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Endnotes
Company Index
Subject Index
About the Author
Detailed Contents
List of Figures
Glossary
CSR Terms
Strategy Terms
Preface: Why CSR Matters
Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility
Studying CSR
Plan of the Book
Acknowledgments
Part I: Corporate Social Responsibility
Chapter 1: What Is CSR?
A New Definition of CSR
The Evolution of CSR
Culture and Context
Foundations of CSR
An Ethical Argument for CSR
A Moral Argument for CSR
A Rational Argument for CSR
An Economic Argument for CSR
Strategic CSR Debate
Questions for Discussion and Review
Chapter 2: The Driving Forces of CSR
Affluence
Sustainability
Globalization
Communications
Mobile Devices
Social Media
Brands
Chapter 3: Corporate Rights and Responsibilities
Corporate Rights
Citizens United
Corporate Responsibilities
Benefit Corporations
Part I Case Study: Religion
Religion and Capitalism
Islamic Finance
Next Steps
Part II: A Stakeholder Perspective
Chapter 4: Stakeholder Theory
Who Is a Stakeholder?
A New Stakeholder Definition
Which Stakeholders Should Be Prioritized?
Organizational, Economic, and Societal Stakeholders
Evolving Issues
A Model of Stakeholder Prioritization
Prioritizing Stakeholders
Chapter 5: Corporate Stakeholder Responsibility
CSR: A Corporate Responsibility?
Milton Friedman Versus Charles Handy
CSR: A Stakeholder Responsibility?
Caring Stakeholders
Informed Stakeholders
Transparent Stakeholders
Educated Stakeholders
Engaged Stakeholders
Chapter 6: Who Owns the Corporation?
History of the Corporation
Shareholders
Shareholders Own Stock
A Legal Person
Business Judgment Rule
Fiduciary Duties
Dodge v. Ford
Shareholders Versus Stakeholders
Part II Case Study: Impact Investing
Socially Responsible Investing
Values-Based Funds
Social Impact Bonds
Next Steps
Part III: An Economic Perspective
Chapter 7: The Pursuit of Profit
Markets
Stakeholders as Market Makers
Profit
Economic Value + Social Value
Profit Optimization
Production Value and Consumption Value
Social Progress
Bottom of the Pyramid
Unilever
Chapter 8: Incentives and Compliance
Voluntary Versus Mandatory
Behavioral Economics
Plastic Bags
Nudges
Walmart
The Walmart Paradox
Is Walmart Good for Society?
Walmart and Sustainability
Walmart and Greenwash
Walmart and Strategic CSR
Chapter 9: Accountability
Defining CSR
Measuring CSR
CSR Standards
CSR Certification
CSR Labels
Pricing CSR
Lifecycle Pricing
Free Markets
Part III Case Study: Financial Crisis
The Great Recession
Moral Hazard
Global Capitalism
Occupy Wall Street
Countrywide
Bank of America
Next Steps
Part IV: A Strategic Perspective
Chapter 10: Strategy + CSR
What Is Strategy?
Competing Strategy Perspectives
SWOT Analysis
The Resources Perspective
Limitations of the Resources Perspective
The Industry Perspective
Limitations of the Industry Perspective
The Integration of Strategy and CSR
Combining the Resources and Industry Perspectives
Integrating CSR
The CSR Threshold
Variation Among Companies
Variation Among Industries
Variation Among Cultures
Chapter 11: CSR as a Strategic Filter
The CSR Filter
Structure
Competencies
Strategy
CSR Filter
Environment
The Market for CSR
CSR Price Premium
CSR Market Abuse
The CSR Filter in Action
Chapter 12: Strategic CSR
Defining Strategic CSR
CSR Perspective
Core Operations
Stakeholder Perspective
Optimize Value
Medium to Long Term
Strategic CSR Is Not an Option
Not Philanthropy
Not Caring Capitalism
Not Sharing Value
Strategic CSR Is Business
Part IV Case Study: Supply Chain
An Ethical Supply Chain
Fair Trade
An Unethical Supply Chain
Apple
A Strategic Supply Chain
Starbucks
Next Steps
Part V: A Sustainable Perspective
Chapter 13: Sustainability
Sustainable Development
COP21
Climate Change
Resilience
Natural Capital
Stakeholders
Interface and M&S
Waste
e-Waste
Beyond Sustainability
Chapter 14: Implementing CSR
Strategic Planning
Short- to Medium-Term Implementation
Executive Investment
CSR Officer
CSR Vision
Performance Metrics
Integrated Reporting
Ethics Code and Training
Ethics Helpline
Organizational Design
Medium- to Long-Term Implementation
Stakeholder Engagement
Marketing
Corporate Governance
Social Activism
The Socially Responsible Firm
Chapter 15: Sustainable Value Creation
Values, Morals, and Business Ethics
Creating Value
Conscious Capitalism
Values-Based Business
Ben & Jerry’s
Strategic CSR Is Good Business
Part V Case Study: Employees
Timberland
The Gig Economy
Employee-Centered Firms
John Lewis
Zappos
Final Thoughts
Endnotes
Company Index
Subject Index
About the Author
List of Figures
Preface Figure 1 Bloom’s Taxonomy of Learning xxxi
Part I: Corporate Social Responsibility
Figure 1.1 The Corporate Social Responsibility Hierarchy 5
Figure 1.2 The History and Evolution of CSR 10
Figure 2.1 The Three Phases of Stakeholder Access to Information 29
Figure 2.2 The Two Phases of Globalization 31
Figure 2.3 The Free Flow of Information in a Globalizing World 36
Figure 3.1 The Corporation’s Rights, Responsibilities, and Self-Interest
40
Figure I.1 Religion in the United States (% of adult population, 2001–
2008) 57
Figure I.2 Religion in the UK (% of adult population, 2001–2011) 58
Part II: A Stakeholder Perspective
Figure 4.1 A Stakeholder Model 76
Figure 4.2 Prioritizing Issues 81
Figure 4.3 Prioritizing Stakeholder Interests 82
Figure 4.4 The Five Steps of Stakeholder Prioritization 85
Figure 5.1a The Firm and Stakeholders as Independent Actors 95
Figure 5.1b The Firm and Stakeholders as Integrated Actors 95
Figure 5.2 The Strategic CSR Window of Opportunity 97
Figure 5.3 The CSR Sweet Spot Versus Danger Zone 100
Figure 5.4 The Honesty and Ethics of Business Executives (1990–2014)
101
Figure 5.5 Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for CSR (2011–2014) 103
Figure 5.6 A Stakeholder’s Responsibilities 108
Figure 6.1 Primary Versus Secondary Markets for Securities 113
Figure 6.2 Shareholder Rights in the United States 117
Figure II.1 Growth of ESG Funds in the United States (1995–2014) 130
Figure II.2 Growth of SIBs Worldwide (2010–2015) 137
Part III: An Economic Perspective
Figure 7.1 Income Distribution Throughout the World (income,
population) 153
Figure 7.2 Unilever—The Sustainability Leader (2015) 156
Figure 8.1 Walmart Stores Worldwide: Total Number of Retail Stores
per Country, by Region (July 2015) 169
Figure 9.1 The Product Lifecycle 193
Figure III.1 Fines Paid by the Six Largest US Banks (2010–2013,
billions of $) 204
Part IV: A Strategic Perspective
Figure 10.1 Porter’s Five Competitive Forces 217
Figure 10.2 The Business-Level CSR Threshold 224
Figure 11.1 Strategic Constraints and the CSR Filter 232
Figure 11.2 Strategy Formulation Using the CSR Filter 244
Figure 12.1 Porter & Kramer’s Strategy and Society Model 249
Figure 12.2 The Difference Between CSR and Strategic CSR 261
Figure IV.1a Retail Sales of Fair Trade Products in the UK (£ million,
2001–2011) 265
Figure IV.1b Imports of Fairtrade Coffee to the United States (volume in
millions of pounds, 1998–2013) 266
Figure IV.2 Ripples of Responsibility Across the Supply Chain 275
Part V: A Sustainable Perspective
Figure 13.1a Total Carbon Emissions by Country (percent, 2015) 287
Figure 13.1b Per Capita CO2 Emissions Among the G20 Countries
(metric tons, 2011) 288
Figure 13.2 The Carbon Footprint of Tropicana Orange Juice (0.5
gallons = 3.75 lbs [1.7 kg] of CO) 292
Figure 13.3 Total e-Waste in the United States (2010) 298
Figure 14.1 The Triple Bottom Line 313
Figure 14.2 A Firm’s CSR Plan of Implementation 323
Figure 15.1 Strategic Decision Making in a Values-Based Business 335
Figure V.1 The Threat to Work From Automation 350
Glossary
CSR Terms
Consistent definitions, rhetoric, and vocabulary are the entry point to
understanding any discipline, yet they remain elusive and fiercely debated within
the field of CSR.1 As such, the range of competing terminology that is used can be
a source of confusion for executives, academics, journalists, and other students of
CSR. Ostensibly part of the same discussion, it is common to see CSR referred to
in a number of different ways:
“Corporate responsibility” or “corporate citizenship”

“Conscious capitalism” or “sustainable business”
“Corporate community engagement” or “strategic philanthropy”
“Sustainability” or “corporate environmental responsibility”
“Corporate social performance” or “corporate social strategy”
In many cases, writers are using different terms to mean very similar things, yet
heated debates can sprout from these semantic subtleties. Rather than engage in
this debate, this book focuses on the term corporate social responsibility due to
its widespread diffusion, even while recognizing that different people interpret it
in different ways. In order to clarify some of the confusion and provide a
consistent vocabulary with which to read this book, therefore, brief definitions of
some of the many CSR concepts are detailed below. These terms are discussed in
the CSR literature (some more widely than others) and referred to throughout this
book.
Accountability:
The extent to which a firm attends to the needs and demands of its
stakeholders (see Transparency).
Activism:
Actions (e.g., campaigns, boycotts, protest) by individuals, nonprofit
organizations, or NGOs designed to further social, political, or
environmental goals.
Advocacy advertising:
Efforts by firms to communicate social, environmental, or political positions
to stakeholders (see Cause-related marketing).
Badvertising:
Advertising, marketing, or PR activities by a firm that promote socially
irresponsible behavior, often generating a backlash by stakeholders.
B Corp:
A certification awarded to firms that meet specific standards of transparency
and accountability set by the nonprofit B Lab (http://www.bcorporation.net/).
Benefit corporation:
A type of legal structure for businesses (http://benefitcorp.net/) that is
available only in those US states that have passed benefit corporation
legislation.
Business citizenship:
Socially oriented actions by firms designed to demonstrate their role as
constructive members of society.
Business ethics:
The application of ethics and ethical theory to businesses and business
decisions.
Cap-and-trade:
A market established to buy and sell the right to emit carbon. It is
underwritten by government-issued credits and is designed to limit the total
amount of carbon in the atmosphere.
Carbon footprint:
A firm’s total emissions of carbon-related greenhouse gasses, often measured
in terms of tons of carbon or carbon dioxide (see Greenhouse gas).
Carbon insetting:
A firm’s integration of sustainable practices directly into the supply chain to
take responsibility for its carbon emissions (see Carbon offsetting).
Carbon intensity:
A measure of a firm’s environmental impact that is calculated by dividing
carbon emissions by annual sales.
Carbonivore:
An organization or technology that removes more carbon from the air than it
emits, “either storing it, turning it into a useful product or recycling it.”2
Carbon neutral:
An effort to ensure a firm’s net carbon emissions are zero (see Net positive).
Carbon offsetting:
A firm’s reduction of its carbon footprint by paying for environmentally
beneficial behavior by a third party (see Carbon insetting).
Cash mob:
A group of community residents who use social media to assemble at a given
date and time to spend money in support of a local business.
Cause-related marketing:
Efforts to gain or retain customers by tying purchases of the firm’s goods or
services to the firm’s philanthropy (see Advocacy advertising).
Circular economy:
A means to reduce waste within economies via greater efficiency or by
reuse, repair, or recycling (see Cradle-to-cradle).
Civic engagement:
Efforts by a firm to improve a local community.
Clicktivism:
A form of social or environmental protest that is conducted online via social
media (e.g., signing an online petition).
Climate change:
The term used to describe the effect on the planet’s weather systems of human
economic activity.
Coalitions:
Collections of organizations, stakeholders, or individuals that collaborate to
achieve common goals.
Community advocacy panels (CAPS):

Formal or informal groups of citizens who advise firms about areas of
common interest that affect the local community.
Compliance:
Actions taken by firms to conform to existing laws and regulations.
Conscious capitalism:
An emerging economic system that “builds on the foundations of Capitalism
—voluntary exchange, entrepreneurship, competition, freedom to trade and
the rule of law. These are essential to a healthy functioning economy, as are
other elements of Conscious Capitalism including trust, compassion,
collaboration and value creation.”3 Synonymous with strategic CSR, it is
based on four principles that encourage the development of values-based
businesses: higher purpose, stakeholder interdependence, conscious
leadership, and conscious culture (see Values-based business).
Consumer activism:
Efforts by customers to have their views represented in company policies
and decision making. Organized activism is more likely referred to as a
“consumer movement,” which can advocate for more radical changes in
consumer laws.
Consumer boycott:
Customers who avoid specific industries, firms, or products based on
performance metrics or issues that they value.
Consumer buycott:
Consumers who actively seek to support specific industries, firms, or
products through their purchase decisions based on performance metrics or
issues that they value. Such support is often warranted because an industry or
specific firm has been marginalized by other stakeholders in society.
Corporate citizenship:
See Business citizenship.
Corporate philanthropy:
Contributions by firms that benefit stakeholders and the community, often
made through financial or in-kind donations to nonprofit organizations.
Corporate responsibility:
A term similar in meaning to CSR, but preferred by some companies because
it deemphasizes the word social.
Corporate social opportunity:
A perspective that emphasizes the benefits to firms of adopting CSR,
mitigating the perception of CSR as a cost to business.4
Corporate social performance:

The benefits to the firm (often measured in traditional financial or accounting
metrics) gained from implementing CSR.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR):

A responsibility among firms to meet the needs of their stakeholders and a
responsibility among stakeholders to hold firms to account for their actions.
Corporate social responsiveness:

Actions taken by a firm to achieve its CSR goals in response to demands
made by specific stakeholder groups.
Corporate stakeholder responsibility:

A responsibility among all of a firm’s stakeholders to hold the firm to
account for its actions by rewarding behavior that meets expectations and
punishing behavior that does not.
Corporate sustainability:
Business operations that can be continued over the long term without
degrading the ecological environment (see Sustainability).
Cradle-to-cradle:
A concept introduced by William McDonough that captures the zero-waste,
closed-loop concept of the circular economy (see Circular economy).5
Downcycling:
A recycling process that reduces the quality of the recycled material over
time (see Recycling and Upcycling).
Eco-efficiency:
An approach to business that is characterized by the need to “do more with
less” and popularized by the phrase “reduce, reuse, recycle.”
Ecopreneur:
“Environmental and social entrepreneurs [who] lead socially committed,
break-through ventures that are driven by environmental, social, and
economic goals”6 (see Social entrepreneur).
Ecosystem:
A self-sustaining community.
Enlightened self-interest:
The recognition that businesses can operate in a socially conscious manner
without forsaking the economic goals that lead to financial success.
Ethics:
A guide to moral behavior based on social norms and culturally embedded
definitions of right and wrong.
E-waste:
Toxic pollutants that are a byproduct of discarded consumer electronic
goods, such as televisions, computers, and cell phones.
Externality:
See Externality under “Strategy Terms.”
Fair trade:
Trade in goods at prices above what market forces would otherwise
determine in order to ensure a living wage for the producer (see Living
wage).
Fast money:
“Money that has become so detached from people, place and the activities
that it is financing that not even the experts understand it fully”7 (see Slow
money).
Garbology:
The study of what humans throw away.8
Global Compact:
A United Nations–backed effort to convince corporations to commit to
multiple principles that address the challenges of globalization.9
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI):

A multi-stakeholder organization designed to produce a universal measure of
a firm’s CSR efforts.
Global warming:
See Climate change.
Glocalization:
“Dealing with big global problems through myriad small or individual
actions.”10
Green noise:
“Static caused by urgent, sometimes vexing or even contradictory information
[about the environment] played at too high a volume for too long.”11
Greenhouse gas:
A gas that pollutes the atmosphere by trapping heat, causing average
temperatures to rise (e.g., carbon dioxide; see Carbon footprint).
Greenwash:
“Green-wash (green’wash’, -wôsh’)—verb: the act of misleading consumers
regarding the environmental practices of a company or the environmental
benefits of a product or service”12 (see Pinkwash).
Gross national happiness:

An attempt, most advanced in the Kingdom of Bhutan, to replace gross
domestic product (GDP) as the primary measure of an economy’s health and
well-being.13
Human rights:
Freedoms that are an integral element of what it is to be human.14
Impact investing:
A variety of investment vehicles (e.g., mutual funds, low-interest loans,
bonds, and exchange-traded funds [ETFs]) that seek to produce a financial
return for investors by solving social problems that previously were not
addressed by market forces (see Social finance).
Inclusive capitalism:
The idea that “those with the power and the means have a responsibility to
help make society stronger and more inclusive for those who don’t.”15
Integrated reporting:
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
DATE-AND-NUT SQUARES
Chewy favorites with rich nutty flavor.
Much like the Bishop’s Bread served
to circuit-riding preachers in days of
Early America.
Beat until foamy ...
2 eggs
Beat in ... To sugar confection-like Date-and-Nut

Squares (left) ... dip in confectioners’
½ cup sugar sugar and shake.
½ tsp. vanilla
Sift together and stir in ...
½ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ tsp. baking powder
½ tsp. salt
Mix in ...
1 cup cut-up walnuts

2 cups finely cut-up dates
Spread in well greased 8″ square pan (8 × 8 × 2″). Bake until top has
dull crust. Cut into squares while warm, cool, then remove from pan.
If desired, dip in confectioners’ sugar.
temperature: 325° (slow mod. oven).
time: Bake 25 to 30 min.
amount: 16 2″ squares.
JEWELLED COOKIES
Glowing with gems of spicy gumdrops (red and green for Christmas holidays).

2 eggs
Beat in ...
1 cup sugar
1 tsp. vanilla
1 cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ tsp. salt
Mix in ...
½ cup cut-up toasted blanched almonds

½ cup cut-up gumdrops (¼″)
Spread in well greased and floured 9″ square pan (9 × 9 × 2″).

Sprinkle extra cut-up gumdrops (about ½ cup) over top of batter.
Bake until top has a dull crust. Cut into squares while warm, cool,
then remove from pan. (Crust will crack.)
★ WALNUT SQUARES
Almost candy ... so rich and nutty.
1 egg
Beat in ...
1 cup brown sugar

½ tsp. vanilla
½ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ tsp. salt
⅛ tsp. soda
Mix in ...
a dull crust. Cut into squares while warm, cool, then remove from
pan.
TUTTI-FRUTTI SURPRISES
Like moist fruit cake ... full of good things.
2 eggs
Gradually beat in ...
1 cup sifted confectioners’ sugar
Stir in ...
3 tbsp. shortening, melted
¾ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

1½ tsp. baking powder
1 tsp. salt
Mix in ...
1 cup cut-up nuts

1 cup cut-up dates
¾ cup cut-up candied fruit
a dull crust. Cut into squares while warm, cool, then remove from
pan.
Deliciously rich two-layer cookies.
TOFFEE-NUT BARS ( Recipe) Almond-coconut topping on melt-

in-the-mouth crust.
BOTTOM LAYER
Mix together thoroughly ...
½ cup soft shortening (half butter)

½ cup brown sugar
Stir in ...
1 cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour
Press and flatten with hand to temperature: 350° (mod.

cover bottom of ungreased oven).
oblong pan (9 × 13 × 2″). Bake time: Bake 10 min.
10 min. Then spread with
ALMOND-COCONUT TOPPING
Beat well ...
2 eggs
Stir in ...
1 cup brown sugar

1 tsp. vanilla
Mix together and stir in ...
2 tbsp. GOLD MEDAL Flour

1 tsp. baking powder
½ tsp. salt
Mix in ...
1 cup moist shredded coconut

1 cup cut-up almonds (or other nuts)
Return to oven and bake 25 temperature: 350° (mod.

min. more until topping is oven).
golden brown. Cool slightly ...
time: Bake 25 min.
then cut into bars.
amount: About 2½ doz. 1″ × 3″
bars.
COCONUT-LEMON BARS
Follow recipe above for Bottom Layer. Bake 10 min. Let stand a
few minutes before spreading with
COCONUT-LEMON TOPPING
Beat well ...
2 eggs
Stir in ...
1 cup brown sugar

2 tbsp. lemon juice
1 tsp. grated lemon rind
½ tsp. salt
Spread almond-coconut topping on
Mix in ... bottom layer.
1 cup moist shredded

coconut
½ cup cut-up raisins
Return to oven and bake 25 min. more until topping is golden brown.
Cool slightly ... then cut into bars.
★ JELL-MERINGUE-FILBERT BARS
Jeannette Campbell of our Staff goes into rhapsodies about these luscious bars.
Follow recipe above for Bottom Layer—except use sifted
confectioners’ sugar in place of brown, and stir 2 egg yolks into the
sugar and shortening mixture. Bake. Spread with ½ to ¾ cup
softened jelly (currant, raspberry, or grape), then with
MERINGUE-FILBERT TOPPING
Beat until stiff ...
2 egg whites
Beat in gradually ...
½ cup sugar
¼ tsp. cinnamon
Fold in ...
1 cup ground filberts

(unblanched)
Return to oven and bake 25

min. more until topping is The fluffy meringue-filbert topping is piled on
golden brown. Cool slightly ... top of softened jelly spread over the crust.
then cut into bars.
Fruit fillings between nut-rich crumb crusts.
FILLED BAR COOKIES ( Recipe)

First, prepare desired filling (see below), and cool.
FOR CRUST
¾ cup soft shortening (part butter)

1 cup brown sugar
1¾ cups sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ tsp. soda
1 tsp. salt
Stir in ...
1½ cups rolled oats
Mix thoroughly. Place one half of this crumb mixture in greased and
floured oblong pan (9 × 13 × 2″). Press and flatten with hands to
cover bottom of pan. Spread with cooled filling. Cover with remaining
crumb mixture ... patting lightly. Bake until lightly browned. While
warm, cut into bars and remove from pan.
temperature: 400° (mod. hot oven).
amount: About 2½ doz. 1½″ × 2″ bars.
DATE BARS (Matrimonial

Cake)
These cookies won the first prize at
the famous Minnesota State Fair one
year ... for Mrs. C. Arlt of St. Paul.
Follow recipe above, using:

Date Bars ... perfect pals for good hot
coffee or tea
DATE FILLING
Mix together in saucepan ...
3 cups cut-up dates

¼ cup sugar
1½ cups water
Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened (about 10

min.). Cool.
PRUNE-ORANGE BARS
Follow recipe above using
PRUNE-ORANGE FILLING
3 cups cut-up cooked prunes (drained)

½ cup sugar
½ cup orange juice
2 tbsp. lemon juice
2 tbsp. grated orange rind
Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened (about 10

min.). Cool.
DATE-APRICOT BARS
Follow recipe above using
DATE-APRICOT FILLING
1 cup cut-up dates

2 cups mashed, cooked, dried apricots (drained)
½ cup sugar
2 tbsp. of the apricot juice
Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened (about 5 min.).
Cool.
★ HAZELNUT BARS
Crusty, macaroony.
Old-time German party cookies that keep beautifully.
Beat in top of double boiler until stiff ...
2 large egg whites
Beat in gradually ...
1 cup sugar
Fold in ...

Cook over boiling water 3 min., stirring constantly. Remove from over
hot water.
Blend in ...
1 tsp. vanilla
1½ cups coarsely ground unblanched filberts (hazelnuts)
Spread dough smoothly ¼″ thick in ungreased paper-lined oblong

pan (9 × 13 × 2″). With fingers, pat top gently with warm water. Bake
until top looks dull. While warm, cut into bars 1½″ × 2″. Cool slightly,
then turn paper over (bars and all). Dampen entire surface with cold
water. When water penetrates paper, bars are easily removed. If
desired, place two bars together with a butter icing between (see
Burnt Butter Icing, p. 18).
temperature: 350° (mod. oven).
amount: 32 single bars, 1½″ × 2″.
ROLLED COOKIES Pat ’em, and roll ’em
and sugar for tea.
HOW TO MAKE ROLLED COOKIES ( preliminary steps on pp. 14-

15)
1 To prevent
2 Roll lightly, small 3 Cut as many cookies
“sticking,” slip a
amount dough at a time ... from each rolling as
canvas cover over
keeping the rest chilled. possible. Dip cooky cutter
board, and stockinet
Roll very thin for crisp in flour, then shake it and
over rolling pin. Rub
cookies. cut.
flour into the covers.
Short cut: instead of rolling it, drop dough and flatten with glass.
See page 40.
★ SUGAR COOKIES ( Recipe)

Crispy, thin, flavorful.
1½ cup soft shortening (half butter)

¾ cup sugar
1 egg
Stir in ...
1 tbsp. milk or cream
1 tsp. flavoring (vanilla or lemon or a combination of the two)
1¼ cups sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

¼ tsp. baking powder
¼ tsp. salt
Chill dough. Roll very thin (¹⁄₁₆″). Cut into desired shapes. Place on
lightly greased baking sheet, and sprinkle with sugar. Bake until
delicately browned.
temperature: 425° (hot oven).
amount: About 5 doz. 2½″ cookies.
LEMON SUGAR COOKIES

Follow recipe above—except in place of vanilla, use 2 tsp. grated
lemon rind and 1 tsp. lemon juice.
NUT SUGAR COOKIES

Follow recipe above—and mix into the dough 1 cup finely
chopped nuts.
★ RICH SUGAR COOKIES

Extra tender ... a flavor favorite!
Follow recipe above—except use ½ cup sugar in place of ¾ cup.
Use 1 tsp. cream of tartar and ½ tsp. soda in place of the baking
powder.
CARAWAY COOKIES
Follow recipe above—except omit vanilla, sift ½ tsp. nutmeg with
the dry ingredients, and mix 1 tsp. caraway seeds into the dough.
CHOCOLATE PINWHEELS
Fascinating whirls of dark and light ... an unusual taste delight.
Follow recipe above or recipe for Rich Sugar Cookies. Divide
dough into 2 equal parts. Into 1 part, blend 1 sq. unsweetened
chocolate (1 oz.), melted and cooled. Chill. Roll out white dough 9″ ×
12″. Roll out chocolate dough same size and lay on top of white
dough. Roll the double layer of dough gently until ³⁄₁₆″ thick. Roll up
tightly, beginning at wide side, into a roll 12″ long and 2″ in diameter.
Chill. Slice ⅛″ thick. Place slices a little apart on lightly greased
baking sheet. Bake.
temperature: 350° (mod. oven).
amount: About 5 doz. 2″ cookies.
Merrily we roll the dough ... for parties.
BUTTER COOKIES ( Recipe) Crisp, with the true buttery flavor,

but not sweet.
1 cup soft butter

½ cup sugar
1 egg
Stir in ...
3 tsp. flavoring (vanilla, lemon, etc.)
3 cups sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ tsp. baking powder
almond or pecan halves
Chill dough. Roll very thin (¹⁄₁₆″). Cut into desired shapes. Place on
ungreased baking sheet. Press blanched almond or pecan half into
top of each cooky. If glazed cooky is desired, brush mixture of 1 egg
yolk and 2 tbsp. water over top of cookies before baking. Bake until
they are delicately browned.
temperature: 425° (hot oven).
COOKIES FOR PARTIES Delightful for all sorts of special

occasions.
Follow recipe for Sugar Cookies above, or recipe for Butter Cookies above.
Cut and decorate cookies for special occasions as follows:
HEART COOKIES
For special Valentines.
Cut with heart-shaped cutter. Brush lightly
with a little beaten egg white. Then sprinkle
with red sugar. Bake.
Cut round cookies. Place a tiny red candy
heart in center of each. Bake.
Cut dough with two heart-shaped cutters, one smaller than the other.
Lay a smaller heart on each of the larger ones and bake each pair as
one cooky. When baked, ice the smaller heart with red or pink icing.
CHERRY AND HATCHET

COOKIES
For George Washington’s
Birthday.
Cut small round cherries from
red candied cherries and stick them on baked cookies in sprays of
three, with little stems and leaves of green citron.
Cut cookies with hatchet-shaped cooky cutter. Or stick little candy
hatchets on cookies.
PLACE CARDS OR FAVORS

For children’s parties.
Roll dough ⅛″ thick. Cut into 2″ × 3″ oblong shapes. Bake. When
cookies are cool, write names on them with melted chocolate or
colored icing.
FLOWER COOKIES
For Easter, spring and summer
parties.
Color dough pink or yellow. Cut
cookies with little scalloped
cutters, for petal effect. Brush
with egg white and sprinkle with pink or yellow sugar before baking.
Bits of candied orange peel or yellow gum drops may be used for
yellow centers.
Make flower and rosette shapes by forcing the dough through a
cooky press.
DECORATING ICING
Into 1 cup sifted confectioners’
sugar, stir just enough water
(about 1 tbsp.) to make icing
easy to force through pastry
tube—yet hold its shape. Tint if desired with a few drops of food
coloring. (Pile into pastry tube and squeeze.)
COOKIES WITH FACES

For Hallowe’en.
Follow recipe for soft molasses cookies such as Gingies on page 34.
Tint the Decorating Icing (above) orange. Then force it through a
pastry tube or paper cornucopia to make faces with
eyes, nose, mouth, and hair.
Little taste-tempters in fascinating shapes.
FILLED COOKIES ( Recipe) Tender, creamy white turnovers hold

luscious fillings.
½ cup soft shortening

1 cup sugar
2 eggs
Stir in ...
2 tbsp. thick cream

1 tsp. vanilla
2½ cups sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

¼ tsp. soda
½ tsp. salt
Chill dough. Roll very thin (¹⁄₁₆″). Cut 3″ rounds or squares. Place on
lightly greased baking sheet. Place a rounded teaspoonful of desired
cooled filling (below) on each. Fold over like a turnover, pressing
edges together with floured tines of a fork or tip of finger. Bake until
delicately browned.
temperature: 400° (mod. hot oven).
FILLED COOKIES IN FANCY SHAPES
Follow recipe above—but cut
dough with scalloped round
cooky cutter or with heart,
diamond, or 2½″ cutter of any
desired shape, cutting 2 alike
for each filled cooky. To give a
decorative effect, cut the center
out of the top cooky with a tiny
cutter of heart, star, or
scalloped round shape. Place
the bottom pieces on lightly
greased baking sheet. Spread Spread filling almost to the edges ... when
desired filling (see below) on making filled cookies. To keep the filling in,
press edges of filled cookies together with the
each ... covering up to edge. fingers or with floured tines of a fork.
Place on the top pieces. Press
edges together.
amount: 4 doz. 2½″ filled cookies.
POINSETTIAS
A smart new favorite for the
holidays.
Follow recipe above—and
roll chilled dough ⅛″ thick. Cut in 3″ squares. Place on lightly
greased baking sheet. Cut with sharp knife from corners of each
square almost to center (making 4 triangular sections in each
square). In center, place 1 teaspoonful cooled Prune Filling (above).
Pick up corresponding corner of each triangular section, and fold
over center filling. Press gently in center to hold 4 points together.
(See diagrams below.)
amount: About 5 doz. poinsettia cookies.
FIG BARS
Plump with fruity filling.
Follow recipe above—and roll one half of dough ⅛″ thick. Cut into
4 long strips (3½″ × 12″). Spread ⅓ to ½ cup Fig Filling (below) on
each strip lengthwise, covering only ½ of strip except for a ¼″ edge.
Lift this edge up and stick it to filling. Quickly flop the uncovered half
of strip over the filling, folding it under at edge. Seal the 2 edges
together securely. With sharp knife, cut into bars 2″ long. Place 1″
apart on lightly greased baking sheet.
amount: 2 doz. 2″ bars.
Luscious fruity fillings ... to suit every taste.
RAISIN, FIG, AND DATE

FILLING
½ cup raisins, finely cut up

½ cup figs, finely cut up
½ cup dates, finely cut up
½ cup sugar
½ cup water
2 tbsp. lemon juice
Cook slowly, stirring constantly, Filled cooky favorites.

until thickened (about 5 min.).
Cool.
amount: Filling for 4 doz. filled cookies.
RAISIN, FIG, OR DATE FILLING

In recipe above for Raisin, Fig, and Date Filling, use 1½ cups raisins,
or figs, or dates ... in place of the combination of the three.
PINEAPPLE FILLING
1 cup sugar
Stir in ...
1½ cups well drained crushed pineapple (no. 2 can)

4 tbsp. lemon juice
3 tbsp. butter
¼ tsp. nutmeg
¾ cup pineapple juice
Cook slowly, stirring constantly, until thickened (5 to 10 min.). Cool.

amount: Filling for 4 doz. filled cookies.
PRUNE FILLING
1⅓ cups mashed cooked prunes (2 cups

uncooked)
½ cup sugar
2 tbsp. lemon juice
Clean sticky fruits from

Cook slowly, stirring constantly, until
your food grinder quickly thickened (about 4 min.).
and easily by running a few
small pieces of dry bread amount: Fills 5 doz. Poinsettias (p. 32).
through it.
★ HIS MOTHER’S OATMEAL COOKIES

Crispy, nutty-flavored cookies ... sandwiched together with jelly or jam.
Nora M. Young of Cleveland, Ohio, won a prize in the “plain cooky class” on these.
Wonderful for lunch box and cooky jar.
Mix together ...
2 cups sifted GOLD

MEDAL Flour
½ tsp. salt
3 cups rolled oats
Cut in until mixture is well

blended ...
1 cup shortening (part butter)
Stir in ...
1 tsp. soda dissolved in ⅓ cup milk (sweet or sour)

1½ cups brown sugar
Chill dough. Roll out ⅛″ thick. Cut into desired shapes. Place on
ungreased baking sheet. Bake until lightly browned. When cool, and
just before serving, put together in pairs with jelly or jam between.
temperature: 375° (quick mod. oven).
amount: About 4 doz. 2½″ double cookies.
Old-time goodies every home should know.
★ GINGIES ( Recipe) Soft and puffy ... true old-fashioned ginger

cookies.
A happy tradition at the famous Girard College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The
boys hoard them ... old grads long for them.

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(eBook PDF) Strategic Corporate Social

Responsibility 4th Edition

“Corporate responsibility” or “corporate citizenship”

Community advocacy panels (CAPS):

Corporate social performance:

Corporate social responsibility (CSR):

Corporate social responsiveness:

Corporate stakeholder responsibility:

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI):

Gross national happiness:

Beat in ... To sugar confection-like Date-and-Nut

Sift together and stir in ...

½ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

1 cup cut-up walnuts

Beat until foamy ...

Sift together and stir in ...

1 cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

½ cup cut-up toasted blanched almonds

Spread in well greased and floured 9″ square pan (9 × 9 × 2″).

1 cup brown sugar

½ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

1 cup cut-up walnuts

Gradually beat in ...

1 cup sifted confectioners’ sugar

3 tbsp. shortening, melted

Sift together and stir in ...

¾ cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

1 cup cut-up nuts

Deliciously rich two-layer cookies.

TOFFEE-NUT BARS ( Recipe) Almond-coconut topping on melt-

½ cup soft shortening (half butter)

1 cup sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

Press and flatten with hand to temperature: 350° (mod.

1 cup brown sugar

Mix together and stir in ...

2 tbsp. GOLD MEDAL Flour

1 cup moist shredded coconut

Return to oven and bake 25 temperature: 350° (mod.

1 cup brown sugar

1 cup moist shredded

Beat in gradually ...

1 cup ground filberts

Return to oven and bake 25

Fruit fillings between nut-rich crumb crusts.

FILLED BAR COOKIES ( Recipe)

¾ cup soft shortening (part butter)

Sift together and stir in ...

1¾ cups sifted GOLD MEDAL Flour

1½ cups rolled oats

DATE BARS (Matrimonial

Follow recipe above, using:

3 cups cut-up dates

Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened (about 10

3 cups cut-up cooked prunes (drained)

Cook over low heat, stirring constantly, until thickened (about 10

1 cup cut-up dates

2 large egg whites

Beat in gradually ...

1 tbsp. GOLD MEDAL Flour

Spread dough smoothly ¼″ thick in ungreased paper-lined oblong

HOW TO MAKE ROLLED COOKIES ( preliminary steps on pp. 14-

★ SUGAR COOKIES ( Recipe)