Organismal Reproduction

Prepared by:
Renito P. Azarcon Jr.
Reproduction
• Process by which new individual organisms –
"offspring" – are produced from their "parents".

• All organisms are capable of reproduction.

Burchell's zebras (Equus quagga) migrate through Chobe National Park in Botswana.
Types of Reproduction
• Sexual reproduction involves two parents, the
male and the female, that produce reproductive
cells called gametes.

• Asexual reproduction utilize many means other

than the use of gametes. It is a uni-parental
process.

The fusion of a haploid male gamete (spermatozoa) and a haploid female

gamete (ovum) to form a diploid cell, the zygote, is called fertilization.
Plant Reproduction
Prepared by:
Renito P. Azarcon Jr.
How do plants reproduce?
Flower
• A flower is the reproductive part
of flowering plants.

Asian garden lily (Lilium lancifolium)

Pedicel
Pedicel
A stem that supports a single flower
and transports food and water.
Puts the flower in position.
Sepal
Protects the flower before it opens.
Petal
Modified leaves that have unique
shape and color to attract pollinators.
 Pollen grains on the surface
of the anther.

Anther
Produces pollen
Filament
Supports the anther
Stigma
Sticky bulb that catches pollen grain
Style
Passageway of pollen
Ovary
• The part of the pistil that holds
the eggs awaiting fertilization.
• Becomes the fruit.

Ovule
• The “small egg” that grows into
a seed after fertilization.
Types of flowers
based on the presence of whorls

Complete flower a flower that is built with

four parts which include the sepals, petals,
pistils, and stamens.

Examples: hibiscus, tulips, and pea plants.

The flower of a shoeblack plant, locally known as gumamela

(Hibiscus rosa sinensis) has complete whorls.
Types of flowers
based on the presence of whorls

Incomplete flower a flower missing any of

its parts in its natural form, i. e. petals,
sepals, stamens or pistils.

Examples: Calla lily, pumpkin, papaya and corn.

The flower of a calla lily plant (Zantedeschia aethiopica)

has no petals and sepals.
Types of flowers
based on the presence of the reproductive whorls

Perfect flower is one in which both male

and female reproductive structures are present.

Both androecium (whorl of stamens) and

gynoecium (whorl of carpels or pistil) are
located on the same flower.
Examples: Hibiscus, rose, and petunia

Apple trees (Malus domestica) are known for their showy

display of perfect flowers in the spring that cover each branch.
Types of flowers
based on the presence of the reproductive whorls

Imperfect flower does not have both male

and female structures.

Staminate flower – male structures only

Pistillate flower – female structures only
Examples: Squashes, cucumbers, corn, and grasses

A papaya flower (Carica papaya) can be a female or male flower.

Types of flowers
based on the presence of the reproductive whorls

Imperfect flowers
Papaya Cucumber

Staminate Pistillate Staminate Pistillate

 1. STYLE 2. STIGMA

3. ANTHER

5. PETAL
4. OVARY

6. FILAMENT
7. OVULE

8. SEPAL
9. PEDICEL