Kingdom: Plantae

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta

Superdivision: Spermatophyta

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malpigiales

Family: Phyllantaceae

Genus: Antidesma

Species:

Antidesma

ghaesembilla

Gaertn.

COMMON NAME: Binayuyo

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn

SYNONYMS/ OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAME:
Antidesma frutescens Jack
Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn
Antidesma paniculatum Blume
Antidesma pubescens Roxb.
Antidesma rhamnoides Brongn. ex Tul.
Antidesma schultzii Benth.
Antidesma spicatum Blanco
Antidesma vestitum Presl.

OTHER COMMON NAME:

Arosep (Ilk.)
Binayuyo (Tag.)
Binayuyu (Tag.)
Bananyo (Tagb.)
Bignay-pugo (Tag.)
Bignay-yoyo (Tagb.)
Bugnai (Tagb.)
Tubo-tubo (Bik.)
Kakapal (Bis.)
Black currant tree (Engl.)

MORPHOLOGY:
 ROOTS
Deciduous trees have extensions called root hairs which
increase root surface area and increase nutrient and water uptake.

 LEAVES
Leaves are simple, alternate, shortly petioled, broadly elliptic or
orbicular obovate, 6 to 11 centimeters long; margins entire and
pubescent; base rounded, rarely obtuse; apex rounded, sometimes
mucronate.

 FLOWERS
Male flowers are yellowish green, grouped into much branched
spikes. Sepals usually 5, with 4 to 5, 2 to 2.5 millimeters long
stamens with filaments free. Female flowers are many, grouped in
branched racemes with very short pedicels.

 STEM/BARK
Bark is light grey.

 FRUIT
Fruit a drupe 4-6 x 3-5 mm, compressed-orbicular, glabrous,
reddish-brown or black, alveolate.

 SEEDS
In midsummer the strigs of green fruit ripen to edible berries, very
dark purple in colour, almost black, with glossy skins and persistent
calyxes at the apex, each containing many seeds.

CULTIVATION:
Grows in the wild on clay, sand, lateritic soil, black peat, limestone;
sometimes on ultrabasic soil; over shale and granite bedrock.
Occurs often in regularly burnt habitats and is said to be fire resistant.
Dioecious. Both male and female forms need to be grown if fruit and seed
are required.

PROPAGATION:
The plant can be propagated through its seed.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY:
- Preliminary phytochemical screening of leaves yielded phenols, tannins,
glycosides, saponins, reducing sugar, flavones, xanthoproteins, and
coumarins.
- Leaves showed physical constants of total ash, 8%; moisture, 69%; dry
weight, 31%; stomatal index 32, and vein islet number 80.

MEDICINAL USES:
 The leaves are used as a poultice to treat headaches, scurf, abdominal
swellings and fevers.
 The stems are emmenagogue.
 The fruit is purgative.
 In India, leaves applied as paste for headaches.
 Leaves used for fever.
 In Thailand, leaf decoction used for blood nourishment. In Vietnam, leaves
and bark used for cough and rheumatism. In China, stems used for
menstrual disorders. In Bangladesh, leaves used to enhance breast milk
production. In Thailand, flowers used for herpes simplex. In Cambodia,
used for stomachaches.
 Fruit is purgative; stems are emmenagogue Leaves used as poultice for
headaches, scurf, fevers, and abdominal swellings.

REFERENCES:

Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn. in GBIF Secretariat (2019). GBIF Backbone

Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via
GBIF.org on 2020-09-04.

Antidesma ghaesembilla. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04, 2020, from

http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Antidesma ghaesembilla

Binayuyo, Antidesma ghaesembilla, BLACK CURRANT TREE: Philippine

Medicinal Herbs / Alternative Medicine. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04,
2020, from http://www.stuartxchange.org/Binayuyo