SISTER CALLISTA ROY

ADAPTATION
MODEL
 SISTER CALLISTA
ROY
Sister Callista L. Roy (born October 14,
1939) is a nursing theorist, professor,
and author.
Adaptation Model of Nursing was
developed in 1976.
Roy’s model sees the individual as a
set of interrelated systems that
maintain a balance between these
various stimuli.
ASSUMPTIONS
People are biopsychosocial beings.
People are in constant interaction with their environment.
The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation.
Adaptation occurs along a continuum from ineffective to
effective responses.
Individuals have the innate capacity to adapt.
Nursing is both a science and an art, with a unique body of
knowledge.
 ADAPTATION
The process and outcome whereby thinking and
feeling persons, as individuals and in groups, use
conscious awareness and choice to create human
and environmental integration
 COPING PROCESS
Acquired ways of interacting with the
changing of environment.
A dynamic process that encompasses the
cognitive and behavioral responses to
stressful situations.
THE PERSON
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CHANGING ENVIRONMENT.
 2 TYPES OF SYSTEMS AT WORK
Regulator Cognator
Subsystem Subsystem
A basic type of adaptive A major coping process
process that responds involving 4 cognitive-
automatically through emotive channels:
neural, chemical, and perceptual and
endocrine coping information processing,
channels; automatic learning, judgment and
response to stimulus emotion
 2 MAIN TYPES OF RESPONSES
Adaptive Ineffective
Responses Responses
Responses that promotes Responses that do not
integrity of the human system, contribute to integrity of the
that is, survival, growth, human system.
reproduction, mastery, and
personal and environmental
transformation.
 CATEGORIES OF STIMULI
FOCAL STIMULI
internal or external stimulus
immediately affecting the system
those that immediately confront the
person, e.g., pricking of skin tissue
during injection of drugs.
RESIDUAL STIMULI
are unknown factors such as beliefs,
attitudes or traits that have an
intermediate effect or influence on the
present situation, e.g., the false belief
that a patient cannot bathe after an
injection.
CONTEXTUAL STIMULI
are all other stimuli present or
contributing factors in the
situation, e.g., inability to explain
the procedure and the need for
the drug.
SIGNIFICANT STIMULI
in all human adaptation include
stage of development, family,
and culture
 NURSING
METAPARADIGM
 PERSON
viewed as adaptive systems who strive for
balance in their interactions with the environment
an adaptive system with coping mechanisms
manifested by the adaptive modes:

01 Physiologic Adaptive Mode 02 Self-Concept Mode

03 Role Function Mode 04 Interdependence Mode

01 Physiologic Adaptive Mode
Behavior pertaining to the physical aspect of the human
system

Determined by physiologic needs, e.g., sleeping after a

day's work. In the physiologic mode, the focus is on five
needs (oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity, rest and
protection) and on four regulatory processes (the senses,
fluids and electrolytes, neurologic, and endocrine
functions).
02 Self-Concept Mode
The composite of beliefs and feelings held about oneself at
a given time.
Focus on the psychological and spiritual aspects of the
human system.
Need to know who one is, so that one can exist with a state
of unity, meaning, and purposefulness of 2 modes
(physical self, and personal self)
Determined by interaction with others. For example, it's
nice to hear someone say, “you’re beautiful in your suit."
03 Role Function Mode
Set of expectations about how a person occupying one
position behaves toward another occupying another
position
Refers to the performance of duties based on given
societal norms or expectations.
Example: In today's society, a “mothering" role often
includes being a breadwinner and so a working woman
needs to return to her work soon after the delivery of her
baby.
04 Interdependence Mode
Behavior pertaining to interdependent relationships of
individuals and groups.
Focus on the close relationships of people and their
purpose. Each relationship exists for some reason.
Involves the willingness and ability to give to others
and accept from others.
Involves ways of seeking help, affection, and attention.
It is also the ability to love, respect, value and accept.
 ENVIRONMENT
encompasses all conditions, circumstances, and
influences surrounding and affecting the
development and behavior of humans as
adaptive systems, with particular consideration of
person and earth resources
elements: represented by stimuli from within the
human adaptive system and stimuli from around
the system
 HEALTH
a state and a process of being and becoming
an integrated whole human being. Conversely,
illness is lack of integration.
Integrity: soundness or an unimpaired
condition leading to wholeness
 NURSING
The science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and
enhances person and environment transformation
An external regulatory force that can modify stimuli, which
produce adaptations
-Stimulus: something that provokes a response, point of
interaction for the human system and the environment
Goal: to promote adaptation for individuals and groups in the
four adaptive modes, thus contributing to health, quality of life,
and dying with dignity by assessing behaviors and factors that
influence adaptive abilities and by intervening to enhance
environmental interactions.
 WRAP-UP
Sister Callista Roy's Adaptation Model is
a comprehensive nursing theory that
provides a framework for understanding
how individuals respond to the
challenges and stressors in their
environment. The model emphasizes the
dynamic and ongoing nature of
adaptation and highlights the
importance of promoting adaptation to
maintain or improve health.
Thank you