progress
E) timely D) influence

E) wealth
88. Advancement did not satisfy ambition,
but created the desire for further -------..
93. The main concern of Roman
administration was to maintain just and
A) advancement
orderly government and to ------- Roman
B) decrease civilization..

C) punishment A) combat
D) pollutant B) mention
E) unemployment C) spread

D) destroy

E) decline
94. --------waste presents immediate or long- 98. The climate is changing. The earth is
term risks to humans, animals, plants, or warming up, and there is now -------
the environment.. scientific consensus that it is happening,
and human-induced..
A) Accessible
A) including
B) Unfair
B) overwhelming
C) Pure
C) immigrating
D) Vital
D) interacting
E) Hazardous
E) excluding
95. The history of agriculture may be divided
into five broad periods of unequal 99. King Arthur is the British king, whose
length, differing ------- in date according legends, -------those regarding the
to region.. Knights of the Round Table evolved
significantly during the Middle Ages in
most European countries, such as
A) particularly
France, Germany and England..
B) uniquely
A) excessively
C) unfortunately
B) especially
D) virtually
C) efficiently
E) widely
D) eventually
96. One of the most controversial
E) exceedingly
educational------- today is the continuing
decline in student learning standards at
state schools throughout Australia.. 100. Human population studies at ozone
levels currently observed in Europe
have reached inconsistent conclusions
A) expenses
regarding -------- of ozone on the
B) issues frequency of asthma..

C) traces A) effects
D) fulfillments B) resources
E) plants C) selections

97. Cheese is a concentrated source of D) means

almost all the valuable nutrients found in
E) decisions
milk, such as protein, vitamins, and
minerals, as well as the less desirable fat
and cholesterol, substances that may
lead to health problems when ------- in
excess..

A) consumed

B) responded

C) satisfied

D) suggested

E) improved
6
1. Over the centuries earthquakes have 5. The most famous period of ancient Greek
been ------- for millions of deaths and an civilization is called the Classical Age,
incalculable amount of damage to which -------from about 480 to 323 BC..
property..
A) interacted
A) conceivable
B) lasted
B) responsible
C) received
C) kindly
D) inflicted
D) previously
E) tackled
E) legally
6. By the beginning of the Christian era,
2. If a student appears to be -------behind the Romans had created a ------- empire
the expected level for a class, a teacher from Asia Minor to what is now France
may require them to take a remedial and Great Britain..
class..
A) favorable
A) carefully
B) available
B) fluently
C) indefinite
C) immediately
D) personal
D) ultimately
E) vast
E) significantly
7. Some people may consider someone who
3. One of the biggest problems for autistic works -------long hours to be a
children is difficulty in social --------.. workaholic, but that has not proven to
be entirely true..
A) consideration
A) widely
B) interaction
B) extremely
C) assumption
C) clearly
D) innovation
D) evenly
E) expression
E) consistently
4. The invention of educational radio in the
1920s and the ---- of television in the 8. Located on the coast of India, Kerala is
1940s created important new forms of one of the most popular tourist -------
communication for use in distance that attract tourists from all part of the
education.. globe..

A) expression A) consequences

B) advent B) interventions

C) intervention C) efforts

D) pollutant D) impairments

E) outbreak E) destinations
9. A promising treatment for a rare
childhood disorder characterized by
rapid aging and death ------- and even
reversed the most devastating effect of
the disease in mice..
13. In late 2006, a statistical study of deaths
that -----after the invasion of Iraq ignited
a storm of controversy..
A) advanced

A) noticed B) predicted

B) separated C) represented

C) struggled D) occurred

D) prevented E) attained

E) consulted
14. Species diversity is -------- to the proper
functioning of ecosystems and is the
10. During the mid- to late 1920s, the stock basis of biological wealth and
market in the United States underwent - adaptability..
------ expansion..
A) infamous
A) near
B) reluctant
B) present
C) vital
C) rapid
D) disabled
D) ancient
E) abusive
E) vital
15. Tree sitting is -------what it sounds like; it
11. Some businessmen ---- under-report is a form of protest which involves
their income by up to 50 per cent to sitting in a tree..
avoid government taxes..
A) strongly
A) mainly
B) exactly
B) doubtfully
C) responsibly
C) regularly
D) particularly
D) receptively
E) currently
E) chiefly
16. Poor families often rely on the labors of
12. The human brain gives people many their children for survival, and
special --------------, the most outstanding sometimes it is their only source of -
of which is the ability to speak.. ------..

A) profits A) disorder

B) compensations B) income

C) competitions C) trust

D) abilities D) output

E) surplus E) tradition

17. Public transportation is typically ------- as

transportation operating along a fixed
route, with an established time schedule,
for a single fare..

A) devised

B) collapsed

C) defined

D) interfered

E) occurred
18. Although each business cycle has its own
------- characteristics, all business cycles
share certain similarities..
A) indifferent
22. One century after the sweet potato was
introduced into south China; it became a
dominant crop and was largely ------- for
a population explosion that created what
today is called Cantonese culture..

B) unique A) impressive
C) exact B) objective
D) nasty C) mutual
E) minute D) responsible

E) necessarily
19. Laser eye surgery is an -------popular
method for correcting vision problems,
but it is not suitable for all types of 23. The bolero is considered a -------easy
vision problems.. dance to learn, yet difficult to master
properly. .
A) harmfully
A) strongly
B) initially
B) probably
C) increasingly
C) merely
D) briefly
D) relevantly
E) conventionally
E) fairly
20. Despite all ------- to decipher the code, it
remained enigma.. 24. From the plays of William Shakespeare
to the music of the Sex Pistols, British
art has had a tremendous ------- on world
A) conflicts
culture..
B) reductions
A) corruption
C) neglects
B) mystery
D) attempts
C) impact
E) protections
D) identity
21. Of course, nobody knows what the
E) effort
outcome of the election will be but at the
moment Malcolm is ------- as the most
likely candidate.. 25. Experts have been ------- to harness the
power of the wave since the late 19th
century..
A) overcome

B) monitored A) overcoming
C) regarded B) condemning
D) forced C) discharging
E) achieved D) revealing

E) attempting
26. Pakistan is one of the most -------
countries in the world these days
particularly due to war against
terrorism..
30. The virtually ------- variations on life are
the fruit of the evolutionary process..
A) independent

A) productive B) false

B) significant C) generous

C) similar D) infinite

D) recurrent E) capable

E) available
31. In the past 25 years, the number of
children’s museums has increased ----..
27. Perhaps because the Egyptians were
concerned with making structures that
A) instantly
would be ------- permanent, they tended
to use the arch only in auxiliary or B) separately
utilitarian buildings such as granaries..
C) frequently
A) successively D) commonly
B) sensitively
E) rapidly
C) extremely
32. Over the past 50 years, humans have
D) collaboratively changed ecosystems more rapidly and
extensively than in any comparable
E) broadly
period of time in human history, largely
to meet rapidly growing -------..
28. While it is possible that the death of
elderly couples within a short time of
A) decisions
each other could occur by chance, there
is compelling ----suggesting a causal B) consequences
link..
C) demands
A) predictor D) inhabitants
B) evidence E) impairments
C) conflict
33. Many regular elementary and secondary
D) definition schools in the United States ------- special
programs designed specifically to meet
E) consideration
the needs of gifted students..

29. Sustainable development means building

A) evolve
our communities so that we can all live
comfortably without -------- all of our B) disappear
resources..
C) offer
A) anticipating D) affect
B) consuming E) claim
C) disappearing

D) condemning

E) attaining
34. Technologically advanced societies have 38. The main cause of deforestation in
become increasingly ------- on external Ethiopia is a growing population and
energy sources for transportation, the subsequent higher ------- for agriculture,
production of many manufactured goods, livestock production and fuel wood..
and the delivery of energy services..
A) argument
A) dissatisfied
B) demand
B) serious
C) benefit
C) dependent
D) assumption
D) widespread
E) output
E) respective
39. In the future, we can look forward to
35. -------of working in softer metals, more solar energy homes and cars that
particularly gold and copper, has been perform up to the standards we -------
found in ancient Egypt and from traditional fuel sources..
Mesopotamia..
A) emerge
A) Landslide
B) regulate
B) Evidence
C) attain
C) Makeup
D) expect
D) Peace
E) state
E) Income
40. The formation of tropical cyclones is the
36. Industrial robotics can be ------- as a topic of ------- ongoing research and is
combination of numerical-control and still not fully understood..
tele-operator technologies..
A) scarce
A) predicted
B) susceptible
B) owned
C) extensive
C) carried
D) violent
D) contained
E) relative
E) considered
41. To better understand the ------- of
37. The presence or absence of craters on a current changes to ecosystems and to
planet’s surface is one of the most evaluate scenarios for the future, UN
important clues -------to planetary Secretary General Kofi Annan launched a
scientists.. comprehensive scientific study..

A) available A) consequences

B) undesirable B) identities

C) sustainable C) generations

D) unknown D) attempts

E) various E) expressions
42. Born in Rome on July 12 or 13, 100 bc,
Caesar -------to a prestigious family that
had been powerful in Roman politics for
more than a century..
A) improved
46. Years ago, memory loss was considered
to simply be a/an ------- part of aging.
Today, however, we know that memory
loss once considered normal now may be
an early sign of disease, or mild
cognitive impairment (MCI)..

B) overlooked A) native
C) belonged B) inevitable
D) settled C) effective
E) polluted D) convenient

43. Methanol and ethanol are typically not
primary sources of energy; however,
they are a/an ------- way to store the
energy for transportation..
E) additional
47. One reason the Romans invaded Britain
was its mineral -------..

A) annual A) compensation

B) convenient B) management

C) excessive C) wealth

D) underlying D) argument

E) fluent E) corruption

44. Dams are used to restrict or divert the
normal flow of water in rivers and
streams for a variety of -------..
A) purposes
48. In the late 20th century archaeologists -
------ evidence of human habitation
before 8000 BC in an area in the
southwestern corner of Egypt, near the
border with Sudan..

B) concepts A) compensated
C) characteristics B) discovered
D) excavations C) devised
E) devices D) spread

E) swept
45. As one of the world's earliest major and
long-lived civilizations, ancient Egypt left
a legacy of important innovations, 49. Ecosystems are being transformed, and,
discoveries, and contributions that have in some cases, irreversibly degraded, a
------- humankind over the millennia.. large number of species have gone -
------in recent history..
A) attempted
A) domestic
B) affected
B) sufficient
C) disliked
C) extinct
D) excluded
D) widespread
E) comprised
E) unique
50. Many people see technology as a/an - 54. When a holistic view is taken of the
------to some of the problems that exist nuclear waste disposal process, the risks
on our planet.. ------- extremely small, yet among the
general public these risks are one of the
most feared aspects of the nuclear fuel
A) competition
cycle..
B) discharge
A) collapse
C) estimate
B) examine
D) solution
C) declare
E) citizen
D) damage
51. Studies indicate that physically stressed
E) seem
human biological systems may ------- to
fluctuations in the geomagnetic field..
55. Atoms are now such a -------idea that it is
hard to remember how radical they used
A) respond
to seem..
B) contradict
A) innovative
C) assure
B) excessive
D) claim
C) commonplace
E) compare
D) favorable
52. The date of Homer was -------in antiquity,
E) incorrect
and is no less so today..

56. Since few physical -------or artifacts

A) necessary
survive from the beer making process,
B) competent very little is known about the diffusion of
beer making..
C) controversial
A) remains
D) valuable

E) prevalent B) wages

C) races
53. Regardless of the government’s role, -
------made in a free market economy are D) rights
primarily made by the ‘invisible hand’ of
E) stones
market forces..

57. Unfortunately both the variety and

A) decisions
extent of coral diseases are -
B) outbreaks ------dramatically..

C) intakes A) benefiting
D) devices B) advertising
E) expenses C) increasing

D) conducting

E) depending

58. Fats, the most concentrated energy source

in foods, are -------to proper body functions..

A) successive

B) essential

C) tedious

D) violent

E) sensible
59. In economics, unemployment statistics 63. The world's primary international
measures the condition and -------of agreement on -------global warming is the
joblessness within an economy.. Kyoto Protocol..

A) inhabitant A) struggle

B) output B) fulfilling

C) disorder C) neglecting

D) extent D) fostering

E) evidence E) combating

60. Distance education programs enable 64. Despite the ------- political chaos of the
learners and teachers to ------- with each Middle Ages and the Renaissance, a new
other by means of computers, artificial civilization grew up in Europe during the
satellites, telephones, radio or television period..
broadcasting, or other technologies..
A) wise
A) object
B) unique
B) interact
C) satisfactory
C) overcome
D) apparent
D) leave
E) unsafe
E) notice
65. As to whether global warming will
61. The actual causes of the Great increase the number of tornadoes, we
Depression are much more ------- than have no -------..
just the stock market crash..
A) condition
A) profitable
B) amount
B) progressive
C) disease
C) complicated
D) clue
D) suspicious
E) access
E) preventive
66. As Germany has numerous economic
62. Modern ------- in refrigeration and actors, a high degree of coordination has
transportation have eliminated the been required to ------- adequate growth,
influence of climate and adverse weather balanced foreign trade and stable
conditions in milk distribution.. prices..

A) outbreaks A) survive

B) improvements B) achieve

C) indicators C) threaten

D) pollutants D) respond

E) contradictions E) tackle
67. Until the construction of the Trans-
Siberian railway at the end of the 20th
century, Siberia remained -------to
everybody except for local nomads such
as the Huns, Yenets, and Uyghurs..
71. Rural development has always been an
important -------in all discussions
pertaining to economic development,
especially in developing countries,
throughout the world..

A) substantial A) makeup

B) preventive B) issue

C) violent C) impact

D) inaccessible D) innovation

E) susceptible E) prediction

68. Sporadic ------- in and around Amphipolis
have revealed a few ancient ruins, but of
the city itself little is visible today..
A) rewards
B) interests
72. With an increase in drug-resistant
diseases in hospitals around the globe,
health officials are beginning to take
measures to ------- awareness about the
potential danger from overuse of
antibiotics in both human and animal
populations..

C) excavations A) allocate
D) stages B) adjust
E) incomes C) raise

69. The command economic system relies on D) require

the government to ------- how the
E) gain
country's resources would best be
allocated. .
73. Hurricane Katrina was one of the
strongest, most deadly, and most -
A) limit
------storms to make landfall in the
B) improve United States, as of 2007..

C) abuse A) fertile
D) decide B) clear
E) acquire C) costly

70. Though humans have always been - D) unsafe

------of gravity, there have been many
E) valuable
attempts to accurately explain it
throughout the years, and theories must
regularly be improved upon to account 74. The -------of climate change expected
for previously unconsidered aspects of over the next 100 years is
gravity.. unprecedented in human history..

A) complicated A) rate

B) familiar B) argument

C) aware C) definition

D) rare D) establishment

E) relative E) reduction
75. The most effective distance education
employs several telecommunications
media linked together so that learners
can ------- from the strengths of each..
A) reprimand
79. As more and more consumers are -
------about sustainability and the
environment, a growing number of
corporations have stepped up, claiming
to be improving their environmental
practices and reforming their industries..

B) condemn A) limited
C) assure B) concerned
D) construct C) widespread
E) benefit D) conventional

E) favorable
76. A credit card is not a requirement for
successful living, but even those who
only pay for goods or services with 80. The American Revolution began in 1775
available cash often find a credit card to as open ------- between the united
be a ------- form of identification and thirteen colonies and Great Britain..
instant credibility..
A) slavery
A) brief
B) arrival
B) existing
C) assessment
C) obvious
D) conflict
D) underlying
E) attempt
E) convenient
81. Wastewater can -------of industrial waste,
77. Microscopes are mechanical -------used human waste (or sewage), or run off
for viewing objects and materials so from rainwater..
minute in size that they are
undetectable by the naked eye..
A) lack

A) species B) alter

B) subjects C) appear

C) predictions D) consist

D) devices E) convince

E) issues
82. Being warm-blooded, mammals are -
------of traveling through and hunting in
78. Energy is the basis of industrial areas where reptiles and large insects
civilization; without energy, modern life cannot..
would -------to exist..
A) satisfactory
A) improve
B) uncomfortable
B) cause
C) capable
C) cease
D) profitable
D) disappear
E) necessary
E) arise
83. Written language is actually a visual - 87. Nanotechnologies refer to technologies
------of the spoken words that we use to which -------the unique properties of tiny
communicate.. particles of nanometre size (millionths of
a millimetre)..
A) representation
A) exploit
B) addition
B) defence
C) consequence
C) differ
D) determination
D) explode
E) acquisition
E) indicate
84. Glass is an amorphous solid that has
been around in various forms for 88. A race is a group of people that come
thousands of years and has been - from a -------background..
------for human use since 12, 000 BCE..
A) infinite
A) astonished
B) affluent
B) abused
C) average
C) manufactured
D) common
D) determined
E) extinct
E) described
89. For now we should focus on -------wind
85. If a person does not know how to read, it power and solar power strategies to
is -------to review a document before replace our dependence on oil. .
signing it, fill out a job application,
interpret a standard map, read the
A) fluctuating
ingredients on a package of food or
medicine, or understand caution signs.. B) implementing

A) incorrect C) depleting

B) efficient D) jeopardizing

C) doubtful E) involving

D) impossible 90. Some people are infected with HIV

without being -------of it..
E) essential

A) capable
86. The Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries(OPEC) was created B) abrupt
in 1960 to unify and protect the -------of
oil-producing countries.. C) fertile

D) aware
A) definitions
E) gradual
B) concerns

C) interests 91. Perhaps because of the ------- of his

father's medical profession, Aristotle's
D) eruptions philosophy laid its principal stress on
biology, in contrast to Plato's emphasis
E) behaviors
on mathematics..

A) attempt

B) approach

C) concern

D) influence

E) course
92. The discovery of the use of fire helped to 96. Anesthesia is a/an-------part of surgical
------ humans from other animals.. practice, allowing doctors to operate
safely and painlessly on patients..
A) derive
A) unique
B) benefit
B) tedious
C) eradicate
C) vital
D) distinguish
D) progressive
E) discard
E) irreversible
93. Most countries regulate the practice of
engineering, because engineers 97. In 1973 DDT was banned in the U.S.
participate in projects which could be except for use in extreme health -------..
very dangerous if conducted without -
------training..
A) innovations

A) apparent B) means

B) harmful C) emergencies

C) inevitable D) fulfillments

D) proper E) competitions

E) adverse
98. Four primary branches have developed
within agricultural engineering, based on
94. Over the past 10, 000 years, humans the problems -------..
have learned to control their -------to
food and other necessities of life by
A) reached
changing the behaviors and natures of
wild animals.. B) deceived

A) attention C) exploited

B) exposure D) encountered

C) access E) carried

D) susceptibility 99. Humanism is a/an ------- term

E) indifference
95. It's a popular misconception that
astronauts ------weightlessness during
space travel because they are outside
the field of gravitational force of a large
body..
encompassing various movements in the
arts, philosophical stances, and broad
applications to disciplines like
psychology and education..
A) unfavourable
B) variable

A) tackle C) enormous

B) experience D) preventive

C) progress E) necessary

D) thrive

E) disrupt
100. A number of groups within the
population have potentially increased
vulnerability to the effects of -------to air
pollutants..

A) exception

B) assistance

C) availability

D) exposure

E) contribution
1
1. I'm afraid I can't ____ the signature on 6. Since most of the world’s commercial
this painting but it has been signed.. apples lack genetic diversity, they are
unable to ____ a disease or a pest..
A) make out
A) put away
B) take out
B) hold up
C) find out
C) fight off
D) turn back
D) get off
E) put down
E) break out
2. The top research universities in the
U.S.A.are ____ the fact that women 7. The atmosphere ____ the earth as if it
researchers are encountering substantial were a huge roof..
barriers to career advancement..
A) breaks up
A) waiting for
B) makes for
B) pulling out of
C) hangs over
C) facing up to
D) puts off
D) trying out
E) runs over
E) turning up
8. He’s basically a very reallient person so
3. His doctor ____ advising him to take it you can be sure he’ll soon ____ this
easy for a while and stop all over time disappointment..
but he didn't listen..
A) make out
A) made up
B) put through
B) kept on
C) get over
C) ran through
D) look up
D) left out
E) fall through
E) played down
9. Due to the industrialisation and
4. The problem of how to ____ the vast colonisation, the nineteenth century ____
quantities of waste we produce, requires the greatest expansion of wealth the
our urgent attention.. world had ever known..

A) bring up A) brought about

B) win over B) put off

C) find out C) held up

D) put off D) gave in

E) deal with E) set off

5. Once the children have grown up I shall 10. The two archaeologists have tried hard
start travelling again, and I'm really ____ to read the inscription in old Latin, but I
that.. do not think they have ____ what it really
means..
A) passing on to
A) got away with
B) waiting up for
B) written off
C) looking forward to
C) taken after
D) making up for
D) made out
E) going along with
E) brought up
11. Though there are millions of ecosystems 16. I would like to open a private old
that ------- our world, there are two major people’s home but I don’t know yet how
types, terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic to ____ it..
ecosystem..
A) look through
A) make up
B) set about
B) make up for
C) rush upon
C) keep up with
D) put on
D) go through
E) turn on
E) account for
17. Following the bomb explosion in the
12. In 1944, there was general acceptance shopping centre, the police have been
and support for the ---- of the first warning people to ____ any suspicious-
International Monetary Fund and the looking parcel..
World Bank to help stabilize the world
economy..
A) rely on

A) setting up B) run through

B) making up C) take over

C) taking up D) watch out for

D) holding up E) send for

E) bringing up
18. After that last incident, even the
manager admits that we can ____ their
13. As managing director he is expected services..
to_____ himself the sole responsibility for
launching the campaign..
A) go on

A) make for B) do without

B) take upon C) put out

C) care for D) show off

D) bring about E) break into

E) lock into
19. I don’t know how the nurse ____ the
constant demands of that elderly
14. The tragedy would never have happened patient..
if they had not _____ from the main
group..
A) thinks over

A) run out B) changes over

B) cut out C) puts up with

C) taken over D) wakes up

D) turned off E) turns on

E) broken away
20. I was astonished to learn how such an
experienced man as Dr Foster could be
15. He was rather ____ when he learned that ____by her tricks..
his proposal had been turned down..
A) locked up
A) hurried on
B) found out
B) sent away
C) run over
C) found out
D) made up
D) seen to
E) taken in
E) put out
21. The children of today are healthier and 26. Before I send this article to the editor,
better ____ than those of the past, and I’d be grateful if you could ____ it for me..
far fewer of them die in infancy..
A) watch out
A) disposed of
B) look up
B) fed up
C) break through
C) rounded up
D) take over
D) looked into
E) go through
E) cared for
27. Whatever the pressures put upon him, I
22. As my secretary will be away for a think it is highly unlikely that James
couple of days, would you be kind would ever ____ anyone..
enough to ____ my correspondence?.
A) walk away with
A) play back
B) give in to
B) bring off
C) make up for
C) take care of
D) get away with
D) return to
E) fall through
E) turn off
28. Jean Chritien ---- after more than ten
23. In an effort to ____ the rate of inflation years as Canada's prime minister..
many banks have raised their interest
rates..
A) steps down

A) run out of B) makes out

B) watch out C) runs out

C) stand by D) holds up

D) put out E) points out

E) keep up with
29. At the board meeting, his suggestion
was_____ as it seemed politically
24. In China's largest psychiatric facility controversial..
there is a serious lack of resources but
the staff try hard to ---- this in their
A) put out
treatment of the patients..
B) taken out
A) come up with
C) held in
B) go in for
D) burst into
C) put up with
E) cast aside
D) set oat for
30. As soon as the leak in the boiler was
E) make up for
noticed, one of the engineers was
naturally_____ ..
25. I had my doubts about her when I took
her on, but now I’m pleased to say that
A) taken after
she has____ to be a talented executive..
B) run down
A) taken up
C) made out
B) run over
D) sent for
C) turned out
E) turned up
D) made out

E) carried on
31. I don’t know how we are going to ____ the 36. It is hard for a tiger, especially an
expected surge of immigrants into the inexperienced one, to ____ how to attack
country.. an animal that is facing it..

A) run through A) figure out

B) cope with B) keep away

C) put out C) rule out

D) take down D) fall back

E) look over E) run over

32. Despite the gusty wind they were able to
put out the fire before it ____ ..
A) fell off
37. Natural disasters have been defined as
ecological disruptions exceeding the
adjustment capacity of a community and
____outside assistance..

B) was taken into account A) stepping up

C) was held out B) putting up with
D) got out of hand C) look after
E) broke up D) calling for

33. The Jewish immigrants, who ____ the boat
in England, formed the bulk of the ethnic
groups arriving in a country historically
wary of foreigners..
A) took after
E) dealing with
38. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing
helped to convince certain states in
America to ____capital punishment in the
late 1960s and early 1970s..

B) got off A) keep down

C) turned up B) rule against
D) made up C) put out
E) showed off D) point out

E) break through
34. I don’t know how we are going to ____ the
expected surge of immigrants into the
country.. 39. A hundred years ago the chestnut ____ a
quarter of the hardwood trees in
America..
A) look over

B) run through A) turned down

C) put out B) got through
D) take down C) made up
E) cope with D) made out

E) put down
35. Before the meeting begins, it would be
advisable to remind him that he is not on
any account to ____ the subject of
unemployment insurance..

A) look through

B) bring up

C) take back

D) break out

E) make out
40. In the introduction to this book, the
writer ----- a foreign policy that makes
world peace the top priority..
A) calls for
44. The population of the underdeveloped
countries is growing so fast that the
agricultural activities there are unable
to----- the progressively rising demand
for food..

B) holds out A) keep up with

C) keeps up B) look out for
D) puts on C) make sure of
E) brings about D) bring up

41. In the early twentieth century, a number
of scientists, who had been trained as
physicists, were interested in the study
of biological organisms, and their efforts
----- the field we now call molecular
biology..
A) took leave of
B) made up for
C) gave rise to
D) showed up
E) fell apart
42. Because critical periods occur
throughout pregnancy, a woman should
continuously ----- her health..
A) keep in with
E) sort out
45. The man who created the first computer
virus has been sentenced to 20 months
in an American federal prison, and it is
generally agreed that he has been -----
very lightly..
A) shown up
B) let off
C) taken down
D) given up
E) brought in
46. The foreman has a way of making
most people do what he wants, but
somehow I don't think he'll manage to -
---- the new director!.

B) put up with A) get around

C) find out B) make up for
D) take good care of C) turn over
E) look up to D) keep up with

43. Among the Maori of New Zealand, each
community has developed its own way
of----- crimes and has chosen a number
of different punishments to match
them..
A) holding up
E) rule out
47. The first two paragraphs ____ the
particular requirements of the digital
environment as the source of data and
as a means of producing maps and other
visualisations..

B) coming along A) lay emphasis on

C) dealing with B) run out of
D) paying for C) break through
E) taking over D) stop short of

E) look down on
48. Pakistan ---- the Indus and its tributaries
for almost half of its irrigation supplies..

A) turns back

B) waits for

C) takes to

D) pulls up

E) relies on

49. As Egypt ---- its biggest irrigation

project, the Pharaohs' dream of
spreading their kingdoms into the
deserts coming true..

A) puts off

B) embarks on

C) breaks up

D) tries on

E) shows up

50. Many experiments ---- blood composition

are carried out in this laboratory..

A) related to

B) led from

C) followed through

D) contained in

E) denied by
2
1. Many of the lesser developed countries 5. The suggestions put forward by the
find it hard to ---- the more developed research team were immediately ---- by
ones, due to the rapid advances in management and will shortly go into
technology.. effect..

A) make up for A) made out

B) keep up with B) taken up

C) look out for C) ruled out

D) turn upon D) put off

E) run through E) turned back

2. The new engineer is highly 6. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by

knowledgeable; but can we ---- him to Becquerel, who noticed that salts
lead the team successfully?. containing uranium ___ radiations..

A) run on A) got off

B) put on B) held up

C) make on C) sent off

D) take up D) came up with

E) rely on E) turned away

3. Over two million corn farmers in Mexico 7. The subject of the statistics is ___ the
have been ---- business following the calculation of the forces acting on and
import of heavily subsidised corn from within structures that are
the US.. in equilibrium..

A) put out of A) taken care of

B) brought up to B) turned up

C) made up for C) kept off

D) played down to D) given rise to

E) shown up to E) concerned with

4. Various treaties and conferences have - 8. Science requires the testing of its ideas
--- the prohibition of chemical warfare.. or theories to see if its predictions are
___ by experiment..
A) looked down
A) made up
B) put up with
B) borne out
C) turned off
C) closed in
D) filled in
D) put off
E) dealt with
E) sorted out

9. All science is ---- the fact that every

natural event has a natural cause..

A) come across

B) put through

C) carried on

D) based on

E) set off
10. In an effort to ---- air-pollution levels in 14. I hope predictions that we'll begin to ----
busy cities, driving is banned in 150 oil around the year 2015 will convince
cities in Italy for 10 hours every Sunday.. people to use this precious resource
more sparingly..
A) put up with
A) run out of
B) force out
B) bring about
C) cut back on
C) slow down
D) move off with
D) make do with
E) bring off
E) send out for
11. A motion study of assembly procedures -
--- the design and disposition of the 15. In the first half of the 20 th century
bench, tools, containers and materials many scientists ---- liquid crystals as
used.. chemical impurities with no scientific or
practical merit..
A) gets on with
A) put down
B) makes up for
B) wrote off
C) puts pressure on
C) let go of
D) takes into account
D) took care of
E) cuts free from
E) left out
12. Ideally, the production of any given
commodity will be ---- at the point of 16. When World War I began, one military
minimum costs.. item that no nation ---- in large numbers
was the helmet..
A) found out
A) took over
B) brought up
B) had on hand
C) made over
C) made up
D) carried on
D) kept on
E) looked for
E) put up with
13. The fuel used by ships and aircraft to
bring food and drink to Britain ---- 4 17. ---- by data from the Galileo mission to
million tonnes of CO2 emissions.. Jupiter, scientists think a 40, 000 km-
thick molten layer of metallic hydrogen
lurks below Jupiter's clouds..
A) bangs out

B) deals with A) Got over

C) accounts for B) Carried away
D) gets through C) Put off
E) spends up D) Played out

E) Backed up
18. Most of our exposure to organic mercury 23. By one account, the team ---- the
—eating oily fish such as tuna.. desired compound in just three days..

A) plays up A) drove through

B) turns into B) turned over

C) comes from C) came up with

D) finds out D) put up with

E) puts up with E) made up for

19. Apparently the drop in farm incomes 24. The moon maps are incomplete but it is
had nothing to — the introduction of hoped that the 2008 lunar orbiter will ----
modern farming methods.. the gaps for us..

A) close down A) make up

B) make out B) fill in

C) sort out C) lay out

D) force out D) put over

E) do with E) work out

20. A great many so-called useful gadgets 25. This particular herbicide seems to
sound great in theory but ---- in practice, be environmental-friendly, and they plan
don’t you agree?. to ---- its effect on broad-leaved plants..

A) make do A) cope with

B) pull down B) hold up

C) turn over C) run through

D) fall short D) try out

E) keep up E) break into

21. Couldn’t we ensure that all critical 26. The brain and spinal cord ---- the
networks are kept securely ---- from the central nervous system..
rest of the world?.
A) stand for
A) taken away
B) turn down
B) left out
C) make up
C) put down
D) get on
D) made over
E) count on
E) cut off
27. As he has taken those antibiotics, it will
22. The government's nuclear adviser ---- be very difficult to ---- just what the
that so far no radioactive contamination problem is..
has been found outside the test site..
A) turn up
A) points out
B) give up
B) puts out
C) put down
C) sets up
D) find out
D) takes over
E) look up
E) gets in
28. I don't know how the nurse ---- the 33. Fossils are the traces of ancient life, and
constant demands of that elderly they are used to ------- more about the
patient.. history of life on Earth..

A) thinks over A) draw up

B) changes over B) run out

C) turns on C) find out

D) wakes up D) die out

E) puts up with E) cope with

29. The main focus of the research to be ---- 34. Patients seeking to ---- scars have
by a multidisciplinary team will be the several options, depending on the depth
study of the genes and proteins of of the scar..
organisms in the context of their
informational pathways or networks..
A) get rid of

A) looked after B) sort out

B) carried out C) take back

C) made out D) get along with

D) settled down E) fold over

E) brought about
35. Osteoclasts are cells that ---- bone in
the normal course of bone
30. We will ---- this treatment for a further replenishment..
week by which time recovery should be
complete..
A) show off

A) take down B) pull through

B) bring in C) break down

C) run out D) put out

D) put through E) cut off

E) keep to
36. Medical science is advancing at such a
pace that it is virtually impossible to ----
31. Fat can be ---- for energy only by all the latest developments even within
aerobic metabolism.. one's own specialist field..

A) brought up A) take up

B) cut out B) keep up with

C) put down C) carry out

D) broken down D) pull out of

E) turned on E) look down on

32. Current psychiatric theory holds that

hysteria is the body's attempt to -
------psychological distress..

A) deal with

B) bring about

C) depend on

D) come into

E) benefit from
37. Logic design is the area of computer 41. Only after a great deal of pressure had
science that deals with the design of been ---- the registrar did he agree to
electronic circuits to -------the operations give up the recovery ward in favor of a
of the control unit.. second operating theatre..

A) carry out A) weighed up

B) bring up B) taken to

C) give rise to C) put on

D) make up D) brought down

E) call for E) turned over

38. Agricultural chemistry -------other vital 42. With the increasingly ageing population
farming concerns, such as the in the UK 'home telecare' now ---- on the
application of fertilizer, insecticides, and list of priorities..
fungicides, soil makeup, analysis of
agricultural products, and nutritional
A) lights up
needs of farm animals..
B) looks up
A) relies on
C) makes do
B) accounts for
D) points out
C) deals with
E) ranks high
D) depends on
43. The findings could also help researchers
E) brings about
to ---- ways to improve the brain's
recovery after other kinds of damage..
39. Our pediatrician said we should always -
---- her if the little boy's temperature
A) work out
continued for more than 24 hours..
B) put out
A) come across
C) turn in
B) get in touch with
D) bring through
C) look forward to
E) take over
D) make up to
44. There are certain signs of improvement
E) look into
in his general condition so the doctors
feel he is going to ---- ..
40. He claims he has ---- a cure for the
common cold, but I don't suppose he
A) break down
has..
B) pull through
A) waited for
C) make up
B) made sure of
D) bring off
C) put through
E) clear out
D) taken care of

E) come up with
45. The world of medicine changes so fast 50. Iron must be in the reduced or ferrous
that it is impossible to ---- with most of form for absorption to ----..
the latest developments..
A) come across
A) look over
B) make do
B) make do
C) turn on
C) look forward
D) take place
D) bring forth
E) get across
E) keep up

46. The article gives a lucid account of the

measures being taken to deal with SARS
and it is ---- useful graphs and maps..

A) taken up with

B) backed up with

C) set down to

D) made out to

E) brought up with

47. She's certainly recovering quite well

from the operation, but she doesn't ----
going back to teaching a class of 8-yea-
-olds!.

A) do well by

B) look down on

C) feel up to

D) make up for

E) find out about

48. PTSD sufferers often feel emotionally

numb and ---- the people closest to
them..

A) put up with

B) cut off from

C) make up to

D) come up with

E) run out of

49. Patients seeking to ---- scars have

several options depending on the depth
of the scar..

A) look out for

B) make do with

C) get rid of

D) turn down

E) throw up
3
1. Patients want to believe that their 6. The Government has ---- a set of new
physicians ---- them as people, not just policies and measures which are
as patients. . designed to combat violence in the big
towns..
A) put up with
A) got off
B) care about
B) found out
C) take after
C) let down
D) look into
D) taken down
E) pull through
E) worked out
2. If it rains, the football match will be ----
until next week.. 7. In his fiction William Faulkner uses a
complex literary style that seems to -----
his intricate themes of good and evil..
A) given out

B) put off A) fit in with

C) turned off B) put up with
D) run through C) clear out
E) taken on D) make out

E) take after
3. It has become a fashion among film stars
to use some of their money to ---- needy
children.. 8. Ideals are hard to define because their
definition -------- values - people’s beliefs
and ideas about what is important..
A) do with

B) make up A) accounts for

C) go without B) keeps abreast of
D) put up with C) looks for
E) provide for D) depends on

E) calls for
4. From the evidence, it seems pretty
obvious that someone ---- the office
sometime during the night.. 9. Phobic individuals may spend much time
worrying about their fears and may be
too frightened to------- normal activities..
A) found out

B) took after A) account for

C) broke into B) carry out
D) made out C) wipe out
E) ran up D) give rise to

E) come up with
5. The Judge quickly ---- his notes
before sentencing the accused..

A) took over

B) made up

C) looked through

D) put off

E) found out
10. Historians have only recently begun to 14. I’m sure the boy is not really backward,
note the increase in demand for luxury but it is certainly difficult for him to ----
goods and services that------- in the other students in his class..
eighteenth-century England..
A) pull up
A) relied on
B) make up for
B) took place
C) keep up with
C) wiped out
D) turn down
D) kept abreast of
E) take over
E) gave rise to
15. The visitors were taken to the airport,
11. Almost all the villages in New Guinea and there they were ----by the assistant
are surrounded by shrubby zones where manager..
people have ---- the original rain forest
and planted gardens..
A) made off

A) kept out B) seen off

B) wrapped up C) put through

C) made up D) turned out

D) cleared away E) looked over

E) sealed off
16. Every community in the world
recognizes certain activities as crimes,
12. He admits that he has not yet fully — the and has developed its own way of-
true Implications or the logical ---them..
conclusions of his startling discovery..
A) depending on
A) given back
B) breaking into
B) thought out
C) looking after
C) played down
D) making for
D) taken over
E) dealing with
E) backed out
17. In Italy, even judges and priests who
13. Their state assets were — to foreign have been brave enough to ---- the
capital at bargain prices.. Mafia, have been brutally and
indiscriminately murdered..
A) paid off
A) stand up against
B) brought up
B) put out of
C) auctioned off
C) strike up against
D) put through
D) run over
E) closed down
E) follow up
18. Out of the work of the great thinkers of 22. The article ---- that Martin Luther
the seventeenth century was developed King's fundamentalist views were
a new outlook on the world, and it was foreign to his liberal allies..
this outlook which ---- the decay of the
belief in witchcraft and other
A) holds up
superstitions..
B) deals with
A) got rid of
C) pulls through
B) drove off
D) points out
C) made up
E) writes out
D) brought about
23. I can't believe that the treasurer really
E) kept out
has ---- with all the club's funds..

19. Their aim must be to ---- the barriers

A) turned over
that hinder the free flow of information
between employees, systems and B) cut off
devices..
C) made out
A) run up
D) run off
B) close up E) put up
C) pull through
24. In the opinion of some leading
D) break down economists, Germany as a whole has
certainly not been ---- over the past
E) turn down
decade..

20. Most people would be ---- by the idea of

A) taking on
a computer that contains living brain
cells.. B) doing well

A) made over C) coping with

B) turned down D) piling up

C) found out E) holding out

D) played down 25. Around 1665, Newton became interested

in light, and in optics, the branch of
E) put off
science ---- it..

21. Some readers of the novel may -

A) making for
---feeling that the plot structure is not
well-organized.. B) dealing with

A) fall through C) coping with

B) end up D) running over

C) get away with E) taking after

D) make up 26. In Roman times the theatre at Miletus

was ---- seating 1, 500 people..
E) get off

A) prepared to

B) capable of

C) made into

D) replaced by

E) released from
27. They telephoned from the library to say 32. Every time we turn on our lights, cook a
that they had found the book I was meal or heat our homes, we are ---- some
looking for, but it ---- to be the wrong form of fuel to make it happen..
edition..
A) sending for
A) put over
B) waiting on
B) showed up
C) relying on
C) made out
D) making out
D) turned out
E) pulling through
E) came up
33. The French explorer M. Peisel was
28. In this test, the candidate is shown as touring Tibet when he first ---- a series of
many as 20 different pictures of persons tall, mysterious, star-shaped stone
and scenes, and is asked to ---- a story towers along the Chinese border..
about each..
A) got through
A) put out
B) came across
B) make up
C) felt for
C) put up
D) made up
D) take to
E) ran over
E) look into
34. If your brother phones, be sure to ask
29. Indo-European peoples began entering him if he really has ---- smoking..
Greece in about 2000 B.C. and ---- new
civilizations there..
A) given up

A) came out B) put away

B) looked after C) made out

C) set up D) opened up

D) got on E) turned off

E) kept away
35. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader
soon gets---- in the lives of the
30. In complex animals we can identify ten characters as the story progresses..
major organ systems that together ----
the organism..
A) caught up

A) set off B) found out

B) make up C) put out

C) hold up D) turned over

D) work out E) fed up

E) bring in
36. He must have had some sound reasons
for ----such a rigid timetable..
31. Virginia was a brilliant young woman
who ---- in a literary atmosphere..
A) setting out

A) took over B) drawing up

B) put up C) running up

C) held on D) turning off

D) grew up E) looking into

E) showed up
37. Much of every teacher’s time is ---- 42. Often thought of as the smallest unit of
marking papers. . living organisms, a cell is ---- of many
even smaller parts, each with its own
function..
A) brought up

B) taken up with A) broken down

C) held up B) made up
D) made out C) run out
E) carried out D) taken after

E) turned up
38. My car ---- as I was on my way to pick up
the children from school..
43. If adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply
does not---- demand, muscle contraction
A) got off
ceases..
B) broke down
A) make up for
C) let down
B) keep up with
D) gave in
C) account for
E) took off
D) run out of
39. I couldn’t ---- why they were shouting so
E) give up
loudly..

44. The company is ----- a period of great

A) set up
change and no one knows if their job is
B) keep up safe..

C) rely on A) going through

D) make out B) finding out
E) put off C) opening up

40. They had to call in troops to —— the D) coming up with

forest fire which was spreading rapidly..
E) bringing about

A) get out
45. Older employees often find it difficult to
B) put out -----their younger colleagues..

C) hold up A) try out

D) break down B) look for
E) hand out C) cut down on

41. It took me a long time to translate his D) keep pace with

business letter as I had to —— so many
E) make up
words in the dictionary..

46. Finally, the commissioners settled on a

A) make up
short, simple, constitutional amendment
B) turn over granting Congress the authority to ----
guidelines for selecting temporary
C) look up members in an emergency..

D) get off
A) hold up
E) take up
B) bring down

C) call out

D) serve up

E) set up
47. The worst fires firemen have to ---- are
those that emit stifling smoke and
noxious gases..

A) take over

B) put over

C) fill out

D) cope with

E) pull through

48. Britain plays by far the biggest role, ----

31 per cent of all foreign investment in
the US..

A) accounting for

B) making up for

C) setting up

D) running out of

E) coping with

49. The Interior Ministry has ordered two of

its chief inspectors to ---- an
investigation into the death of a
journalist whilst in police custody..

A) carry out

B) deal with

C) take place

D) put out

E) make up

50. The amount of fish caught did not ---- the

massive increase in vessel tonnage and
fishing effort..

A) pull through

B) make do with

C) keep pace with

D) come across

E) break out of
1
1. ---- the US and Brazil both occupy the 5. The structures around the eye protect it
American continent, the northern ---- allowing it to move freely in all
location of the former and the southern directions. .
location of the latter plainly mark a real
distinction and bring important policy
A) since
consequences..
B) while
A) As long as
C) even though
B) Now that
D) because
C) Only if
E) whereas
D) After
6. The British workforce works longer hours
E) Although
than most of its European counterparts,
---- productivity is not improved as a
2. Deep-sea diving can cause medical result..
problems ---- air embolism and
decompression sickness, which can be
A) so
fatal if not treated promptly..
B) therefore
A) as regards
C) since
B) as far as
D) as
C) also
E) yet
D) such as
7. ---- the Roman legions withdrew in the
E) just as
5th century A. D. Britain fell easy prey to
the invading hordes of Angles, Saxons
3. The search for new sources of energy is and Jutes from Scandinavia and northern
a continuing one, ---- the one provided Europe..
by the fosil fuels will eventually run out..
A) Lest
A) since
B) Unless
B) so that
C) When
C) even if
D) Until
D) unless
E) As long as
E) whenever
8. The last exhibition I went to was ----
4. In the Renaissance period, there was a crowded that I could hardly see
wide range of classical texts available to anything..
humanist scholars, ---- some of these
texts had survived only in fragments or
A) as
were only available in Greek..
B) too
A) so long as
C) more
B) before
D) so
C) whether
E) very
D) in case

E) but
9. ---- great advances are being made in 13. Most of us think that random events
the treatment and prevention of tend to be equally spread, ---- the
neurological conditions, there is still a contrary seems to be true: randomness
long way to go.. tends to occur in clusters..

A) Until A) as if

B) Although B) but

C) However C) so

D) Whether D) moreover

E) Since E) since

10. The whole of society may suffer if 14. Many of the most important
its government is attacked; ---- , the developments in absolute dating ----
entire body is harmed if the brain is World War II have come from the use of
damaged.. 'radioactive clocks'..

A) otherwise A) since

B) similarly B) during

C) on the other hand C) until

D) nevertheless D) before

E) however E) up to

11. ---- she gave up smoking, she has 15. Traffic congestion is frequently not
enjoyed the best of health.. caused by overloading ---- by small
disturbances in the flow..
A) Although
A) as
B) If
B) but
C) Since
C) as well as
D) For
D) more
E) When
E) than
12. He was advised not to discontinue
this medicine ---- this might bring a 16. ---- photographers require short
recurrence of the complaint.. exposures to capture fast moving
objects, chemists need short laser pulses
to study rapid reactions..
A) so that

B) despite A) In contrast
C) until B) In spite of
D) as C) In case
E) due to D) Since

E) Just as
17. According to neo-Darwinism, ---- 21. ----- the Civil War, those years turned out
mutation is recognised as the ultimate to be a golden era for the magazine
source of genetic variation, natural industry..
selection is given the dominant role in
shaping the genetic make-up
A) Despite
of populations..
B) Obviously
A) however
C) Although
B) although
D) Pertaining to
C) whether
E) Nevertheless
D) before
22. Unfortunately, ----- current
E) unless
productivity growth looks impressive,
the rise in profits over the coming years
18. In studying protein-coding sequences, is likely to prove disappointing..
the initiation and the termination codons
are usually excluded ---- these two
A) since
codons almost never change with time..
B) just as
A) whereas
C) even though
B) in case
D) if
C) but
E) which
D) instead of
23. ---- oral decongestants reduce cold
E) since
symptoms by20%, nasal sprays can
reduce symptoms by asmuch as 70%..
19. ---- a piece of metal is denser than
water, it sinks in water..
A) While

A) Because of B) Because

B) While C) Unless

C) Since D) As long as

D) Despite E) Supposing

E) Therefore
24. ---- everyone appears to dislike a person
who is known as a 'gossip, ' it is an
20. ---- he was aware of the dangers of this exceedingly unusual individual who
kind of research, he still continued with doesn’t enjoy a bit of gossip..
the project..
A) If
A) If
B) Unless
B) Even though
C) Although
C) So that
D) Whenever
D) Whereas
E) Once
E) However
25. ---- demand grows for graduate business 29.
degrees, schools are offering their
students more options regarding the
length and content of their
programmes. .
A) If
B) As
C) Unless
D) Once
E) Whenever
30. ---- the global population grows fresh
26. ---- a violent storm is over, it leaves a
cooler ocean behind, lowering the
likelihood that more storms will flare up,
at least not immediately..
---- the inequality of income prevails in
the economy and fails to have a uniform
distribution, any poverty reduction
strategy will prove to be futile. .
A) If
B) Though
C) Whereas
D) Unless
E) In that
water supplies dwindle—ensuring that
everyone has sufficient supplies of life-
giving H2O has become an enormous
challenge..

A) Once A) Although

B) Even so B) Until

C) Even if C) If

D) Since D) Whether

E) While E) As

27. He realized that the world could run out 31. According to Vietnamese researchers,
of key resources, ---- he was a harsh the bird flu virus may have affected
critic of the wastefulness of modern hundreds of people, who have not ----
industrial society. . been diagnosed..

A) so that A) also

B) whether B) or

C) so long as C) so

D) and so D) yet

E) but E) just

28. The numbers of older persons with 32. Comets are thought to have changed
diabetes are expected to grow ---- the very little over the last 4 billion years, -
elderly population increases in number.. --- their composition should hold clues to
the origin of the solar system..
A) as
A) but
B) though
B) whereas
C) thus
C) just as
D) now that
D) in that
E) even if
E) so
33. About half of all women over 65 years of 37. Some researchers believe schizophrenia
age take some type of nutrition is a single disorder, ---- others believe it
supplement, ---- only about one-fifth of is a syndrome based on numerous
older men do.. underlying diseases..

A) before A) if

B) because B) since

C) that is C) even so

D) while D) while

E) despite E) unless

34. ---- the immune system is intricate, its 38. I enjoyed this book so much; I want to
basic strategy is simple: to recognize the read another by ---- author..
enemy, mobilize forces and attack..
A) such
A) Although
B) similar
B) If
C) same
C) Because
D) a certain
D) In case
E) the same
E) When
39. ---- so many of the team members were
35. Scientists are developing various ill, it’s not surprising that we lost the
counter technologies, from vaccines match..
made of DNA to proteins that prime our
blood to attack the malaria parasite ----
A) In contrast
it is still inside the mosquito..
B) Due to
A) so long as
C) Since
B) as soon as
D) Likewise
C) while
E) Nonetheless
D) just as
40. Temperature is difficult to define
E) whether
precisely, ---- we all have an idea of what
we mean by it..
36. According to geneticists, genetic testing
(also called genetic screening) is useful -
A) whether
--- it is presented in such a way that
people can understand what the B) in case
limitations of the tests are and what the
results mean. . C) just as

D) but
A) whereas
E) so far as
B) only if

C) even if 41. Julius Caesar expected to rule for life, ----

he was assassinated by conspirators on
D) so that 15 March in the year 44 B.C..
E) before
A) although

B) because

C) as

D) if

E) but
42. Jane is a wonderful person, but ---- I am
with her I feel useless and pathetic..
A) whenever
46. Black market activity has grown as an
alternative source of goods and services,
---- it is ultimately dependent in various
ways on legal economic activity..

B) even so A) though
C) so that B) despite
D) however C) even
E) the sooner D) now that

E) once
43. “Hacking” is unauthorized access to a
computer, ---- for fun or for harmful or
fraudulent purposes.. 47. Most developing countries do not have
China’s bureaucratic depth and tradition,
---- do they have the ability to control
A) since
personnel in the way that China’s party
B) both structure allows..

C) more A) nor
D) whether B) so
E) such C) much as

44. Children who look away ---- thinking D) the more

about questions are more likely to get
E) not only
the answers right than those who don’t..

48. Romanesque architecture, which

A) unless
prevailed throughout Europe from the
B) because mid-1Oth to the 13th century, is based
upon an art which developed from ---- of
C) whether the Romans..

D) while
A) that
E) as
B) those

45. ---- I see her, she asks me to lend her C) the one
some money..
D) most

A) Whenever E) such

B) Although
49. The doctors are pleased with the
C) In case progress he is making; ---- they expect
him to make a full recovery..
D) Even if

E) Unless A) nevertheless

B) in fact

C) even so

D) but

E) as a rule
50. Health is not merely the absence of
disease and infirmity, ---- complete
physical, mental and social well-being..
A) as for
54. It seems, from the Chinese experience,
that an authoritarian state can open its
economy to international forces ----
either collapsing or becoming more
democratic..

B) as well as A) without
C) as if B) including
D) including C) so as
E) but also D) therefore

E) whether
51. It is as if children with serious illnesses
lose their childhood ---- they have to
grow up quickly.. 55. After Hurricane Katrina hit the US city of
New Orleans in 2005 and left it without
electricity for many weeks, mold and
A) so that
spores easily grew in the still-habitable
B) whereas houses, ---- respiratory and skin
problems are still widespread..
C) until
A) because
D) while

E) since B) so

C) although
52. Cellulite forms where the body is least
inclined to consume fat deposits, ---- D) yet
reducing it takes persistent good dietary
E) whenever
measures..

56. People cannot minimize the

A) whereas
consequences of heart failure, ---- they
B) as if introduce changes in their lives and
strictly obey the instructions given by
C) so the doctor..

D) whether
A) but
E) even if
B) if

53. With the help of a fifth of the white C) whereas

voters Mr Jackson was elected mayor of
Atlanta in 1973, and ---- became the D) unless
first black mayor of a major southern
E) whether
city..

57. ---- an individual grows to maturity, he

A) nevertheless
acquires a personal structure
B) thus conditioned by the position he occupies
in the social system..
C) even so
A) Unless
D) yet
B) Although
E) otherwise
C) Before

D) Whether

E) As
58. ---- survivors of childhood cancer do 62. Some historians regard World War I as
seem to have a higher risk of heart only the first part of a "European Civil
problems, the individual likelihood of War" during the first half of the 20th
this happening is still fairly small.. century; ------- others see the world wars
as two completely separate events..
A) Whether
A) when
B) If
B) in case
C) Whenever
C) while
D) Unless
D) as though
E) While
E) once
59. The vast sums of money spent to fight
diseases such as AIDS and malaria in the 63. ------- the word "ballet" is French, it was
past ten years have saved many lives ---- used by an Italian to describe theatrical
have also sometimes undermined health dances..
systems in poor countries..
A) Even though
A) whereas
B) Because
B) since
C) Just as
C) unless
D) Whether
D) but
E) Whenever
E) so
64. Buying books would be a good thing ----
60. ---- many people these days regularly one could also buy the time to read them
use and rely on computers, many others in..
do not even understand how the
computer works..
A) so

A) Though B) since

B) When C) if

C) Because D) as

D) In case E) but

E) If
65. Trade-union membership in Germany, ----
in the rest of Europe, is shrinking..
61. A running tap wastes up to nine litres of
water perminute, ---- turning it off while
A) so
brushing your teeth helps save plenty of
water.. B) whether

A) when C) though

B) since D) as

C) so E) unless

D) instead

E) otherwise
66. I was lucky enough to get home ----the
thunderstorm was beginning..
A) till
B) so as to
C) in time for
D) up to
E) just as
67. Every year, more than 15, 000 scuba
dives are performed off the coral reefs of
Cayman Islands, ---- these sites can
actually support only 5, 000 dives per
year without any damage to the reefs..
A) since
70. Parents normally do not have the fear
that, in marrying their daughter or son,
they are losing their child to someone
else ---- a son-in-law or daughter-in-law
arrives..
A) in case
B) until
C) as if
D) so that
E) whether
71. The assumption that mental functions
are at their sharpest ---- our brains
mature in our early 20s has been
questioned by a new research study..

B) but A) until
C) if B) although
D) just as C) as if
E) in case D) when

68. The Alps have been an area of transit
trade since ancient times ---- they offer
important pathways between central and
southern Europe..
A) so that
E) unless
72. ---- commonly associated with hot and
dry environments, reptiles are found in a
wide range of habitats and climates
around the world..

B) because A) Although
C) as if B) Now that
D) whereas C) When
E) whether D) Since

E) Just as
69. The world faces a future of 'water wars' -
--- action is taken to prevent
international water shortages and 73. Many teenagers suffer from acne, which
sanitation issues escalating into is triggered by hormonal changes at
conflicts.. puberty, ---- it usually clears up as they
reach their 20s..
A) as long as
A) thereby
B) whether
B) but
C) since
C) if
D) unless
D) because
E) if
E) once
74. Our memory for emotions is highly 78. ---- appearing every four to seven years
selective, and we tend to remember how as it used to, “El Nino” has now been
good the good times were, ---- the appearing consecutively for a number of
memories of the bad times fade more years..
quickly..
A) On account of
A) as if
B) In view of
B) whenever
C) Because of
C) whereas
D) In case of
D) even
E) Instead of
E) likewise
79. ---- the eminent Victorian biologist
75. A chemistry journal plans to publish this Thomas Huxley, the great sea fisheries
hotly disputed article ---- an addendum were inexhaustible..
that questions some of its conclusions..
A) In accord with
A) over against
B) In view of
B) along with
C) With regard to
C) from under
D) According to
D) up against
E) In the case of
E) out of
80. Strategists argue that today's armed
76. The Ancient Greeks saw wine as a staple forces should be prepared for multiple
of domestic life ---- a viable economic but smallish expeditionary operations in
trade commodity.. remote and disparate places, ---- for just
one big conflagration..
A) as well as
A) as soon as
B) on behalf of
B) than ever
C) by no means
C) most of all
D) in excess of
D) rather than
E) according to
E) more often
77. Deaf people could one day have their
hearing restored -----a ground breaking 81. Italy declared its neutrality upon the
gene therapy technique.. outbreak of World War I ---- that
Germany had embarked upon an
offensive war..
A) rather than

B) by means of A) as soon as
C) contrary to B) owing to
D) in addition to C) in view of
E) as well as D) on the grounds

E) such as
82. Many pesticides are toxic to humans, 86. -------the development of paper, written
livestock and wildlife --------------to the records were kept on clay, wax, or stone
target pest.. tablets..

A) worth A) At the expense of

B) as to B) In terms of

C) such C) Prior to

D) thus D) In addition to

E) as well as E) In order to

83. Many severe hormone resistance 87. Silicon-on-insulator technology, which

syndromes are ---- inherited defects in has helped improve chip performance
membrane receptors.. considerably, has become cheaper and
easier to adopt, ---- a technology called
Smart Cut ..
A) in terms of

B) in case of A) apart from

C) due to B) as regards
D) in view of C) according to
E) in place of D) thanks to

84. In vertebrates, the central nervous
system (CNS) consists of a brain and a
spinal cord, which are linked to the
body's muscles and organs ---- the
peripheral nervous system..
E) with respect to
88. ---- mechanical impact, certain impurities
would make such explosives unstable if
they were stored in warm conditions..

A) with regard to A) Involving

B) instead of B) Including

C) in case of C) In case

D) by means of D) Contrary to

E) according to E) Even without

85. There is no reason why man, ---- the 89. ---- the critics, the film is almost as good
other animals, should have a monopoly as the novel itself..
on laughter ---- a social tool. .
A) With regard to
A) in addition to / so
B) According to
B) compared with / such
C) Owing to
C) in opposition to / thus
D) Concerning
D) as opposed to / as
E) In comparison to
E) on account of / just
90. -------- popular belief, Hatshepsut was 94. -------- the abolition of slavery in Europe
not the first woman in Egyptian history and the Americas in the nineteenth
to take the role of pharaoh.. century, Portuguese colonies continued
to force African natives to work in
farming, mining, and fishing enterprises
A) In addition to
that benefited only the colonizers..
B) Wıth the help of
A) Despite
C) As well as
B) Even after
D) Owing to
C) In addition to
E) Contrary to
D) More than
91. -------- many African countries, most of
E) Instead of
the Congo basin countries are politically
unstable..
95. -------- a brief occupation by Italy during
World War II, Ethiopia is the only East
A) In place of
African nation to have escaped foreign
B) Thanks to rule during the Scramble for Africa..

C) Due to A) In addition to
D) Like B) With regard to
E) As a consequence of C) On account of

92. -------- its health impacts, obesity leads D) Like

to many problems including
E) Except for
disadvantages in employment and
increased business costs..
96. -------- a 2007 report by the United
Nations Food and Agriculture
A) In addition to
Organization, every year nearly half the
B) Because of population of sub-Saharan Africa goes
hungry..
C) In contrast to

D) By means of A) Despite

B) In addition to
E) In terms of
C) In order to
93. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, Dutch,
and British established colonies across D) According to
the globe -------- assure ownership of
E) In spite of
trade routes..

A) due to

B) in addition to

C) as to

D) in order to

E) thanks to
97. Money spent to treat AIDS patients, -
--------- the victims of other diseases,
creates an economic burden for
governments in Africa..

A) as well as

B) such as

C) despite

D) owing to

E) for instance

98. Africa, as the world’s least industrialized

continent, must depend on the export of
non-manufactured commodities --------
coffee and gold for its wealth..

A) that is

B) in spite of

C) according to

D) in terms of

E) such as

99. -------- poor soil and poor agricultural

methods in many parts of the African
continent, even in years with enough
rain, farmers are not able to produce
surplus crops..

A) Despite of

B) In addition to

C) Because of

D) Rather than

E) By means of
2
1. ---- suggestion he may make as regards 5. Under these circumstances he should
the tax rate, let’s not give any response never have been allowed to take charge
---- we have discussed the matter of the operation ---- he was the most
thoroughly together.. senior of the officers available..

A) However / when A) whyever

B) Whatever / until B) whether

C) Whyever / after C) even though

D) Whatsoever / while D) whenever

E) Whenever / before E) so that

2. Thailand has lost half of its forests ---- 6. Why can’t you admit that ---- hard he
its population has ---- doubled in recent works, he will never manage to achieve
decades.. what his elder brother has achieved?.

A) as / more than A) unless

B) just as / mostly B) whatsoever

C) so as / soon C) though

D) in case / quite D) whenever

E) because of / much E) however

3. The Deputy Prime Minister announced 7. Many more people would doubtless have
that it was ---- early to propose attended the debate ---- they had known
amendments in the legislation in advance who the principal speakers
concerning industrial relations.. were..

A) as well as A) if only

B) just so B) while

C) just as C) since

D) as soon as D) after

E) as yet too E) until

4. I was forced to admit that there was a 8. ---- hard he works, he’ll never be the
drop in sales towards the end of the year equal of his father, he’s just not capable
---- he had predicted.. of it..

A) such as A) So

B) even so B) However

C) in case C) As

D) just as D) Whatever

E) so far as E) Just as
9. The testimony of the second witness
didn’t surprise me at all; ---- the account
he gave was more or less what I had
expected from him..
13. ---- well one may think of him, one must
admit that he’s too old for the job..
A) So

A) on the other hand B) Although

B) as a matter of fact C) Even

C) conversely D) However

D) consequently E) As

E) nevertheless
14. His scheme, with all its short comings,
will inevitably be pushed through ____ we
10. We know nothing at all about the can produce one, by Tuesday, which is
company’s new chairman ---- that he’s obviously much more feasible..
just had his fiftith birthday..
A) how
A) since
B) so that
B) instead
C) unless
C) in case
D) moreover
D) on condition
E) in case
E) except
15. ---- he gives the appearance of sincerity
11. ---- the manager looks shy, youthful and and reliability, just remember that you
mild, he is in fact a rare combination of can’t trust him an inch..
discipline, energy and intellect..
A) Though
A) So that
B) That
B) Even so
C) As far as
C) Although
D) Nevertheless
D) Therefore
E) So
E) In case
16. The doctor advised him to have monthly
12. The government is determined to check-ups ---- any return of symptoms
improve the communications system ---- might be detected immediately..
the costs involved will be a serious
burden on the budget..
A) if ever

A) so that B) in case

B) while C) such as

C) despite D) even though

D) as if E) so that

E) even though
17. ---- far reaching the benefits of the new
policy may be, the country quite simply
can not afford it..

A) Whatever

B) However

C) Whatsoever

D) Wherever

E) Whenever
18. ---- the interest rates are concerned, it 22. Originally the sonnet was an Italian
looks as if the inflation has at least been poetical form which attained great
curbed.. popularity in the Renaissance, and ---- it
was natural, ---- not essential for
Shakespeare and his contemporaries to
A) As far as
use it..
B) Owing to
A) hence / if
C) By way of
B) while / though
D) Just as
C) since / however
E) As regards
D) furthermore / rather than
19. I finally learned what had happened ----
E) already / even
the nurse was wheeling him into the
operating room..
23. ---- the recent rise in unemployment
largely affects eastern Germany, there is
A) in case
considerable unrest in western Germany,
B) so that too..

C) just as A) Since
D) during B) In case
E) as soon as C) Although

20. On the night we went to the opera, D) Unless

Domingo was not singing, but _____ we
E) Until
enjoyed ourselves enormously..

24. Germany’s weight in the European

A) in case
Unionis known, ---- what is not known,
B) on the contrary even to the Germans themselves, is ----
they are to use it..
C) moreover

D) whatever A) but / how

E) nevertheless B) in case / because

C) unless / why
21. I sent an e-mail to everyone in the
department, asking for articles for this D) lest / until
special issue, but ---- there has been no
E) otherwise / where
response..

25. The East European countries are strongly

A) so long
convinced that European Economic aid, -
B) on time --- welcome, is not a substitute for
market access and eventual membership
C) until then of the European Union..

D) even later
A) just as
E) so far
B) lest

C) since

D) when

E) though
26. Private investments play ---- important a
part in the country’s long-running
economic expansion ---- no government
dares to increase taxation on personal
savings..
A) too / that
B) such / as
C) much / so
D) so / that
E) as / as
31. Recently, researchers have found that -
27. ---- he was campaigning for re-election
last year, he promised that ---- re-
elected, he would undertake to
restructure the party..
30. ---- proving useful in many scientific
fields, computers-generated knowledge,
---- Professor Hayes acknowledges, is not
without pitfalls..
A) Although / because
B) Since / while
C) While / as
D) As long as / even if
E) Once / whether or not
--- certain genes remain activated long
enough, they can dramatically enhance
an organism’s health and extend its life
span..

A) Wherever / lest A) even if

B) Because / while B) while

C) As / since C) in case

D) While / unless D) if

E) When / if E) although

28. Scientists rely on computers to model 32. At room temperature, unsaturated fats,
phenomena ---- would ---- be difficult to such as those found in oil, are usually
observe.. liquid, ---- saturated fats, such as those
found in butter, are solid..
A) whereby / in case
A) whereas
B) such as / nonetheless
B) indeed
C) which / nevertheless
C) moreover
D) that / otherwise
D) whether
E) so that / in fact
E) so far as
29. ---- the embargo imposed on us is lifted
in the near future, we can’t hope for any 33. The interiors of planets are totally
economic recovery.. inaccessible, ---- what we know about
them comes from indirect measurements
and analysis..
A) Whereas

B) While A) so
C) Because B) whereas
D) In case C) even though
E) Unless D) since

E) so as
34. The next model the company produced 38. ---- the semester is over, Dr Baines will
was well engineered and finely built but, supervise the sinking of the shaft as it
----, it never became popular and sales seems likely that they’ll strike oil..
were poor..
A) In order that
A) on the contrary
B) As a result
B) even so
C) If only
C) just as
D) Once
D) such as
E) In case
E) in accordance with
39. Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic
35. ---- they are accessible by boat only, and unspectacular, ---- did he go to war
these islands are still largely and that was when he invaded France..
undeveloped..
A) this once
A) Even
B) never before
B) As if
C) once again
C) Although
D) only once
D) Consequently
E) once more
E) Since
40. The true ecologist need not be a
36. ---- James assures me that he's telling specialist at all, ---- his views should
the truth, I'm pretty sure that he's reflect the practical wisdom of ordinary
actually telling a lie.. people..

A) On the contrary A) for

B) Just as B) where

C) So as C) whether

D) Whenever D) in case

E) As if E) that

37. ---- the span of a suspension bridge 41. Little is known about life on the ocean
increases, the structure develops a floor ---- scientists have only recently
'gravity' stiffness due to its own weight.. developed the technology for exploring
it..
A) As
A) yet
B) However
B) as
C) Whereas
C) though
D) While
D) whereas
E) In case
E) while
42. The great bulk of industrial work 46. ---- willingly he seems to have accepted
nowadays involves the use of machines, the new job, I don’t really think he likes
and it is certain that mechanization will the working conditions..
proceed ---- in the future..
A) However
A) as well as
B) Although
B) on the other hand
C) So
C) just as
D) Even
D) ever since
E) Since
E) further still
47. The Mann-Whitney test is a procedure
43. ---- English contains a vast lexical used in nonparametric statistics to
inheritance from Latin, Persian has determine ---- the means of two
absorbed a great number of Arabic loan populations are equal..
words..
A) so far as
A) As long as
B) so long as
B) Because
C) while
C) Even if
D) since
D) Just as
E) whether
E) Whether
48. Many ordinary people don'’t realize that
44. Robots will never be much good at fat is not digested in the stomach, ---- in
household tasks such as pouring coffee the small intestine..
or polishing shoes ---- they can calculate
their position accurately..
A) although

A) since B) but

B) when C) because

C) unless D) unless

D) so that E) while

E) in case
49. Fish often spend much of their time in
the deep, cool waters of a lake ----
45. All of the world‘s major national parks oxygen levels there become depleted by
are included on the map, ---- are most of decomposers..
the important reserves of lesser status. .
A) as if
A) as
B) just as
B) as well
C) now that
C) such
D) unless
D) which
E) so as
E) that
50. The name “Kızılırmak” emphasizes the 54. They were immensely pleased with their
colour of this river, ---- the earlier name find, ----, although the crater’s size is
“Halys” stresses its saltiness. . not particularly noteworthy, its structure
is unique..
A) whereas
A) nevertheless
B) therefore
B) but
C) whereby
C) however
D) moreover
D) for
E) indeed
E) unless
51. ---- obesity results basically from an
excess of calories, in some instances, 55. It was not long ---- the design
genetic background may be a deficiencies of the room became
contributing factor.. apparent..

A) Since A) as if

B) However B) before

C) Nevertheless C) until

D) Even though D) wherever

E) Unless E) unless

52. ---- jet engines, which are also reaction 56. ---- industry is concerned, money spent
engines, modern rockets carry their own on research is money well spent..
oxygen supply to burn their fuel and do
not require any surrounding
A) According to
atmosphere..
B) As much as
A) Instead of
C) As far as
B) Even
D) Even so
C) Whereas
E) With regard to
D) Unlike
57. ---- astronomers have so far found no
E) Whereby
Earth-like planets, this does not mean
that there are none..
53. Dinosaurs may have terrorized other
creatures during their time on Earth, ----
A) While
now it has emerged that some species
had a taste for the flesh of their own B) As
kind.
C) Even though
A) unless
D) As if
B) whether
E) Unless
C) because
58. The writers of this article seem to
D) even if assume that nuclear plants conform with
safety requirements ---- the fact that
E) so that
violations are constantly being
reported..

A) in case

B) although

C) against

D) concerning

E) despite
59. ---- helmets had been revived for soldiers 63. This part of Africa is growing greener
and extended to many workers, safety again ---- that families who fled to wetter
head coverings for athletes almost coastal regions are starting to go home..
inevitably followed..
A) so far
A) While
B) to such an extent
B) Before
C) even so
C) Although
D) as a result
D) Once
E) even more
E) Until
64. Why don’t you take your lawyer with you
60. Diesel engines are more efficient than to the meeting ---- there are problems he
gasoline engines ----- the fact that a can deal with for you?.
larger proportion of the fuel used is
burned..
A) whether

A) consequently B) even if

B) following C) as ever

C) owing to D) unless

D) contrary to E) in case

E) so that
65. Living conditions in a poor village are
obviously unhygienic, ---- life in a
61. Geographical Information System tools sophisticated city is also potentially
provide specialised functions for spatial dangerous. .
data input, processing, analysis and
output, ---- Database Management
A) since
System tools provide more
advanced functions for storing and B) but
managing large spatial databases..
C) as
A) that D) moreover
B) due to
E) even though
C) while
66. ---- the dawn of civilization, we humans
D) whether have been endeavouring to enhance the
quality of life and coming with new
E) in that
innovations to survive..

62. Over this period, according to a report

A) When
recently issued by the Hispanic Studies
Center in Los Angeles, Mexicans received B) Before
14.5 billion US dollars from relatives
working in the United States, which is C) Since
almost ---- Mexico earned from foreign
oil sales.. D) Once

E) Because
A) as

B) just as

C) as well as

D) as much as

E) as far as
67. The ancient Greeks never consumed the 71. ---- biofuels are produced from animal,
meat of a domesticated animal, ---- they plant or waste products, these are
considered it to be barbaric.. nontoxic and are biodegradable..

A) though A) Unless

B) but B) Whether

C) yet C) As

D) as D) Whatsoever

E) whereas E) Now that

68. ---- the length of Panama Canal is half
that of Suez Canal, it took almost the
same time and amount of money to
complete the two..
A) Once
B) Even though
C) When
D) Despite
E) Unless
69. The use of Ethanol as fuel was first seen
in Henry Ford's 'Ford Model T'
automobile from the year 1908
onwards,---- it was later replaced by
petroleum and gasoline..
72. Structural unemployment has often
been associated with technological
unemployment, ----, unemployment
resulting from the increased use of
labour-saving machines..
A) So as
B) so far
C) that is
D) what\'s more
E) even so
73. In the States a person traveling 10 miles
to work everyday by train instead of by
car, saves ---- 314 gallons of petrol per
year..

A) since A) as much as

B) unless B) the most

C) but C) so much more

D) once D) equal to

E) whereby E) even more

70. ---- it does seem to have a good chance
of being used as an alternative energy
source, there is still a raging debate on
the importance of the role of ethanol as
a fuel and the pros and cons of using it..
74. Biodiesel is ---- used for running vehicles
and machines, ---- it can be used as
heating oil in homes, power generation
and is also an effective cleaner, paint
remover and solvent..

A) Unless A) as / as

B) Because B) more / than

C) Whether C) so /that

D) If only D) as / well as

E) Although E) not only / but also

75. The animals, which are threatened ---- 79. Unlike in a dictatorship, where people
by poaching and farming, are protected are treated like cattle and are expected
in these private game parks.. to simply obey and follow the
government, democracy contributes to
development of the individuals ------- the
A) throughout
society..
B) instead
A) in contrast to
C) whereby
B) as well as
D) elsewhere
C) in place of
E) either
D) such as
76. ---------- the great mineral wealth of
E) that is
Democratic Republic of the Congo,
decades of corruption and civil war have
left the country one of the poorest in the 80. ------- the ancient Roman culture, a
World.. child’s education, physical and moral,
began at home under the strict
supervision of his or her parents..
A) Due to

B) Despite A) According to
C) Except for B) In addition to
D) As a result of C) In case of
E) Regardless of D) With the help of

77. ------ writing and literature, some notable
accomplishments of the Mesopotamians
include weaving fabrics or textiles,
metalworking, and irrigation..
A) Despite
B) Whether
E) Because of
81. Many of the symptoms of anaemia -------,
fatigue, weakness, irritability, lack of
concentration may go unnoticed, as they
can be considered as the result of
physical and mental stress associated
with a hectic schedule..

C) In addition to A) that is
D) Due to B) because of
E) In terms of C) such as

78. ------- what the name suggests, D) thanks to

'romanticism' has very little or almost
E) despite
nothing to do, with the modern
interpretation of the word 'romantic'..
82. The term Great Depression is used to
describe the global economic crisis that -
A) In addition to
------ the Wall Street stock market crash
B) In favor of of October 29, 1929..

C) Whether A) made up
D) Contrary to B) ran out of
E) Regardless of C) resulted from

D) came up with

E) caught up with
83. Most of the world’s trade today is in 87. ---- providing energy, proteins provide
manufactured goods and services ---- the raw materials for building the body’s
agricultural goods and natural tissues and regulating its many
resources.. activities..

A) rather than A) According to

B) such as B) As regards

C) just as C) Despite

D) except for D) In addition to

E) so much as E) Contrary to

84. No pharaoh is more famous 88. ---- concentrating on creating

than Tutankhamen but, ---- his fame, training opportunities, their government
very little is actually known about him.. ought to turn its attention to creating
more jobs..
A) even If
A) Far from
B) In case of
B) More than
C) in excess of
C) Instead of
D) In order to
D) In accordance with
E) despite
E) In case of
85. ---- Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, a French
painter who was happy to design posters 89. Even in the middle of the last century,
and to illustrate books, many modern education was the exception ---- the
artists have found it necessary to rule..
supplement their incomes in various
ways..
A) according to

A) Due to B) except for

B) Firstly C) with regard to

C) Despite D) rather than

D) In case of E) as well as

E) Like
90. ---- a rather lazy, traditional, sea side
holiday, a considerable number of people
86. The Symbolists explored the subtle are going on rougher, more exciting
changes in the human psyche and 'adventure holidays'..
conveyed them through symbol and
metaphor ---- by direct statement. .
A) According to

A) including B) Just as

B) rather than C) In spite of

C) not so much as D) Instead of

D) such as E) In case of

E) as if
91. In 1789, France was in a serious 95. Temperate rain forest, ---- occurs on the
financial position ---- corruption, royal northwest coast of North America,
extravagance, and the chaos that comes receives high precipitation and is
with revolution.. dominated by large conifers..

A) according to A) as well as

B) despite B) more than

C) whereas C) such as

D) so that D) same as

E) due to E) then

92. ---- any change in the condition of the 96. Many basic issues, ---- the relationship
patient, be sure that the nurse in charge between gravity and quantum physics,
is informed.. remain unsolved..

A) In the event of A) except for

B) However slight B) despite

C) With the exception of C) such as

D) Owing to D) in case of

E) In favour of E) instead of

93. The research team was relieved to learn 97. Pile foundations are costly and normally
that the results of the experiment were economic only ---- commercial structures
in ---- their expectations.. on valuable sites..

A) competition with A) in the manner of

B) place of B) in the case of

C) favour of C) in place of

D) excess of D) in fulfilment of

E) accord with E) in accordance with

94. ---- the terrible state of the roads 98. ---- simply transmitting voice, the Joint
following the heavy rains, it is almost Tactical Radio System (JRTS) as the
impossible to reach the village except in Pentagon refers to it, will also
atractor.. simultaneously carry video and
data transmissions..
A) Unfortunately
A) Rather than
B) Owing to
B) According to
C) Even so
C) Due to
D) Except for
D) In contrast to
E) In spite of
E) In spite of
99. ---- providing luxury on every imaginable
level, a five-star hotel should also have
the ability to take you by surprise..

A) With a view to

B) In excess of

C) Consequent on

D) In need of

E) In addition to

100. Ancient Peruvian textiles have survived

in an excellent state of preservation ----
the dry conditions of much of the
country..

A) with regard to

B) in comparison with

C) in case of

D) owing to

E) in opposition to
3
1. ---- not all negative thoughts and 5. A search for a global culture is
feelings are bad for health, specific unnecessary ---- such a culture does not
emotional states, especially stress and exist..
depression, have now been linked to
heart trouble of all kinds..
A) but

A) When B) since

B) Suppose that C) so that

C) As if D) though

D) Whenever E) in case

E) Though
6. China‘s art market is growing bigger all
the time, and it is doing ---- at the
2. The island groups in the Pacific are often expense of America and Britain..
called ―Oceania, ---- this name does not
imply that they are the remains of a
A) so
continent..
B) as well
A) whether
C) as such
B) but
D) just in case
C) just as
E) almost
D) whereby
7. ---- corporations grow in size and
E) so that
diversity, the difficulty of managing
employee relations increases..
3. Algeria is particularly keen to increase
its gas exports ---- OPEC production
A) Lest
quotas restrict its oil exports..
B) In case
A) since
C) Whether
B) so that
D) So that
C) as if
E) As
D) that
8. ---- economic development projects
E) whereas
in developing countries are carefully
thought out and implemented, they can
4. ----some countries possess nuclear actually contribute to 'environmental
weapons and others do not, there will be deterioration'..
chronic global Insecurity,.
A) Provided that
A) Thanks to
B) Unless
B) In case of
C) Since
C) So long as
D) So long as
D) Just as
E) Whenever
E) As if
9. It is thought to be basically a Hittite
settlement ---- there are some traces of
earlier civilizations..

A) in spite of

B) even so

C) instead

D) even though

E) in case
10. In infants 'low-level' lead exposure 14. ---- Africa was colonized by Arab
may produce serious impairment of speakers and speakers of European
mental development ---- there is any languages, there are many non-African
awareness of the intoxication.. languages spoken in Africa today..

A) as if A) After

B) once again B) Whereas

C) just as C) Because

D) even if D) Though

E) even before E) Even so

11. The last century saw two World Wars, ----
devastating regional conflicts and civil
wars..
A) as well as
15. In 2007, the United Nations Economic
Commission for Africa reported ---- the
continent’s overall GDP grew by 5.7
percent, an increase of 0.4 percent over
2006..

B) but A) when
C) while B) unless
D) since C) whereas
E) unlike D) that

12. ---- Baroque violins share certain
characteristics, there are many
variations associated with different
European regions and violin makers..
A) While
E) yet
16. ---- considered a problem only of high-
income countries, obesity rates are
rising worldwide and affecting both the
developed and developing world..

B) As if A) Just as
C) Whether B) Whenever
D) Now that C) Although
E) Because D) Once

E) As soon as
13. Violins are beautiful yet delicate
instruments that can be easily damaged
---- transporting them from one location 17. ---- there are great river systems in
to another.. Africa including the Nile, the Niger, the
Congo, and the Zambezi they do not link
the entire continent as do rivers in
A) although
Europe or Asia..
B) while
A) Although
C) so that
B) Because
D) as
C) Unless
E) whereas
D) Just as

E) Whether
18. ---- Bismarck had united Germany in one
sense, he failed to create an internally
unified people..
A) As
B) Since
C) Although
D) Now that
E) Just as
19. ---- the Congress of Vienna has received
criticism for ignoring the growth of
liberty, equality, and fraternity in
Europe, it has received praise for finding
a general settlement of a complex series
of problems..
22. ---- life began, about 99 percent of the
earth's species have disappeared and,
on at least five occasions, huge numbers
have died out in a relatively short time..
A) As
B) After
C) Unless
D) Even so
E) Since
23. ---- licensed, a physician assistant
generally has the potential to earn a
higher annual salary than a nurse..
A) Since

A) Because B) Because

B) Although C) Though

C) Whether D) Once

D) Unless E) As long as

E) Just as
24. ---- in many cultures social mobility is
determined mainly by achievements,
20. ---- it comes to deciding which form of some places have much more rigid
government is the most efficient, there structures based on status across
is always a debate.. generations..

A) When A) While

B) While B) As

C) Once C) Since

D) As D) Now that

E) Though E) Unless

21. ---- establishing the Third French 25. ---- ceramics and pottery are technically
Republic and the German Empire, the the same thing, people still tend to place
Franco-Prussian War had other far- different meanings on each term..
reaching effects..
A) Even though
A) Despite
B) As
B) Instead of
C) Unless
C) During
D) When
D) Like
E) Just as
E) Besides
26. Many African governments are ---- 30. Let's take the ferry to Bandırma from
financial collapse and survive only on the where it's only a short drive to Bursa, ----
strength of aid and donations from driving all the way from istanbul to
international organizations.. Bursa..

A) in line with A) as well as

B) in the case of B) more than

C) in excess of C) besides

D) on the verge of D) instead of

E) in place of E) except for

27. In the US the weakening of the dollar is 31. ---- the letters written by so many
making foreign wines pricier and parents, the headmaster agreed not to
domestic ones, ----, more attractive.. expel the boys..

A) on account A) In response to

B) in addition B) With reference to

C) on condition C) In case of

D) in competition D) Apart from

E) in comparison E) Pertaining to

28. Much to everyone's surprise, the 32. The crisis is particularly serious ---- a
steel workers' union actually supported whole series of related issues ranging
the takeover, and managed to secure from unemployment to health benefits
further pension rights for its members - are involved..
---..
A) so as
A) in the process
B) as well as
B) as it happened
C) in order that
C) in its place
D) as for
D) in accord
E) since
E) on a level
33. The term 'aborigines' signifies the
29. Unfortunately, ---- stamping out the original inhabitants of any country, ----
drugs' trade, these programmes are the native tribes of Australia..
simply forcing drug growers to move into
more inaccessible regions..
A) with regard to

A) besides B) due to

B) rather than C) in spite of

C) in addition to D) in particular

D) due to E) according to

E) as for
34. His proposals ---- the new social security
policy seems more viable than any of the
others..

A) by way of

B) due to

C) owing to

D) in case of

E) as regards
35. Activists are those in a political 39. The term 'man-machine system' fell
movement who insist on taking active somewhat into disrepute and was
steps towards their objectives ---- merely replaced by 'person machine system' ----
putting forward an action program.. the need to avoid sexist language..

A) in order to A) contrary to

B) rather than B) despite

C) as far as C) in case of

D) in that D) in accordance with

E) so long as E) instead of

36. Today, ---- rapid transportation and 40. Multinational companies account for ----
communications, the whole world is 60 per cent of trade in manufactured
becoming one community with common goods in the developed world..
economic interests..
A) so much
A) as long as
B) rather than
B) in spite of
C) as far as
C) just as
D) by no means
D) because of
E) no less than
E) such as
41. His criticism of the ancient Greeks is
37. The executive committee was of the largely ---- their reluctance to back up
opinion that the motion must be passed theories with experiments..
----..
A) on account of
A) in truth
B) in case of
B) at all costs
C) according to
C) by heart
D) in spite of
D) in connection
E) compared with
E) at all
42. ---- had so many people complained so
38. Reinforced concrete was used for the loudly for so little cause..
new buildings ---- there should ever be
another landslide in the vicinity..
A) Only once

A) due to B) For the first time

B) in spite of C) At the beginning

C) according to D) Up to this time

D) in case E) From the start

E) instead
43. The capacity of the kidneys to alter their 47. The bellies of countless African children
excretion of sodium, ---- changes in are swollen ---- severe malnutrition..
sodium intake, is enormous. .
A) contrary to
A) apart from
B) besides
B) in addition to
C) apart from
C) with reference to
D) due to
D) in response to
E) regardless of
E) so far as
48. In recent years the trend in the study of
44. --- what was once believed, it is now child development has been an
generallyagreed that marijuana use is increased emphasis on the processes
far from benign.. underlying the changes, ---- simple
descriptions of age changes..
A) In case of
A) as if
B) According to
B) just as
C) Contrary to
C) rather than
D) Due to
D) even so
E) As far as
E) such as
45. The inquiry into the foot and mouth
epidemic will bring together veterinary 49. Poisoning ---- drug overdose is a
scientists, virologists and frequent and still increasing cause of
epidemiologists ---- the representatives admission to hospital..
of farming and consumer groups..
A) according to
A) as well as
B) due to
B) such as
C) on behalf of
C) especially
D) in excess of
D) as to
E) in spite of
E) but for
50. Dizziness is a distressing symptom
46. His research focuses on the in advanced old age, and alarms
interrelationship between the upper and relatives ---- the patient..
lower airways ---- on the development of
new treatments for asthma..
A) no less than

A) so far B) as little as

B) if only C) in accordance with

C) including D) consentient on

D) rather than E) in case of

E) so much
51. Japan, which is the world's second 55. The Centre conducted the study ----
largest market for mobile phones, plans identify priority areas for conservation..
to limit their use ---- growing concern
about the impact of electromagnetic
A) in order to
radiation on the brain..
B) as well as
A) in case of
C) with respect to
B) as a result of
D) due to
C) in spite of
E) with reference to
D) by means of
56. For a domestic staircase, an additional
E) in terms of
form of support, ---- a 'carriage', that is a
beam under the centre of the stairs, is
52. Roentgen, which is the unit of not usually necessary..
radiation exposure, is defined ---- the
number of ions produced in one cubic
A) in case of
centimeter of air by the radiation..
B) so that
A) in view of
C) such as
B) as well as
D) according to
C) due to
E) either
D) in terms of
57. ---- what is generally assumed, the
E) on behalf of
number of animals remaining in a
threatened species may actually rise as
53. Unified field theory in physics is the it approaches the brink of extinction..
theory that attempts to explain the four
fundamental forces, which are strong
A) In view of
nuclear, weak nuclear, electromagnetic
and gravity, ---- a single unified force.. B) Contrary to

A) so as to C) Surprisingly enough

B) ahead of D) Needless to say

C) in terms of E) Due to

D) with a view to 58. The environment in which we live

changes continuously ---- 'natural
E) on behalf of
causes' over which we have little
control..
54. Questions about global warming are
obviously of concern to the general
A) in spite of
public, ---- to governments and their
scientific advisors.. B) due to

A) except C) thus

B) so as D) hence

C) on the whole E) however

D) as well as

E) less than
59. Irrigation is the art of using water, ----
direct rainfall, for crop cultivation..

A) in case of

B) besides

C) compared with

D) other than

E) ranging from