Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ebook Ebook PDF Principles of Human Physiology 6th Edition PDF
Ebook Ebook PDF Principles of Human Physiology 6th Edition PDF
The guiding philosophy for this textbook was to create a to further demonstrate systems integration; the other Solve Its
rich resource that makes it as easy as possible for students to learn are independent.
the fundamentals of human physiology while also providing a solid,
InterpretIng Data are new exercises provided in MasteringA&P®.
comprehensive, and current overview of the field. It is our belief
These exercises are found in each chapter and focus on how to read
that a physiology textbook should emphasize deeper understanding
graphs and tables using related data.
of concepts over mere memorization of facts, in concert with use-
ful tools for students with varying levels of preparation in biology,
chemistry, physics, and related sciences, to aid them in their indi- Chapter 1 Introduction to Physiology
vidual studies. InterpretIng Data: Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Students
In developing the sixth edition, we’ve made several ambitious analyze a graph showing the relationship between BMI and risk for
enhancements with these goals in mind, while retaining the book’s Type II Diabetes Mellitus, and comparing men to women.
proven and trusted hallmarks: a direct and precise writing style; a
clear and illuminating art program designed to maximize student
learning; and pedagogical features that stimulate users’ interest, Chapter 2 The Cell: Structure and
help readers think about physiological processes in an integrated Function
way, and reinforce the most important concepts. InterpretIng Data: The Genetic Code. Students will transcribe and
The most wide-ranging advancement in the sixth edition is the translate a portion of DNA.
addition of more critical thinking activities in both the text and the
online tool MasteringA&P®, the most effective and widely used on-
line tutorial, homework, and assessment platform and system for Chapter 3 Cell Metabolism
the sciences. This online tool utilizes the most current resources, in- InterpretIng Data: Students will analyze data on the importance of
cluding chapter quizzes, self-paced tutorials, practice tests, guided one of the enzymes of glycolysis.
animations, interactive physiological processes, expansive labora-
tory simulations, and the newly added Solve It case studies and In-
terpreting Data. Chapter 4 Cell Membrane Transport
InterpretIng Data: Osmolarity and Osmosis. Students will be given
the concentration of solutes in water and asked to determine osmo-
New to the Sixth Edition larity and direction of water movement. There are four different sce-
In response to the feedback we received from users, reviewers, and narios, including the use of a hematocrit to determine if lysis of red
instructors, we have made the following key enhancements to this blood cells has occurred.
edition. Solve It: How Can Membrane Transport Changes Lead to a Heart
Attack?
• MasteringA&P®, an integrated text and technology learn-
ing system focusing on student comprehension and instructor
adaptability, with reinforced clinical content, is included in this Chapter 5 Chemical Messengers
edition. Assignable, text-specific assets include online home-
InterpretIng Data: Receptor Antagonist Actions. Students compare
work, tutorial, and assessment systems; self-paced tutorials; and
graphs to determine if an antagonist had a significant effect on the
customizable, assignable, and automatically graded assess-
actions of the messenger.
ments. MasteringA&P® icons and references appear at appropri-
ate places throughout each chapter to direct students to related
online resources. Chapter 6 The Endocrine System:
• Solve It, clinical case studies, appear in nine chapters. These Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions
cases are presented in the text but provide the option for the InterpretIng Data: Hormone Interactions. Students analyze graphs
instructor or the student to go to the MasteringA&P® site to fur- demonstrating antagonistic actions of two hormones and synergism
ther analyze the case. One case continues through four chapters between three hormones.
iv
Preface v
Neural Integration
InterpretIng Data: Quantal Release of Neurotransmitter. Students
Chapter 16 The Respiratory System:
analyze data similar to that obtained by Katz to understand the con- Pulmonary Ventilation
cept of quantal release of neurotransmitters. InterpretIng Data: Effects of Smoke on the Bronchiole Epithelium.
Students analyze data from a table to determine if nicotine had any
Chapter 9 The Nervous System: Central effects on the bronchiole epithelium by comparing normal epithe-
lium properties to that of epithelium exposed to nicotine.
Nervous System
InterpretIng Data: Analyzing Magnetic Resonance Images of the
Brain.
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas
Exchange and Regulation of Breathing
Chapter 10 The Nervous System: Sensor InterpretIng Data: Hemoglobin-Oxygen Saturation Curves. Stu-
Systems dents analyze the effects of temperature and pH on the hemoglobin-
oxygen saturation curve. They then analyze the differences in mater-
InterpretIng Data: Transduction in the Cochlea. Students analyze
nal and fetal hemoglobin.
frequency response graphs of the basilar membrane.
*These Solve It tutorials are not printed in the textbook, but are assignable in MasteringA&P.
Acknowledgments
As I complete the sixth edition of the textbook, my relation- In addition, I would like to express my thanks to the numer-
ships with all of the supporting personnel has grown. Although the ous reviewers and contributors who provided feedback on the prior
revision process is a heavy undertaking, the team at Pearson Higher edition and suggestions for this revision. Instructor comments are
Education has continued to make the experience not just managea- valued and seriously considered during each revision cycle. Please
ble but actually enjoyable. Throughout the revision, I benefited from continue to send them!
the expertise and hard work of many editors, reviewers, designers, I want to give a special thanks to Heather Wilson-Ashworth
production and marketing staff, and instructors. I extend to them my of Utah Valley University and Cheryl Neudauer of Minneapolis
deepest and heartfelt thanks. Community and Technical College for developing the Solve It
To begin, I want to acknowledge Frank Ruggirello, Serina activities.
Beauparlant, Barbara Yien, and Kelsey Churchman for their leader- There are no words that can express the gratitude I have for the
ship and investment in this text. Thanks to my project and program support and encouragement of my wonderful husband Jim. With-
managers, Chakira Lane and Chriscelle Palaganas, for their guidance out him, there would be no text. I am also grateful to my colleague
during the work on this edition. Thanks to everyone involved in the Robin Mockett who also utilizes the text and provides feedback. And
book’s production and design development, particularly Nancy Tabor a special thanks goes to Theresa Allsup, who keeps my life sane by
(production), Marilyn Perry (design manager), Emily Friel (interior running the prehealth advising office.
designer), and Charlene Charles-Will (cover design). Thanks also to
Tim Nicholls for handling the text and art permissions and Ashley Wil-
liams for coordinating reviews and numerous other tasks. In addition,
I would like to thank Joe Mochnick for his work on the Mastering and
media assets, a big part of this sixth edition. Thanks also to the Pear-
son marketing staff Allison Rona, Christy Lesko, and Jane Campbell. Cindy L. Stanfield
vii
viii Acknowledgments
1 Introduction to Physiology 1
15 The Cardiovascular System: Blood 432
Glossary 729
ix
Contents
1 Introduction to Physiology 1
Cell Division 50
Replication of DNA • The Cell Cycle
Organization of the Body 2 Chapter Summary 53
Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems • The Overall
Exercises 54
Body Plan: A Simplified View
x
Contents xi
An Overview of Reproductive
Physiology 632 24 Diabetes Mellitus 701
The Role of Gametes in Sexual Reproduction • Gene Sorting Classification of Diabetes Mellitus 702
and Packaging in Gametogenesis: Meiosis • Components
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
of the Reproductive System • Events Following Fertilization •
Patterns of Reproductive Activity over the Human Life Span Acute Effects of Diabetes Mellitus 704
Acute Hyperglycemia • Diabetic Ketoacidosis
The Male Reproductive System 638 • Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma • Hypoglycemic Coma
Functional Anatomy of the Male Reproductive Organs • Hor-
monal Regulation of Reproductive Function in Males • Sperm Chronic Complications of Diabetes
and Their Development • The Sexual Response in Males Mellitus: Early Stages 705
The Female Reproductive System 645 Chronic Complications of Diabetes
Functional Anatomy of the Female Reproductive Organs Mellitus: Advanced Stages 706
• Ova and Their Development • The Sexual Response in Adverse Effects of Hyperglycemia • Effects of Diabetes
Females • The Menstrual Cycle • Long-Term Hormonal Mellitus on the Microvasculature
Regulation of Female Reproductive Function
Progression of Diabetes Mellitus to
Fertilization, Implantation, and Critical States 711
Pregnancy 655 Effects of Diabetes on the Macrovasculature • Diabetic
Events of Fertilization • Early Embryonic Development and Cardiomyopathy
Implantation • Later Embryonic and Fetal Development
Delayed Wound Healing 712
• Hormonal Changes During Pregnancy
Wound Healing • Altered Wound Healing in Diabetes
Parturition and Lactation 661
Treatment and Management of Diabetes
Events of Parturition • Lactation
Mellitus 714
Chapter Summary 665
Current Research on Diabetes
Exercises 666
Mellitus 715
23 The Immune System 668 New Techniques for Insulin Administration • Development
of New Medicines for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus •
Anatomy of the Immune System 669 Nonpharmaceutical Therapies for the Treatment
Physical Barriers • Leukocytes • Lymphoid Tissues of Diabetes Mellitus
Near helicotrema
basilar membrane
is wide and flexible
1500 Hz 500 Hz 20 Hz
Near helicotrema
cy of vibration at different regions of the basilar membrane
Don’t just imagine processes…
is
accessible
on mobile
devices!
Visualize, engage, and understand!
are 3-D movie quality animations with self paced tutorials and
gradable quizzes that help students master the toughest physiological topics.
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Täll’aikaa oli tullut sanansaattaja talonpoikain sotajoukosta.
Hänellä oli muassaan kirje Grötrik Finckelle. Kirje oli ruotsiksi kyhätty
ja siinä sanottiin, että kapinoitsijat olivat tulleet etsimään linnaleirin
ratsumiehiä ja muita, jotka olivat olleet yksissä neuvoin Klaus
Flemingin kanssa ja pitäneet vihaa talonpojille ”eikä muuta tehneet
kuin ryöstäneet, raastaneet ja väkisin vieneet, mitä ovat käsiinsä
saaneet”, sekä että talonpojat pyysivät Finckeltä vastausta, tahtoiko
hän linnoineen antautua saman herran alaiseksi kuin he, nimittäin
Kaarlo herttuan. Kirje, päivämäärältään Joroisista, loppui sanoihin:
"Thet ähr Gemene Mans villie", se on yhteisen kansan tahto.
Niilo kumartui alas ja otti tuon esineen, jonka hän huomasi kiven
ympärille käärityksi paperiksi. Hän levitti sen auki ja näki että siihen
oli jotakin kirjoitettu. Käsi-ala oli melkein mahdoton lukea, mutta
hänen onnistui saada siitä selkoa. Paperissa oli ainoastaan pari
sanaa: olkaa tarkasti varoillanne.
— Hirttäkää vangit!
Götrik Fincke vanhus oli suruun vaipunut. Hän tosin oli tottunut
sodan vaaroihin eikä suureksi arvostellut sotilaan henkeä, ei
omaansa eikä muiden; mutta kovasti häntä kuitenkin pahoitti, että
hänen nuori sukulaisensa ja vastainen vävynsä oli joutunut omien,
kapinoitsevain talonpoikien raivon uhriksi, hän, joka niin monessa
jalossa tappelussa kuninkaan ja isänmaan puolesta oli iloisena
pannut henkensä alttiiksi, kuoleman häntä saavuttamatta. Tuo
harmaantunut soturi vuodatti vuolaat kyyneleet, istuessaan tuossa
linnasalin leimuavan lieden edessä, ainoalla kädellään hellästi
hyväillen tyttärensä päätä, joka posket kalpeina ja itkeentyneet
silmät suljettuina lepäsi hänen polveansa vasten.
Vanha vaimo, jonka Olavi oli tuonut muassaan vankina, oli pantu
erääsen luolaan linnan alle. Paljaat kiviseinät heruivat kosteutta,
luolan loukossa oli olkiläjä, pantuna siihen häntä varten, ja
hevosloimi oli hänellä peitteenä. Kapeasta aukosta seinässä kuului
ulkopuolelta rajun virran pauhu.
Huolimatta muusta kuin siitä asiasta, jota varten hän oli tullut,
jatkoi Olavi:!
— Ell’et sitä tee, niin et koskaan pääse tästä luolasta ulos, sanoi
Olavi.
— Tahdotko!
— Tee se, sanoi vaimo, ja ellet täysin siihen tyydy, niin teen sen
väkevämmäksi, niin et voi enää valittaa.
— Pane sitten pari halkoa takkaan, että saamme valoa. Mieli käy
raskaaksi istuessa tällä lailla pimeässä juoden. Tiedäthän mielelläni
katsovani mustia silmiäsi ja pulskia poskiasi.
— En koskaan!
— Mutta lupasithan?