INTRODUCTION TO LAPLACE TRANSFORM Thursday, 02 February 2023

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS II [EN-214]

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
DR BILAL ASLAM
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, ENCD
UET TAXILA
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM (1)

 A powerful technique for circuit analysis is to perform time to

frequency domain transformation
 A more generalized transformation technique is the Laplace
Transform that has the following advantages:
 It can be applied to a wider variety of inputs than phasor analysis
 It provides an easy way to solve circuit problems involving initial
conditions
 Laplace transform is capable of providing us, in one single operation,
the total response of the circuit comprising both the natural and
forced responses
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LAPLACE TRANSFORM (2)

 Given a function f(t); Laplace transform F(S) is given by:

∞ 𝒔 = 𝝈 + 𝒋𝝎
−𝑠𝑡
𝐹 𝑆 =න 𝑓 𝑡 𝑒 𝑑𝑡
0

 For FT to exist, F(S) converge to finite value

∴ 𝑒 𝑗 𝜔𝑡 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜔𝑡 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜔𝑡 = 1
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (1)

 Linearity

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (2)

 Scaling

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (3)

 Time Shift

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (4)

 Frequency shift

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (5)

 Time differentiation

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (6)

 Time integration

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (7)

 Frequency differentiation

Example
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (8)

 Time periodicity
 If f(t) is composed of time-shifted functions with periodicity T

 F1(s) is the Laplace transform of the function over the first period
only
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PROPERTIES OF LAPLACE TRANSFORM (9)

 Initial and Final values

 It is possible to get the initial and final values of a function from it’s
Laplace transform directly
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SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES (1)
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SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES (2)
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TRANSFORM PAIRS
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INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM (1)

 Although it is always possible to use the formula for the inverse

Laplace transform, it is preferable to use the table of transform
pairs
𝑵 𝒔
𝑭 𝒔 =
𝑫 𝒔
 N(s) and D(s) are both polynomials
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INVERSE LAPLACE TRANSFORM (2)

 The steps to finding the inverse Laplace transform are as follows:

 Decompose F(s) in to simple terms using partial fraction
expansion.
 Find the inverse from the transform pairs
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APPLICATIONS TO INTEGRODIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

 Laplace transform is useful in solving the linear integrodifferential

equations.
 Using the differential and integral properties of Laplace transform,
each term in the equation is transformed.
 Initially conditions are automatically taken in to account.
 The resulting algebraic equation is solved in s-domain.
 Solution is then converted back to time domain using the inverse
transform.
 INTRODUCTION TO LAPLACE TRANSFORM Thursday, 02 February 2023

19 PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.5 FROM FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS (6TH EDITION) BY SADIKU

 Find the Laplace transform of the function h(t) in Fig. below

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21 PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.7 FROM FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS (6TH EDITION) BY SADIKU

 Obtain the initial and the final values of

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22 PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.11 FROM FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS (6TH EDITION) BY SADIKU

 Find g(t) given that

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 INTRODUCTION TO LAPLACE TRANSFORM Thursday, 02 February 2023

24 PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.15 FROM FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS (6TH EDITION) BY SADIKU

 Solve the following differential equation using the Laplace

transform method
𝑣 ′′ 𝑡 + 4𝑣 ′ 𝑡 + 4𝑣 𝑡 = 7𝑒 −𝑡
Given, 𝑣 ′ 0 = 𝑣 0 = 2
 INTRODUCTION TO LAPLACE TRANSFORM Thursday, 02 February 2023

25 PRACTICE PROBLEM 15.16 FROM FUNDAMENTALS OF

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS (6TH EDITION) BY SADIKU

 Use the Laplace transform to solve the integrodifferential

equation
𝑡
′
𝑦 𝑡 + 3𝑦 𝑡 + 2 න 𝑦 𝜏 𝑑𝜏 = 2𝑒 −3𝑡
0

Given, 𝑦 0 = 0
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