CHARTER ONE

Introduction

In Sierra Leone, a nation brimming with cultural diversity and rich traditions, the youth
population has embarked on a captivating journey of self-expression through an unconventional
and visually striking medium: hair fashion. Located in West Africa, Sierra Leone is home to a
mosaic of ethnicities, languages, and customs, contributing to a vibrant tapestry of cultural
identities. Amidst this backdrop, the young generation of Sierra Leoneans has embraced the
power of hair as a canvas for expressing their individuality, resilience, and aspirations.

This research endeavors to delve deep into the fascinating and evolving landscape of youth
expression through hair fashion within the Waterloo community of Sierra Leone. The
community of Waterloo, situated on the outskirts of Sierra Leone's capital, Freetown, offers a
unique microcosm to explore the intersection of youth culture, identity, and hair fashion within
the broader Sierra Leonean context. This study aims to shed light on the multifaceted factors
driving this phenomenon, unpack its cultural significance, and examine its profound implications
for identity formation among Sierra Leone's youth.

Against the backdrop of Sierra Leone's complex history, characterized by periods of civil unrest
and subsequent efforts at nation-building and reconciliation, youth expression through hair
fashion takes on a multifarious role. It serves as a mode of cultural preservation, a platform for
political and social commentary, and a means of asserting individuality amidst societal
constraints. Moreover, this phenomenon is not isolated but is inherently linked to the broader
cultural, socio-economic, and generational dynamics within Sierra Leone.

By delving into the intricate interplay of factors driving the evolution of hair fashion within the
Waterloo community, this research seeks to explore the motivations, influences, and creative
expressions that underpin youth engagement with this medium. Beyond aesthetics, it aims to
uncover the nuanced stories and narratives woven into each hairstyle, reflecting themes of
cultural pride, resilience, and adaptability.

Furthermore, this study aims to elucidate the collective dimensions of youth expression through
hair fashion. How do these hairstyles contribute to the forging of a collective identity among the

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youth of Waterloo? What role does this expression play in community building, fostering
solidarity, and challenging prevailing stereotypes and stigmas?

As we embark on this exploration of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo
community of Sierra Leone, we hope to provide valuable insights into the rich tapestry of
identities, experiences, and aspirations of Sierra Leonean youth. By doing so, we aim to
contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between culture, identity, and self-
expression within this dynamic and resilient community.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The research seeks to investigate and understand the dynamics of youth expression through hair
fashion within the Waterloo community. This study aims to explore how young individuals in
this community utilize hairstyles as a means of self-expression, identity formation, and as a
reflection of their cultural and social influences. By examining the intersection of hair fashion
and youth culture, this research aims to shed light on the significance of hairstyles as a form of
non-verbal communication and its implications on social cohesion, cultural diversity, and
individuality within the Waterloo community. Furthermore, the study will delve into the
potential impact of societal norms, peer influences, and cultural heritage on the choices and
creativity exhibited by the youth in their hair fashion expressions. Through a multidisciplinary
approach encompassing sociological, cultural, and fashion studies, this research aims to provide
insights into the profound role that hair fashion plays in the lives of young individuals,
contributing to a deeper understanding of the evolving socio-cultural landscape in Waterloo.
Fashion statement has not been studied in Sierra Leone. Therefore this dissertation aims to give
you a better understanding by the end of the study. Yet there are several factors that impacts the
study of youth expression through hair fashion in the waterloo community Sierra Leone.

Firstly, cultural revival and adaptation as young Sierra Leoneans embrace both traditional and
modern hairstyles, it is crucial to understand how these choices are influenced by their cultural
heritage and how these hairstyles have evolved over time.

None the less identity formation hairstyle choices play a pivotal role in the formation of
individual and group identities. Investigating how youth perceive themselves and are perceived

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by others based on their hair choices is essential in unraveling the complex interplay of identity
and self-expression.

Furthermore, societal and economic are the proliferation of hair salons and hairstyling practices
has economic ramifications for both individuals and the broader community. An exploration of
the economic significance of this trend is vital.

More so, sociocultural dynamics understanding deliberate on how societal norms, peer pressure,
and generational influences shape youth's choices in hair fashion can provide valuable insights
into the broader sociocultural dynamics of the Waterloo community.

Educational and Policy Implications: An examination of the potential implications for education
and policy-making in Sierra Leone regarding youth expression through hair fashion

The sociological problem of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo community
of Sierra Leone revolves around understanding the intricate dynamics of how hairstyles are
chosen, maintained, and socially interpreted among the youth, and how these choices contribute
to identity formation, social stratification, and cultural preservation within this specific societal
context.

Identity Formation: Hairstyles are known to be symbolic expressions of identity. In the Waterloo
community, there is a growing trend among youth to use their hairstyles as a medium for
expressing their individuality, cultural heritage, and group affiliations. The central sociological
issue is to examine how these hair choices influence and are influenced by the formation of
personal and collective identities among Sierra Leonean youth.

Social Stratification: Hairstyles can become markers of social status and differentiation. It is
important to investigate whether certain hairstyles are associated with specific social groups or
classes within the Waterloo community and how these associations impact social interactions,
access to resources, and opportunities for youth.

Cultural Significance: Sierra Leone has a rich and diverse cultural heritage, and hairstyles often
carry cultural significance. Understanding how the youth in Waterloo engage with traditional and
contemporary hairstyles, and the cultural messages conveyed through these choices, is a
sociological puzzle that needs to be addressed.
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Gender Dynamics: Hairstyles can also be deeply entwined with gender roles and expectations.
This study should explore whether there is gender-based norms or biases related to hair fashion
among youth in the Waterloo community and how these norms affect notions of masculinity and
femininity.

Influence of Peer and Generational Factors: Societal norms, peer influences, and generational
dynamics are critical factors in shaping youth culture. Investigating how these external factors
impact the choices of hairstyles and the resulting social dynamics is essential for understanding
the sociological dimensions of this phenomenon.

Perceptions and Stereotypes: The study should assess how different hairstyles are perceived by
individuals and society at large, including any associated stereotypes or judgments. Exploring
how these perceptions influence social interactions and opportunities is a sociological
imperative.

Societal Implications: Sociological research must also delve into the broader implications of this
phenomenon for the Waterloo community, including its effects on social cohesion, cultural
preservation, and the potential for challenging or reinforcing existing social structures.

By addressing these sociological facets of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo
community of Sierra Leone, researchers can contribute to a deeper understanding of the societal
dynamics at play, providing valuable insights for both academic discourse and practical
interventions aimed at promoting inclusivity, cultural diversity, and social equity within the
community.

This dissertation seeks to address these gaps by conducting an interdisciplinary investigation into
the multifaceted dimensions of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo
community. Through qualitative and quantitative research methodologies, including interviews,
surveys, and cultural analyses, this study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how
hair fashion shapes the lives of young Sierra Leoneans, influences their identity, and contributes
to the broader societal narrative.

Ultimately, the findings of this research will not only contribute to the academic discourse but
also offer valuable insights for community leaders, policymakers, educators, and cultural
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stakeholders in Sierra Leone, empowering them to better understand, support, and celebrate the
diverse forms of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo community

RELEVANCE OF THE STUDY

Cultural Understanding: By investigating youth hair fashion trends, the study can provide
insights into the cultural practices, traditions, and values of the Waterloo community in Sierra
Leone. Understanding how young people express themselves through their hairstyles can shed
light on the community's evolving cultural identity.

Identity and Self-Expression: Hair fashion is often a reflection of one's individuality and identity.
Analyzing how youth in the Waterloo community style their hair can provide valuable
information about how they perceive themselves and how they seek to establish a unique sense
of self.

Social Dynamics: Hair fashion can be influenced by social norms, peer groups, and media
influences. Exploring these aspects in the study can reveal the underlying social dynamics and
the impact of external factors on the youth in the community.

Economic and Commercial Impact: The study may uncover the economic significance of hair
fashion trends in the community. It can shed light on the local hair industry, including salons,
hair care products, and entrepreneurial opportunities related to hair fashion.

Youth Empowerment: Examining how young individuals express themselves through their hair
can contribute to empowering youth voices and perspectives. This study can serve as a platform
to amplify their opinions and choices in the context of self-expression.

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Policy Implications: Findings from the study can inform policymakers, educators, and
community leaders about the importance of supporting and respecting diverse forms of self-
expression among youth. It may encourage the development of inclusive policies that celebrate
cultural diversity and promote individuality.

Trends and Global Impact: Analyzing youth hair fashion trends in the Waterloo community can
provide a glimpse into broader fashion movements and their influence on a global scale. The
study may offer insights into how local trends connect with larger fashion and beauty industries.

Overall, the study on youth expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo community, Sierra Leone,
can contribute to academic research, cultural understanding, and social development, fostering a
deeper appreciation for the importance of self-expression in shaping individuals and
communities alike.

Theoretical relevance: The study of youth expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo
community, Sierra Leone, has several theoretical relevance that can contribute to the existing
body of knowledge in various fields:

Cultural Studies: The study can provide insights into the cultural significance of hair fashion
among youth in the Waterloo community. It can help researchers understand how hairstyles are
linked to cultural identity, heritage, and traditions, contributing to the broader field of cultural
studies.

Youth Studies: The research can enrich the understanding of how young people use hair fashion
as a means of self-expression and identity formation. It may offer valuable information on the
role of hairstyles in youth subcultures and social dynamics within the community.

Fashion and Beauty Studies: Investigating hair fashion trends among youth in Sierra Leone can
contribute to the literature on the relationship between fashion, beauty, and self-presentation. It
can shed light on the factors influencing hairstyle choices and the impact of global fashion trends
on local communities.

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Social Psychology: The study can be relevant to social psychology by exploring how individuals'
hairstyle choices are influenced by social norms, peer pressure, and media representations. It
may offer insights into the psychological aspects of self-expression through hair fashion.

Cultural Anthropology: The research can contribute to cultural anthropology by examining the
symbolic meanings and rituals associated with hair fashion within the Waterloo community. It
can help anthropologists understand the cultural context and social practices related to hairstyles.

Gender Studies: The study may be relevant to gender studies as it can uncover any gender-
specific norms and expectations regarding hair fashion in the Waterloo community. It could
address questions related to gender identity and its intersection with hairstyle choices.

Globalization and Identity: By analyzing how local youth adopt and adapt global hair fashion
trends, the study can contribute to discussions on the impact of globalization on cultural
identities. It may shed light on how young people negotiate between global influences and their
local cultural practices.

Education and Empowerment: The study's theoretical relevance extends to education and
empowerment, as it can provide a basis for promoting cultural diversity and self-expression in
educational settings. Understanding youth's choices regarding hair fashion can help educators
foster a more inclusive and accepting environment.

Overall, the theoretical relevance of the study lies in its potential to advance knowledge across
multiple disciplines, offering valuable insights into the cultural, social, and psychological aspects
of youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo community, Sierra Leone.

Empirical relevance: The empirical relevance of studying youth expression in the Waterloo
community, Sierra Leone, lies in the collection and analysis of real-world data and observations.
Conducting empirical research can provide concrete evidence and insights that contribute to a
deeper understanding of various aspects related to youth expression in the context of hair
fashion. Here are some specific empirical relevance points:

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Data-Driven Understanding: Empirical research allows for the collection of quantitative and
qualitative data, such as surveys, interviews, and observations, which provide a factual basis for
understanding the prevailing hair fashion trends, preferences, and motivations among young
people in the community.

Identifying Patterns and Trends: By analyzing the data, researchers can identify patterns and
trends in youth expression through hair fashion, such as popular hairstyles, colors, and styles.
This can offer valuable information about the dominant cultural and fashion influences within
the community.

Cultural Insights: Empirical research enables researchers to delve into the cultural meanings and
symbolism associated with specific hairstyles among youth. It can help uncover the significance
of hair fashion in traditional and contemporary cultural practices.

Understanding Social Dynamics: Studying youth expression through hair fashion allows for a
better understanding of social dynamics within the Waterloo community. Researchers can
explore how hairstyles are influenced by peer groups, family, media, and other social factors.

Demographic Analysis: Empirical data can facilitate demographic analysis, such as age, gender,
socioeconomic status, and educational background, to examine how these factors might
influence youth hair fashion choices.

Global vs. Local Influences: Empirical research can shed light on the balance between global
fashion trends and locally derived styles. It can reveal how young people adapt global influences
to suit their cultural and individual identities.

Impact on Self-Perception: By studying youth expression through hair fashion, researchers can
explore how hairstyle choices impact individuals' self-perception, self-confidence, and sense of
identity within the community.

Economic Implications: Empirical data can highlight the economic aspects of the local hair
industry, including the role of hair salons, hair product sales, and entrepreneurial opportunities
related to hair fashion.

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Policy Formulation: Evidence-based research on youth expression in hair fashion can be valuable
for policymakers and community leaders to develop inclusive policies that celebrate cultural
diversity and support the individuality of young people.

In conclusion, the empirical relevance of studying youth expression in the Waterloo community,
Sierra Leone, lies in its ability to provide factual insights, identify patterns and trends, and
contribute to a deeper understanding of cultural, social, psychological, and economic aspects
related to hair fashion among young individuals

Policy relevance: The policy relevance of studying youth expression on hair fashion in the
Waterloo community, Sierra Leone, is significant for several reasons:

Cultural Preservation and Promotion: Understanding how youth express their cultural identity
through hair fashion can inform policies that promote and preserve local traditions and practices.
Policymakers can support initiatives that celebrate and protect cultural heritage within the
community.

Inclusivity and Diversity: Policymakers can use the research findings to develop inclusive
policies that respect and embrace diverse forms of self-expression, including different hairstyles.
Such policies can foster a sense of belonging and acceptance among youth with various cultural
backgrounds.

Education and Awareness: Policies based on empirical research can be implemented in

educational settings to raise awareness about cultural diversity and the importance of accepting
various forms of self-expression. This can promote tolerance and reduce discrimination related to
hairstyle choices.

Empowerment of Youth: Policy initiatives can be designed to empower young people in the
community to express themselves freely through their hairstyles. This can encourage a positive
sense of self and boost their confidence and self-esteem.

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Economic Opportunities: Understanding the significance of hair fashion in the community can
lead to policies that support local hair businesses, such as salons and hairstylists. This can create
economic opportunities and contribute to the growth of the local hair industry

Gend.er Equality: Policymakers can address any gender-specific norms or expectations related to
hair fashion and promote gender equality in hairstyle choices. Policies can be developed to
ensure that all young individuals have equal opportunities to express themselves regardless of
gender.

Cultural Exchange and Collaboration: Policymakers can use the research insights to facilitate
cultural exchange programs or collaborations that encourage appreciation and understanding of
different hairstyles and expressions among youth from diverse backgrounds.

Media Representation: Policies can be formulated to promote accurate and respectful

representation of different hairstyles in media and advertising, avoiding stereotypes and
encouraging cultural sensitivity.

Public Health and Safety: Some hairstyles may have implications for public health or safety.
Policymakers can use the research findings to develop guidelines or regulations concerning
certain hair practices to ensure the well-being of the community.

In conclusion, the policy relevance of studying youth expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo
community, Sierra Leone, lies in its potential to inform inclusive and empowering policies that
celebrate cultural diversity, promote self-expression, and support the economic and social well-
being of young individuals within the community.

Social and community relevance: The social and community relevance of studying youth
expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo community, Sierra Leone, is significant and can have
a profound impact on various aspects of community life:

Cultural Identity and Heritage: Youth expression through hair fashion reflects cultural identity
and heritage. Understanding and appreciating these expressions can strengthen the sense of
belonging and cultural pride within the community.

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Social Cohesion: The diversity of hairstyles in the community can serve as a means of fostering
social cohesion. By respecting and celebrating different styles, the community can promote
inclusivity and unity among its members.

Inter-generational Bonding: The study of youth expression on hair fashion can bridge the
generation gap, as older members of the community may gain a better understanding of the
evolving trends and preferences among the youth.

Community Traditions and Practices: Hairstyles often hold symbolic meanings and are
connected to community traditions and practices. Research on youth expression can preserve and
revitalize these customs, contributing to the community's cultural continuity.

Empowerment of Youth: Allowing young individuals to express themselves freely through their
hairstyles empowers them to embrace their individuality and uniqueness, fostering a positive
sense of self-worth and agency within the community.

Challenging Stereotypes: The study can challenge stereotypes related to hairstyles, promoting a
more open and accepting community that values diversity and rejects discrimination based on
appearances.

Cultural Exchange and Understanding: By exploring the various hair fashion trends among
youth, the community can engage in cultural exchange, leading to better understanding and
appreciation of different cultures and traditions.

Entrepreneurial Opportunities: The study's insights can encourage the development of local hair
businesses, providing entrepreneurial opportunities for community members and boosting the
local economy.

Social Impact and Trends: Hair fashion can be influenced by social trends and media
representation. Understanding these influences can offer insights into broader social changes and
their effects on the community.

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Community Pride: Youth expression on hair fashion can instill a sense of pride and ownership in
the community's unique identity and cultural practices, contributing to a positive community
image.

In conclusion, the social and community relevance of studying youth expression on hair fashion
in the Waterloo community, Sierra Leone, goes beyond individual style choices. It can promote
cultural appreciation, social cohesion, and empowerment, while also challenging stereotypes and
fostering a more inclusive and united community.

Personal relevance: The personal relevance of youth expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo
community, Sierra Leone, extends to individual young people in various ways:

Self-Expression: Hair fashion serves as a medium for young individuals to express their
personalities, creativity, and individuality. Personalizing their hairstyles allows them to
communicate their preferences and style to the world. None the less For many young people in
the community, hairstyles are deeply connected to their cultural identity and heritage. Adorning
specific hairstyles can give them a sense of belonging to their cultural roots and traditions.

Confidence and Self-Esteem: Expressing themselves through unique hairstyles can boost their
confidence and self-esteem, as it enables them to feel comfortable in their own skin and embrace
their appearance with pride.

Peer Acceptance and Social Recognition: Hair fashion trends often evolve within peer groups,
and conforming to or setting these trends can help young individuals gain acceptance and
recognition among their peers.

Empowerment and Autonomy: Having the freedom to choose and experiment with hairstyles
empowers young people by giving them a sense of autonomy over their bodies and appearance.

Exploration of Style: Youth expression through hair fashion allows for the exploration of various
styles, colors, and trends. It gives them an opportunity to discover what resonates with them and
what makes them feel most comfortable and confident.

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Symbolism and Emotions: Hairstyles can carry personal significance, symbolizing milestones,
emotions, or life changes. Young individuals may choose a specific hairstyle to commemorate a
special event or express their emotions at a particular time.

Fashion and Trendsetting: Some young people may find personal relevance in being trendsetters
or fashion influencers within their community. Their unique hairstyles might inspire others to
experiment with their looks as well.

Connection to Global Trends: Young individuals may use hair fashion as a way to connect with
global fashion trends and influences, allowing them to feel part of a broader fashion community.

Artistic Expression: For some youth, hairstyling can be a form of artistic expression, akin to
painting or sculpting. Creating intricate hairstyles can fulfill their creative aspirations.

In summary, the personal relevance of youth expression on hair fashion in the Waterloo
community, is deeply rooted in self-expression, cultural identity, confidence, and empowerment.
It allows young individuals to explore their style preferences, connect with their cultural
heritage, and use their appearance as a canvas for personal expression and creativity.

Aim

To Sociologically understand through discourse analysis of youth expression, youth hair fashion
in the Waterloo community.

Objectives

1. To examine the social profile of youth in the Waterloo community

2. To identify how youth label different hair fashion in the Waterloo community

3. To understand how youth evaluate these hair fashion

4. To understand how youth organize themselves in relation to fashion

5. To discourse the challenges that youth face in getting these hair fashion

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Research questions

1. What is the social profile of youth in the Waterloo community

2. How do youth label different hair different fashion in the Waterloo community

3. How do youth organize themselves in relation to fashion

4. How do youth evaluate these hair fashion

5. What are the challenges that youth face in getting these hair fashion

6. What is your location

CHARTER TWO

Literature review

DEFINITION OF HIAR FASHION

Hair fashion refers to the dynamic and ever-changing trends in hairstyles, hair colors, and hair
accessories that are popular within a certain period of time." (Phaidon Press)

Hair fashion is a form of self-expression and identity, where individuals style their hair to reflect
their personality, cultural influences, and societal norms." (Ayana Byrd and Lori Tharps)

Hair fashion encompasses the art of hairstyling, involving the creativity and skill of hairdressers
to craft unique and aesthetically pleasing looks for clients." (Milady Standard Cosmeto Milady)

Hair fashion can also be understood as a social phenomenon, demonstrating the influence of
media, celebrities, and pop culture on people's choices in haircuts, styling techniques, and hair
products." (Christopher Breward)

Hair fashion refers to the avant-garde and experimental hairstyles that push the boundaries of
traditional concepts, often showcased in runway shows and artistic exhibitions."(Laurent
Philippon)

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Hair fashion refers to the et, styles, and choices related to haircuts, hairstyles, and hair color that
are popular at a particular time. It encompasses a wide range of creative and aesthetic choices
people make to express their individuality and keep up with current beauty standards. (J.T.
Saltert)

Hair fashion refers to the constantly evolving trends, styles, and techniques in hairstyling that
reflect cultural influences and personal expressions.

Hair fashion is the art of using hair as a medium for self-expression, with styles ranging from
classic elegance to avant-garde experimentation."

Hair fashion involves the study and adaptation of hairstyles, textures, colors, and accessories,
reflecting the dynamic interplay between culture, fashion, and personal taste."

Hair fashion is a dynamic aspect of the beauty industry, encompassing the techniques, tools, and
products used to create and maintain various hairstyles that align with contemporary trends and
personal preferences."

Trendsetter Hair fashion refers to the ever-evolving styles, colors, and cuts that individuals adopt
to express their personality and keep up with the latest trends.

Hairstylist's Perspective: Hair fashion is the creative art of transforming hair through various
techniques like cutting, coloring, and styling to enhance a person's appearance and confidence.

Cultural Interpretation: Hair fashion encompasses the culturally influenced ways in which people
groom and style their hair, reflecting traditions, beliefs, and societal norms.

Runway Inspiration: In the fashion world, hair fashion is the integral component of a complete
look that models present on the runway, often working in harmony with clothing and makeup.

Self-Expression Definition: Hair fashion is a form of self-expression, where individuals choose

hairstyles that resonate with their identity, emotions, and personal aesthetics.

Hairstyle Evolution: Hair fashion, as defined by various experts in the field, refers to the ever-
changing trends and styles of haircuts, colors, and textures that evolve over time, reflecting
cultural influences and individual expressions of beauty.

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Hair as a Statement: Some writers describe hair fashion as a form of self-expression and identity,
where individuals use their hairstyles to convey their personality, beliefs, and social affiliations.

Trendsetting Looks: Hair fashion writers often emphasize the role of celebrities, fashion icons,
and social media influencers in setting new hair trends, shaping what's considered stylish and
desirable.

Innovation in Techniques: According to certain experts, hair fashion involves the continuous
innovation of cutting, coloring, and styling techniques that push the boundaries of creativity and
skill in the hairstyling industry.et

Cultural and Historical Context: Hair fashion is sometimes explored in the context of history and
culture, highlighting how hairstyles have evolved over centuries and across different societies,
reflecting changes in fashion, societal norms, and personal expression.

Hairstyle Innovation: Hair fashion refers to the ever-evolving creativity and innovation in
hairstyles, often influenced by cultural trends, personal expression, and celebrity influence.

Hair Texture Trends: Hair fashion includes the popularity of specific hair textures, such as sleek
and straight, natural curls, or voluminous waves, as highlighted by hair experts and fashion
stylists.

Color and Highlights: Hair fashion encompasses the various color and highlighting techniques
used to enhance and transform hair, reflecting individuality and contemporary style.

Accessories and Embellishments: Hair fashion involves the use of accessories like headbands,
clips, and pins to complement hairstyles, contributing to a chic and personalized appearance.

Hairstyle Revivals: Hair fashion often cycles through historical revivals, bringing back iconic
hairstyles from different eras, blending nostalgia with modern twists.

Hair fashion, as described by renowned hairstylist, as the art of creating hairstyles that reflect the
spirit of the times, offering clients a transformative experience through innovative cuts and
techniques. (Viidal Sassoon)

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Guido Palau on Runway Influence: Hairstylist Guido Palau emphasizes that hair fashion is a
collaboration between fashion designers and hairstylists, where the hair plays a crucial role in
conveying the overall message and aesthetic of a runway show. (Guido Palau)

Chris Rock's Societal Commentary: In his documentary "Good Hair," Chris Rock explores the
multifaceted definition of hair fashion by examining its cultural, social, and economic
significance within the African American community and beyond. (Chris Rock)

Modern Hair Fashion by Jen Atkin Celebrity hairstylist Jen Atkin defines hair fashion as a blend
of personal style and current trends, encouraging people to experiment with their hair while
staying true to themselves. (Jen Atkin 2021)

Coco Chanel's Timeless Elegance: Fashion icon Coco Chanel's perspective on hair fashion
emphasizes elegance and simplicity, suggesting that a well-groomed hairstyle is essential to
complete a polished and timeless look. (Coco Chanel's Timeless Elegance)

HAIR FASHION AND CULTURE

Identity and Expression: Hair fashion can communicate one's identity, personality, and affiliation
with specific groups. Different cultures and subcultures may emphasize certain hairstyles or
grooming practices as markers of identity.

Social Norms: Cultural norms and societal expectations influence hair fashion. Certain cultures
may consider specific hairstyles as appropriate for certain occasions or roles.

Historical Significance: Hair fashion can be tied to historical events, periods, and traditions.
Hairstyles often evolve over time and can provide insight into the past.

Religious and Spiritual Practices: Many cultures have religious or spiritual reasons for certain
hair practices. For instance, some religions may require specific hairstyles as a form of
observance.

Fashion Trends: Hair fashion can also be influenced by broader fashion trends. Styles from
popular media, celebrities, and fashion runways can impact how people choose to style their hair.

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Gender Roles: Hair fashion can play a role in expressing and challenging traditional gender
roles. Certain hairstyles may be associated with masculinity or femininity in different cultures.

Ceremonies and Celebrations: Hair fashion often plays a role in cultural ceremonies, rituals, and
celebrations. Elaborate hairstyles and adornments may be used to mark special occasions.

Artistic Expression: Hair fashion can be a form of artistic expression, where hair is treated as a
canvas for creative designs, patterns, and colors.

Local Resources and Climate: The availability of certain hair care products, natural resources,
and the local climate can impact hair fashion choices.

Globalization and Cultural Exchange: In a globalized world, cultures influence each other's hair
fashion trends. Ideas and practices spread more rapidly due to increased communication and
travel.

In conclusion, hair fashion in culture encompasses the various ways that individuals and
communities express themselves through hair grooming and styling, taking into account
historical, social, religious, and personal contexts. It's a dynamic aspect of culture that
continuously evolves and reflects the values and trends of the time.

TYPES OF HIAR FASHION

Pixie Cut: A short, chic hairstyle characterized by its cropped length, usually around the ears or
slightly longer, often associated with a bold and confident look.

Beach Waves: This style features loose, natural-looking waves that resemble the textured effect
of hair after a day at the beach, offering a relaxed and effortlessly stylish appearance.

Balayage: A popular hair coloring technique where highlights are hand-painted onto the hair,
creating a sun-kissed effect that's low-maintenance and provides dimension.

Low cut: A low cut is were in the hair is being cut down low and styled in different ways

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Top Knot: A versatile updo where the hair is gathered at the crown or top of the head and twisted
or wrapped into a knot, suitable for both casual and formal occasions.

Braided Crown: An intricate hairstyle where sections of hair are braided and wrapped around the
head like a crown, often chosen for weddings and other special events

Ombre Hair: Ombre hair involves a gradual transition of color from darker roots to lighter tips.
It's a trendy coloring technique that adds depth and dimension to the hair, giving a sun-kissed
effect.

Sleek Bun: The sleek bun is a polished and elegant hairstyle where the hair is pulled back tightly
and secured into a bun at the nape of the neck. It's a versatile look suitable for both casual and
formal occasions.

Balayage Highlights: Balayage highlights involve a hand-painted coloring technique that creates
a soft, sun-kissed effect, resulting in a natural and gradual transition between hues.

Braided Updo: A braided updo involves weaving the hair into intricate braids that are then styled
into an updo. This style offers elegance and versatility for formal occasions.

SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF HAIR FASHION

From a sociological perspective, hair fashion serves as a multifaceted lens through which various
societal dynamics, including culture, identity, gender, and social status, are both reflected and
shaped. The choices individuals make regarding their hair, whether it's the style, color, or length,
are influenced by a myriad of social forces that extend far beyond the realm of mere personal
aesthetics.

Cultural Symbolism: Hair has historically been a symbol of cultural identity. Different societies
and ethnic groups often have distinct hairstyles that carry deep-rooted cultural meanings. These
hairstyles can signify membership within a specific group, preserve traditions, or challenge
dominant norms.

Identity Expression: Hair choices allow individuals to express their personal identity and
belonging to certain subcultures. Punk, goth, hippie, and other subcultures have embraced unique

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hairstyles as part of their distinctive identity. Additionally, people often change their hairstyles
during significant life events or transitions, reflecting shifts in their self-concept.

Gender and Power: Hair plays a pivotal role in constructing and reinforcing gender norms and
power dynamics. Throughout history, hairstyles have been used to differentiate between genders
and enforce societal expectations. For instance, in many cultures, long hair has been associated
with femininity, while short hair signifies masculinity. These norms, however, are being
increasingly challenged as discussions around gender and identity evolve.

Social Status and Economic Factors: The type of hairstyle one adopts can be influenced by
social and economic factors. Certain hairstyles may require regular maintenance or expensive
products, which can be indicative of a higher social status. On the other hand, practical and low-

Social Differentiation: Hair fashion can also serve as a marker of social differentiation. In some
societies, specific hairstyles are reserved for particular social classes or religious groups. For
instance, traditional African hairstyles can hold cultural significance and indicate tribal
affiliations.

maintenance hairstyles might be chosen due to economic constraints or occupational demands.

Media and Celebrity Influence: The media, including television, movies, and social media, plays
a significant role in shaping hair fashion trends. Celebrity endorsements and on-screen
representations often lead to the popularization of specific hairstyles. These trends can spread
rapidly and influence individuals' choices as they seek to emulate admired figures.

Social Movements and Counterculture: Hair fashion has often been intertwined with social and
political movements. The afro hairstyle during the civil rights movement, for example,
symbolized Black pride and resistance against racial oppression. Such countercultural hairstyles
challenge mainstream norms and reflect broader societal tensions.

Globalization and Hybridization: In an increasingly globalized world, people are exposed to

diverse hair fashion trends from various cultures. This has led to the hybridization of hairstyles,
where elements from different cultures are combined, sometimes blurring traditional lines of
cultural identity.

20
Age and Generational Differences: Hair fashion also differs across generations. What is
considered stylish or acceptable in terms of hair length, color, and style can vary widely between
age groups. Older generations might uphold more traditional norms, while younger generations
often push boundaries and experiment with new trends.

In conclusion, hair fashion serves as a dynamic canvas that reflects and responds to intricate
sociological forces. From cultural symbolism to power dynamics, individual identity to media
influence, hair choices encompass a range of meanings and implications that underscore the
intricate interplay between personal choices and larger societal structures.

DEFINITION OF YOUTH

Youth is the prime stage of life when individuals transition from childhood to adulthood, marked
by physical, emotional, and psychological changes, as well as the exploration of identity and
aspirations. (: Erikson, E. H. 1968).

Youth is a period of rapid growth and development, characterized by a strong desire for
autonomy, self-expression, and the formation of personal values and beliefs."(Piaget, J. 1972).

Youth is a stage of life characterized by a sense of experimentation, exploration, and risk-taking,

as individuals seek to define their place in society and establish social connections."(Côté, J. E.
(2000).

Youth is a phase of life marked by the development of cognitive skills, critical thinking, and the
acquisition of knowledge, as individuals prepare for higher education and career pursuits.":
Gardner, H. (2006).

Youth is a time of social, political, and cultural engagement, where young people strive for social
justice, advocate for change, and contribute to the betterment of their communities."(Freire,
P.1970).

"Youth is the period of life between childhood and adulthood, characterized by physical,
emotional, and social transitions as individuals mature into responsible and independent
members of society. (Mead, M. 1949)

21
Youth is a time of social and cultural adaptation, where individuals navigate their way through
societal expectations, peer influences, and the development of their own sense of identity.
(Habermas, J. 1992).

Youth encompasses the years of dynamic change when individuals transition from being
recipients of socialization to becoming active contributors to society, often marked by a
heightened sense of idealism and civic engagement. (Havighurst, R. J. 1972).

"Youth is the time when one's imagination is strongest, and dreams are woven into the fabric of
reality. (Joseph Conrad)

"Youth is that fleeting time when hearts open like flowers, absorbing the sun's radiance to carry
throughout life's seasons. (Rainer Maria Rilke)

"Youth is a period of exploration, a chapter of life where curiosity propels us forward on the path
of self-discovery. (Angela Duckworth)

"Youth is a tapestry of firsts: first love, first heartbreak, and the first taste of independence. (J.K.
Rowling)

Youth is the canvas upon which life begins to paint its masterpiece, each brushstroke
representing a new experience. (Pablo Picasso)

"Youth is a time of boundless energy, a wellspring of enthusiasm that drives us to conquer

challenges. (Arnold Schwarzenegger)

"Youth is the stage where ideals take root, shaping beliefs that will influence the course of a
lifetime. (Martin Luther King Jr.)

"Youth is the age of resilience, when setbacks are stepping stones and failures are fertilizer for
future success. (Winston Churchill)

"Youth is the dawn of aspirations, a time when ambitions take flight and soar to the highest
skies. (Maya Angelou)

"Youth is the mirror reflecting the raw essence of humanity, capturing both innocence and the
potential for greatness. (F. Scott Fitzgerald)
22
Youth is the joy, the little bird that has broken out of the eggs and is eagerly waiting to spread
out its wings in the open sky of freedom and hope. (A.P.J. Abdul Kalam)

"Youth is the gift of nature, but age is a work of art. (Jerzy Lec S. J)

"Youth is the best time to be rich, and the best time to be poor. (Euripides 480 BC)

"Youth is the trustee of prosperity. ( Disraeli .B.1804)

Youth is the first victim of war; the first fruit of peace. It takes twenty years or more of peace to
make a man; it takes only twenty seconds of war to destroy him. (Baudouin. I. 1930)

"Youth is like a fire, crept forward; a spark at first, growing into a flame; the brightening into a
blaze." - (Taylor .S. 1613)

"Youth is a dream, a form of chemical madness. (Scott Fitzgerald 1896)

"Youth is when you're allowed to stay up late on New Year's Eve. Middle age is when you're
force to stay up at night (Kierkegaard .S. 1813)

YOUTH CULTURE

Hair expression has long been a significant aspect of youth and culture, serving as a form of self-
expression and identity. Throughout history and across various cultures, hair has been used to

convey messages, values, and affiliations. Youth often experiment with different hairstyles and
colors

as a means of asserting their individuality and exploring their identity. Hair can symbolize
rebellion,

conformity, or belonging to a specific subculture. Punk, emo, goth, and other subcultures have
used

distinctive hairstyles to visually represent their beliefs and attitudes. Cultural and ethnic
backgrounds

23
also play a vital role in hair expression. Different communities have unique hairstyles that hold

cultural significance and reflect heritage. For example, dreadlocks in Rastafarian culture,
cornrows in

African cultures, and topknots in Japanese tradition all carry deep cultural meanings.

Furthermore, societal standards of beauty and trends influence how youth approach hair

expression. The media, celebrities, and social media platforms often shape the styles that become

popular. This can create a sense of connection among young people who adopt similar trends,
while

simultaneously allowing them to stand out in a crowd.

However, it's important to note that hair expression isn't just about aesthetics; it can also involve

CHARTER THREE

DATA ANALYSIS

Section A: social demographic characteristics

As the table below indicates the age of youth who are mostly engaged in hair fashion in the
Waterloo community are with in the range of 18, to 35years. Meanwhile the the age of youth
who are mostly engaged in hair fashion in the Waterloo community are with in the range of 18,
to 35years

None the less my dissertation area focus on women and how the use hair fashion to express
themselves and showcase their culture and life styl

24
 Age:

Table 1 .

18-20 5 10%

21-25 10 50%

26_30 10x 50%

31_35 5 10%

Total 25 100%

Religion of youth

Table 2.

Christianity 10% 50%

Islam 16% 50%

According to my findings youth who are engaged in hair fashion as a form of self-expression are
both Muslims and Christians. In the Waterloo community youth express hair fashion in relation
to their religious beliefs, custom's and traditions. However certain religions prohibit artificial hair
styles which includes wigs, wevons, and braided wigs. The Islamic religion prohibit artificial
hair styles and the born again christians are also against artificial hair styles.

25
 Ethnicity of youth

Table 3.

Ethnicity Amount Frequency

Mende 10 35%

Temene 6 10%

Limba 6 10%

Susu 3 5%

Total 25 100%

According to my findings the ethnicity of youth who use hair as a form of self-expression in the
Waterloo community are mende, Temene, Krio, Fullah, susu, Mandingo and Kano. In relations
to my findings these

are the various groups of ethnicity of youth who are mostly engaged in hair fashion as a self-
expression in waterloo community

26
Educational status:

Youth who use hair fashion as a form of expression 7 are degree holders, university 5 school
pupils, 5 are in tertiary and office workers in different areas. These youth use hair fashion to
show case their styles and beauties. Students uses hair fashion to show case their styles and
school pupils use hair fashion in accordance to the rules and regulations of their schools. And
also workers use hair fashion to show case their esthestic tendencies.

Table 5.

School 5 50%

Degree 7 50%

Tertiary 5 25%

Other 0 0%

Total 25 100%13

Section B: Youth label of hair fashion

Youth awareness about hair fashion

During my findings youth were asked about what idea they have about women hair styles in the
Waterloo community. According to the responses almost everyone knows about hair fashion in
the Waterloo community.

Names of women hair styles

During my research findings I was able to get different names of women hair styles from the
respondents. These hairstyles are made with wig natural hair, wavons and more. These hair
styles are given different types of names according to their unique styles they are called low cut,
Bob, wig, weavon, braided wigs, Braided caps, pixel cut, twist, corn rows, ponytail, and more.

Women's Hairstyle Descriptions

27
In the Waterloo community women give numerous descriptions to their hairstyles. However they
describe hairstyles based on there quality styles and textures. During my findings in the Waterloo
community 25 women give me descriptions about different hairstyles these are:

Bob: A classic hairstyle where the hair is cut to chin-length or slightly longer, often with the ends
styled straight or curled inward.

Pixie Cut: Very short hair, typically cropped close to the scalp, offering a chic and low-
maintenance look.

Layered: Hair is cut at different lengths to create layers, providing volume and texture. Layers
can vary from subtle to dramatic. Long and Straight:

Long hair that is kept straight and sleek, which can be styled with various partings or
accessorized.

Curly or Wavy: Hair with natural or styled curls or waves, which can range from loose beach
waves to tight curls.

Ponytail: Hair is pulled back and secured with an elastic band, creating a sleek and functional
look. Braids: Various styles of weaving hair together, including French braids, fishtail braids,
and cornrows, offering versatility and a unique appearance.

Updo: Elegant hairstyles where the hair is pulled up and styled into intricate designs, often for
special occasions.

Bangs: Fringe of hair cut to hang over the forehead, which can be blunt, side-swept, or wispy.

shoulder length. Afro: A natural hairstyle characterized by voluminous, tightly coiled curls that
stand out from the scalp.

Undercut: Hair is shaved or cut very short on one side or at the nape of the neck while leaving
the top longer for contrast.

Dreadlocks: Hair is twisted and knotted to form long, ropelike strands that can vary in thickness
and length. let: Short hair at the front and sides with longer hair in the back, creating a distinctive

28
and edgy look. Dreadlocks: Hair is twisted and knotted to form long, ropelike strands that can
vary in thickness and length.

SECTION C: Organization of youth in relation to hair fashion

Places where women do their hair styles

As the table above in indicates women in the waterloo community can have their hairstyles done
in various places depending on their preferences and the type of hairstyles they want. 20 women
do their hairstyles in at home and in saloons and 5 people do their hair at home. During my
research most women used saloons to get their hairstyles done and these saloons are categorised
into different types Here are some common saloons where women get their hairstyles done.

Salon: Hair salons are popular places for women to get their hair styled, in the Waterloo
community cut, colored, and treated by professional hairstylists. Salons offer a wide range of
services and expertise. Barbershop : Some women with short or low-maintenance hairstyles
choose to visit barbershops, which typically specialize in shorter cuts.

Pop-up Salons: Temporary or pop-up salons may appear at events, festivals, or markets, offering
quick and trendy hairstyling services. The choice of location often depends on factors like
29
convenience, budget, the complexity of the hairstyle, and personal preference. Different
hairstyles may require different settings and levels of expertise. According to a bride who was
getting herself ready for her wedding day " My hair stylist came to fix my hair and she will
follow me to my reception hall"

Home: Many women prefer to style their own hair at home using personal tools like hairdryers,
straighteners, curling irons, and various hair products. They may also seek help from friends or
family members. According to one parent " in other to control my children from going out I do
their hair styles’

Mobile Stylists: Some hairstylists offer mobile services, where they come to the client's home or
location of choice to provide hair services. During my research 10 women service as mobile
stylist in the Waterloo community. Thet visit houses of women and get their hair styles done for
them in return for payment. According to a lady who uses mobile stylist assistant " To avoid
pressure and overcrowding I just call my stylist at home"

Hair Schools: Women looking for cost-effective options may choose to have their hair styled by
students at hairdressing schools under the supervision of experienced instructors. The students
might need an individual to practice on as a result of this some women in the community use this
means as an opportunity to get their hair done. " To avoid more expenditures i will save my
money for other things and grab the opportunity Infront of me"

People who do the hair styles of women

In relations to my findings in the Waterloo community, women typically get their hairstyles done
by local hairdressers or hairstylists who operate small businesses within the community. These
local hairdressers provide a wide range of hairstyling services, including braiding, weaving,
haircuts, and hair treatments.

Women in Waterloo may visit these local salons or hairstylists' homes to have their hair styled.
These hairstylists often have expertise in traditional and culturally relevant hairstyles, as well as
more modern and trendy options. The choice of hairstylist can vary depending on personal
preferences, the type of hairstyle desired, and the budget.

Hair styles that women pay for

30
In Waterloo, Sierra Leone, women pay for a variety of hairstyles, ranging from traditional to
more contemporary styles. The choice of hairstyle often depends on personal preference, cultural
influences, and the occasion. Here are some of the common hairstyles that women may pay for in
the Waterloo community:

Braids: women in the waterloo community pay for braids and this includes various styles of
braiding, such as box braids, Senegalese twists, and cornrows. Braids are popular for their
durability and low maintenance.

Weaves: Women in the Waterloo community may pay for hair extensions to be woven or sewn
into their natural hair to add length and volume. Weaves can be straight, curly, or wavy,
depending on the desired look.

Cornrows: This is the most common type of hairstyles amongst the women in waterloo
community it is the day-to-day type of hairstyles that women put on it is common among youth
who are in the age of 18 and above. Cornrow is the elaborate patterns of braided hair close to the
scalp are a common choice, and they can be adorned with beads or other accessories.

Natural Hair Styling: During my research findings 25 women preferred natural hair styles these
women prefer to embrace their natural hair texture and may pay for services like wash-and-go
styling, twist-outs, or bantu knot-outs.

Hair Extensions: Besides weaves, women may opt for other types of hair extensions, such as
clip-ins or tape-ins, to temporarily change their hairstyle or add highlights.

Short Haircuts: Short and chic haircuts like pixie cuts or bobs are popular among women looking
for a dramatic change. This form of hairstyles achieved by younger youth who are within the age
of 18 to 28 in the Waterloo community e

Bridal and Special Occasion Hairstyles: 80% of women who has experience marriage pay for
their weddings, parties, or other special occasions, women often pay for intricate and glamorous
hairstyles that complement their attire.

31
Wigs: In the Waterloo community wig is also another common hair styles that women in the
community may buy or have wigs customized and styled to their liking, providing versatility in
their appearance. However, 26 these women guarantee wig

In conclusion choices of hairstyle can vary widely from person to person and is influenced by
factors like individual style preferences, cultural background, and trends. Women in Waterloo,
Sierra Leone, have access to a range of hairstyling options based on their needs and preferences.

The cheapest cost of hair styles that women pay for

The cost of hairstyling services in Waterloo, can vary depending on factors such as the
complexity of the hairstyle, the experience of the hairstylist, and the materials used. Generally,
simpler and more traditional hairstyles tend to be more affordable than elaborate or trendy ones.
Here are some of the cheapest hairstyling options that women may pay for in the Waterloo
community:

Cornrows: Cornrows are often one of the more affordable options. Prices can range from
approximately 5,000 to 20,000 Leones or even less, depending on the number and intricacy of
the rows.

Braids: Simple single braids can also be budget-friendly, with prices starting at around 20,000
SLL. The cost may increase if you opt for extensions or more elaborate designs.

Natural Hair Styling: Basic natural hair styling services, like twist-outs or wash-and-go styles,
can be quite affordable, typically starting at around 10,000 to 20,000 SLL.

Haircuts: Short haircuts, such as a basic trim or a short, low-maintenance style, can cost between
10,000 and 30,000 Leones depending on the salon.

Traditional African Hairstyles: Some traditional African hairstyles, like simple tribal or cultural
designs, can be budget-friendly, often starting at around 10,000 SLL.

Hair Treatments: Basic hair treatments like deep conditioning may cost around 10,000 to 30,000
Leones depending on the salon's pricing.

32
 Names of expensive hairstyles that women pay for

In Waterloo community, as in many places around the world, the cost of a hairstyle can vary
significantly depending on factors like complexity, the expertise of the hairstylist, and the
materials used. Some hairstyles are considered more expensive due to their intricate nature or the
need for high-quality extensions or accessories. Here are some examples of relatively more
expensive hairstyles that women may choose to pay for:

Elaborate Weaves: Intricately woven weaves with high-quality human hair extensions can be
among the more expensive options. Prices can range from 150,000 SLL and can go up
significantly for longer lengths or more luxurious hair types.

Bridal Updos: Hairstyles designed for brides or special occasions often involve intricate updos,
braids, or styling. Prices for bridal hairstyles can vary widely but may start at around 100,000
Leones or more.

Color and Highlights: Adding color or highlights to the hair, especially using high-quality dyes
and techniques, can increase the cost of a hairstyle. Prices may start at 50,000 SLL and go up
from there.

Extensions and Wigs: Customized wigs or extensions made from premium hair materials can be
relatively expensive, with costs ranging from 100,000 Leones to several hundred thousand
Leones.

Trendy and Complex Braiding Styles: Unique or trendy braiding styles that require intricate
designs and a significant amount of time and skill can also be on the expensive side, with prices
varying but often starting at 50,000 Leones or more.

Hair Treatments: Some specialized hair treatments, like keratin treatments or hair straightening,
can be relatively expensive, starting at around 50,000 SLL or more.

SECTION D: Youth evaluation of hair fashion

The names of hair styles women don't like

33
During my research findings, in the Waterloo community 50% of women don't like certain
hairstyles due to the nature of the hair, the coloure, customs and traditions, religious believes and
societal discrimination. How ever below are some of the hair styles women don't like even if it is
given to them for free

Bowl Cut: A short, rounded hairstyle that can be seen as outdated.

Mullet: A style with short hair in the front and longer hair in the back, often considered
unfashionable.

Rat-Tail: A thin, long strand of hair extending from the back, which has fallen out of favor.

Extreme Pixie Cut: An extremely short haircut that may not suit everyone's face shape.

Cornrows: Some women dislike the tight braiding technique and its potential to damage hair

Mullets: This style, with short hair in front and long in the back, has been polarizing.

Perms Gone Wrong: Overly tight or frizzy perms can be less popular.

Excessive Teasing: Extremely teased or "big" hair may not be to everyone's taste.

Shaved Head with Bangs: This style can be unconventional and not widely embraced.

Hairstyles that women would like if they have the resources

In the Waterloo community must women are enable to get hairstyles that they want due to lack
of resources. During my findings 70 % of women gave hairstyles that they would like if they get
the resources. These hairstyles are highlighted below:

Custom Hair Extensions: High-quality, customizable hair extensions to add length and volume.

Luxurious Hair Treatments: Regular visits to upscale salons for advanced hair treatments, like
keratin smoothing or rejuvenating spa treatments.

Designer Haircuts: Getting haircuts from renowned stylists who can tailor the cut to suit their
face shape and lifestyle

34
Bespoke Hair Color: Customized hair coloring techniques, such as balayage or ombre, with high-
quality, long-lasting products.

Exotic Hair Textures: Experimenting with different hair textures, from silky straight to natural
curls, with the help of professional styling.

Intricate Braids and Updos: Elaborate and intricate braided hairstyles or updos for special
occasions or daily wear.

Wigs and Hairpieces: Investing in top-quality wigs and hairpieces for versatility and changeable
styles.

High-End Accessories: Using luxurious hair accessories, such as diamond-encrusted hairpins or

bespoke hairbands.

Personalized Styling and Maintenance: Employing personal hairstylists and assistants for daily
haircare and styling needs.

Celebrity-Inspired Looks: Recreating iconic looks from celebrities known for their hair, like
glamorous Hollywood waves or chic bob cuts.

Hair styles that women don't like even if it is given to them for free

In the Waterloo community there are certain hairstyles that women don't like even if it is given to
them for free this due to it styles, shape, textures and colours there are the several types of
hairstyles that women don't like:

Extreme Bowl Cuts: Very short, blunt-cut styles that resemble a bowl shape.

Mullet: A hairstyle with short hair at the front and longer hair at the back.

Rat-Tail: A thin, long strand of hair at the nape of the neck.

Excessive Perm: Extremely tight or frizzy perms that can be seen as outdated.

Shaved Head with Designs: Elaborate shaved patterns or designs on the scalp, which may not
appeal to everyone.

35
Overly Spiky Hair: Hair styled into very sharp, stiff spikes, which can look dated or extreme.

Super Long Extensions: Extremely long hair extensions that may be challenging to manage.

Gel-Heavy Hairstyles: Styles with excessive amounts of hair gel or styling products, giving a wet
or crunchy appearance

Overly Teased or "Big" Hair: Hair that's teased to create extreme volume, which can be seen as
outdated or impractical for everyday wear.

Unnatural Hair Colors: Extremely bright or unconventional hair colors, like neon green or
electric blue, which some may find too bold.

SECTION E: Challenges that youth face

Means of getting accessories for hair styles in the Waterloo community

Women in the Waterloo community can obtain accessories for their hairstyles from a variety of
sources, both online and in physical stores. Here's how and where women in the Waterloo
community get hair accessories from:

Beauty Supply Stores: Physical beauty supply stores often carry a wide range of hair accessories,
including clips, headbands, and hairpins. These stores are commonly found in shopping malls or
standalone locations. 10% of Women in the waterloo community use this means to get their hair
accessories

Salons and Hair Boutiques: Many salons and hair boutiques sell hair accessories alongside their
styling services. These accessories may be curated to match current hair trends. Salon is the most
common place where women get their hairstyles done in the Waterloo community. During the
preparation of getting their hairstyles done the eventually buy hair accessories from there

Online Retailers: There are numerous online retailers specializing in hair accessories. Websites
like Amazon, Etsy, Alibaba and specialty accessory shops offer a vast selection of hairpins,
headbands, hair ties, and more. Since online shopping is the new market trends. Most youth in
the Waterloo community use this means to get their hair accessories

36
Local Artisan Markets: in the Waterloo community 20% of women get hair accessories from
local artisans. These are mainly hand made accessories that are made with hand by using beads
and threads. Many local artisan markets and craft fairs feature handmade hair accessories created
by local artists. These can be unique and one-of a kind.

Specialty Boutiques: Some boutiques specialize exclusively in hair accessories, offering a

curated selection of stylish and high-quality items. Most young youth get their hair accessories
from boutiques in waterloo community due to their high fashion sense

Social Media and Influencers: During my research findings many hair accessory brands and
creators advertise their products on social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook Women in
the Waterloo community discover new styles and purchase directly from these accounts
challenges women face in getting hairstyles the Waterloo community

During my findings women who live in the Waterloo community face a lot of diffulties in getting
there hairstyles and hair accessories and 60% of these women face difficulty of getting hairstyle
hair accessories and they can vary widely depends on several factors. These difficulties are:

Hair Type: 10% of women in the waterloo community gave this as one of the difficulties that
they face in getting their hairstyles. The natural texture, length, and thickness of a woman's hair
can significantly affect the ease of achieving certain styles. For example, some styles may be
more challenging to achieve with very fine or very curly hair.

Skill Level: Some women have the skills and experience to create a wide range of hairstyles
themselves, while others may rely on hairstylists for more complex or elaborate looks.

Styling Tools: The availability of styling tools and products can make a big difference. Owning
quality hair straighteners, curling irons, hairdryers, and hair products can simplify the process.

Hair Length: The length of a woman's hair can limit or expand the range of available hairstyles.
Longer hair typically allows for more versatility in styling.

Hair Health: The condition of the hair, including issues like damage or split ends, can impact the
ease of styling. Healthy hair is generally more manageable.

37
Budget: Access to professional hairstylists, quality hair products, and salon services can be
influenced by one's budget. Some women may have more resources to invest in their hair.

Time and Patience: Some hairstyles require more time and patience to create, while others are
quick and simple. The amount of time a woman is willing to dedicate to her hair can affect the
choices she makes.

Knowledge and Resources: Knowledge of hairstyling techniques and access to tutorials or

guidance can also play a role in how easy it is for women to achieve certain hairstyles

Techniques that women use to overcome these challenges

Women in the Waterloo community in Sierra Leone may face various challenges when it comes
to getting their hairstyles done. Here are some ways they can overcome these difficulties:

Community Support and Knowledge Sharing: Women can rely on the knowledge and skills
within their community. They can share hairstyling tips and techniques with each other, creating
a network of support.

Local Hair Braiders and Stylists: Waterloo may have local hair braiders and stylists who offer
affordable services. Women can seek out these professionals for their hairstyling needs.

DIY Hairstyling: Learning to style their hair at home can be empowering and cost-effective.
Women can experiment with different styles and practice basic techniques to achieve the looks
they desire.

Natural Hair Care: Embracing and caring for natural hair textures can be a practical choice.
Learning about natural hair care routines and protective styles can reduce the need for frequent
salon visits.

Use of Local Hair Products: Utilizing locally available hair products and ingredients can be cost-
effective. Women can explore natural remedies and traditional products for hair care.

Community Workshops and Training: Local organizations or NGOs may organize workshops or
training sessions on hairstyling and beauty care. Women can participate to improve their skills.

38
Savings and Group Efforts: Women can form savings or lending groups within the community to
pool resources for salon visits or purchasing hair products and tools.

Entrepreneurship: Some women may consider starting small hairstyling businesses within the
community, offering services to neighbors and friends. This can generate income and provide
access to styling services.

Mobile Salons: In some areas, mobile salons or hairdressers may provide services door-to-door,
making it more convenient for women to get their hair done.

Government Initiatives: Women can explore government programs and initiatives that support
skill development and entrepreneurship. These programs may offer training and resources.

Access to Online Tutorials: If internet access is available, women can access online tutorials and
resources to learn new hairstyling techniques and stay updated with trends

Where women get products for their hairstyles

In the Waterloo community in Sierra Leone, women may acquire products for their hairstyles
through various local channels, given the unique context of the community. Here are ways
women in Waterloo may obtain hair care and styling products:

Local Markets: Women can purchase basic hair care products like shampoos, conditioners, and
hair oils from local markets and small shops within the community.

Community Trading: Some women may engage in trading or bartering with neighbors or friends,
exchanging products or ingredients for hair care.

Traditional Remedies: Waterloo may have traditional remedies or natural ingredients that women
use for hair care, such as shea butter, coconut oil, or aloe vera.

Community Gatherings: During community gatherings or festivals, there may be vendors selling
hair accessories, beads, and locally crafted hairpins.

Community Workshops: Local organizations or NGOs may conduct workshops on natural hair
care, where women can learn about and access affordable products and methods.

39
Shared Resources: Women in the community may share hair care products and tools, fostering a
sense of cooperation and support.

Home-Made Products: Some women may create their own hair care products using locally
available natural ingredients and traditional recipes.

NGO Initiatives: Non-governmental organizations operating in Sierra Leone may distribute

hygiene and personal care supplies, including hair care products, to local communities.

Community Savings Groups: Joining community savings groups can help women pool resources
to purchase hair care products collectively.

Local Artisans: Artisans within the community may craft handmade hair accessories and sell
them at local markets.

Traditional Hairstylists: Women seeking traditional hairstyles may consult local hairstylists who
use traditional methods and products.

Local Herbalists: Some herbalists in the community may offer natural hair care remedies or
products based on traditional knowledge.

Given the resource constraints in some communities, women in Waterloo often rely on locally
available and affordable solutions for their hair care needs. Community support, traditional
practices, and local resources play a crucial role in addressing these needs.

Ways to overcome these challenges

In the Waterloo community in Sierra Leone, women may face various challenges when it comes
to getting their hairstyles done due to resource constraints and limited access to professional
salons. To overcome these difficulties, women in the community can employ several strategies:

Traditional Hairstyling: Many women in Sierra Leone have knowledge of traditional hairstyling
techniques passed down through generations. They can continue to use these techniques for
everyday hairstyles.

40
Community Support: Women can rely on the support of friends and family members to help with
hairstyling, such as braiding, weaving, or styling.

DIY Hairstyling: Learning to do simple hairstyles themselves can save time and money. Women
can watch online tutorials or learn from more experienced community members.

Local Hairstylists: Seek out local hairstylists or braiders within the community who offer
affordable services tailored to the community's budget.

Natural Hair Care: Embracing and caring for natural hair textures can be an affordable and
empowering choice. This may include protective styles like braids or twists.

Access to Hair Accessories: Women can utilize locally available and affordable hair accessories
like beads, ribbons, or locally crafted hairpins to enhance their hairstyles.

Community Savings Groups: Join or create community savings and lending groups to pool
resources for special occasions or salon visits.

Traditional or Cultural Events: Take advantage of community or cultural events as opportunities

to get unique and special hairstyles done by local artisans.

Government Initiatives: Explore government programs that support skills development and
entrepreneurship, as these may provide training and resources for hairstyling.

NGO Support: Non-governmental organizations operating in Sierra Leone may offer support in
the form of workshops, training, or resources related to hair care and styling.

Entrepreneurship: Some women may choose to start small hairstyling businesses within the
community, providing services to neighbors and generating income.

41
Skill Exchange: Collaborate with friends or family members who have different hairstyling
skills, allowing women to help each other with various styles

Criticism that women face for their hairstyles

In the Waterloo community women face various forms of criticism or societal expectations
related to their hairstyles. These criticisms can come from cultural, social, or personal
perspectives. Some common criticisms women in waterloo community ncounter for their
hairstyles include:

Conformity Expectations: Some individuals within the community may expect women to
conform to traditional or culturally accepted hairstyles. Deviating from these norms can lead to
criticism or judgment.

Conservatism: Traditional or older community members may view certain modern or trendy
hairstyles as unconventional or inappropriate, leading to criticism.

Modesty and Respect: There can be expectations for women to wear modest and respectful
hairstyles, particularly in more conservative areas of the community.

Workplace Expectations: In some cases, women may face criticism for certain hairstyles that are
perceived as unprofessional or unsuitable for the workplace.

Age-Related Criticism: Younger women may face criticism for choosing hairstyles that are seen
as too mature, while older women may be criticized for attempting youthful or trendy looks.

Religious Beliefs: Hairstyles that are perceived as contradictory to religious beliefs or practices
may lead to criticism from religious communities within the Waterloo community.

Community Standards: Criticism can arise when women's hairstyles are seen as deviating from
community standards or expectations, especially in tight-knit communities.

Peer Pressure: Peer groups may exert pressure on women to conform to specific hairstyle trends
or ideals, and deviation can result in criticism.

42
Gender Roles: In some cases, traditional gender roles and expectations can influence criticism
related to women's hairstyles, such as the perception that certain styles are not "feminine"
enough.

Cultural Change: As communities evolve and become exposed to global influences, changes in
hairstyle preferences can lead to generational or cultural clashes and criticism.

People who levy criticisms on women for their choice of their hairstyles

Parents :

Parents may levy criticism on youth who use hair fashion to express themselves for a variety of
reasons. It's essential to recognize that not all parents will react in the same way, and their
responses can vary based on their personal beliefs, values, and concerns. Here are some common
ways parents might express criticism:

Traditional Values: Some parents may adhere to traditional cultural or societal values that
prioritize a conservative appearance. They might criticize their child's unconventional hairstyle
as a departure from these values.

Concern for Reputation: Parents may worry that an unconventional hairstyle could negatively
impact their child's reputation or future opportunities. They might fear that others will judge their
child based on their appearance.

Miscommunication: Sometimes, criticism can stem from a lack of understanding or

miscommunication. Parents might not fully grasp the reasons behind their child's choice of
hairstyle, leading to criticism out of confusion or concern.

Safety Concerns: In some cases, parents may be concerned about the safety of certain hairstyles,
particularly if they involve extreme measures like chemical treatments, piercings, or extreme hair
colors. Safety concerns can lead to criticism and restrictions.

Generational Gap: There can be a generational gap in understanding and accepting diverse forms
of self-expression through fashion. Parents who grew up with different cultural or societal norms
may have difficulty relating to their child's choices.

43
Religious or Cultural Beliefs: Parents may have strong religious or cultural beliefs that dictate
specific grooming and appearance standards. Deviating from these standards can lead to
criticism.

Fear for the Child's Future: Parents often want the best for their children and may worry that
unconventional hairstyles could limit their child's opportunities or make them a target for
discrimination or bullying.

Peer Influence: Parents might perceive their child's hairstyle choice as influenced by peers or
popular culture rather than genuine self-expression. This can lead to criticism if parents believe
their child is following trends blindly.

Communication Gap: Lack of open communication between parents and children can contribute
to misunderstandings and criticism. Parents and youth may have different perspectives, and
failure to discuss their choices can lead to criticism instead of understanding.

Elders and Traditionalists: Older generations who adhere to more conservative or traditional
values may not understand or appreciate unconventional hair styles as a form of self-expression.

Religious Leaders: Some religious leaders might discourage certain hair fashions if they consider
them contrary to religious teachings or modesty standards.

Community Leaders: Leaders within the community might voice concerns if they believe that
certain hair fashions negatively impact the community's image or values

METHODOLOGY

1. Research Design:

Type of Research: More of qualitative research and some quantitative research

Approach: Ethnographic Research

2. Sampling:

Target Population: Youth (age 18-35) in the Waterloo Community, Sierra Leone.

Sampling Technique stratified Sampling

44
Sample Size: Approximately 25 participants

3. Data Collection:

Methods:

In-depth Interviews: Conducting one-on-one interviews with participants to understand their

motivations, perceptions, and experiences related to hair fashion.

Participant Observation: Immersing in the community to observe and document hair fashion
trends and practices.

Focus Group Discussions: Organizing group discussions to encourage participants to share and
discuss their views on hair fashion.

Data Collection Tools: Interview guides, observation notes, audio/video recording equipment,
and consent forms.

4. Data Analysis:

Transcription: Transcribing interviews and focus group discussions.

Coding: Coding the data using thematic analysis to identify recurring themes related to youth
expression through hair fashion.

Data Visualization: Creating charts or graphs to represent findings.

5. Ethical Considerations:

Informed Consent: Obtaining informed consent from all participants.

Anonymity: Ensuring participants' identities are protected.

Respect for Culture: Being culturally sensitive and respecting local customs.

6. Timeframe:

Estimate the time required for data collection, analysis, and reporting.

7. Limitations:
45
Acknowledge potential limitations such as sample bias or cultural factors.

8. Reporting:

Present findings in a research report including an introduction, literature review, methodology,

results, discussion, and conclusion.

9. Budget:

Estimate the budget required for research activities, including travel, materials, and participant
incentives.

10. Review and Approval:

Seek ethical approval from relevant authorities if necessary.

Remember, this is a general framework, and you may need to adapt it to the specific context of
your research. Additionally, ensure that you adhere to ethical standards and local regulations
throughout the research process.

CHAPTER FOUR

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the research conducted on youth expression through hair fashion in the Waterloo
community of Sierra Leone has revealed significant insights into the cultural, social, and
personal dimensions of this phenomenon. Through extensive interviews, observations, and
surveys, it has become evident that hair fashion serves as a powerful medium for young
individuals in the community to assert their identity, communicate their beliefs, and navigate
their social environment.

The findings indicate that hair fashion in Waterloo is deeply intertwined with cultural traditions
and societal expectations. Young people use their hairstyles as a means of preserving and
celebrating their heritage while also challenging norms and expressing their unique personalities.
Additionally, the study highlights the economic aspect, with the hair industry providing
livelihoods for many youth.

46
Moreover, the research underscores the role of globalization and media influence in shaping
contemporary hair fashion choices. Access to information and trends from around the world has
enabled young individuals in the Waterloo community to experiment with diverse hairstyles,
fusing global styles with local cultural elements.

While youth expression through hair fashion can be empowering and liberating, it also faces
challenges such as social stigma and discrimination. Participants reported instances of negative
perceptions and judgments based on their hairstyles. This highlights the need for greater
awareness and acceptance of diverse forms of self-expression.

In conclusion, the study illuminates the multifaceted nature of youth expression through hair
fashion in the Waterloo community, Sierra Leone. It serves as a reminder of the importance of
cultural heritage, individual agency, and the evolving dynamics of fashion and identity. Further
research in this area can contribute to a deeper understanding of how young people use style to
navigate complex socio-cultural landscapes and inspire positive changes in perceptions and
attitudes.

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to my research study I am Susan Yaenie Seibure I invite you to take part in an exciting
research study focused on exploring the dynamics of youth expression through hair fashion
within the Waterloo community. Your valuable insights will contribute to a deeper
understanding of how individuals use hair as a means of self-expression, cultural identity, and
personal style. This research aims to shed light on the diverse ways in which youth in our
community are using hair fashion as a form of creative expression.

Hair fashion has long been a medium through which people communicate their individuality,
beliefs, and affiliations. The Waterloo community is known for its rich cultural diversity, and we
believe that this diversity is reflected in the various ways youth choose to style their hair. By
participating in this study, you have the opportunity to share your experiences, preferences, and
perspectives on how hair fashion plays a role in your life.

The insights gained from this study could potentially influence our understanding of how hair
fashion trends evolve the significance of cultural heritage in styling choices, and the impact of
47
societal perceptions on personal grooming choices. Your contribution will provide researchers,
community leaders, and individuals alike with a deeper appreciation for the intricate relationship
between youth expression and hair fashion.

This questionnaire is designed to gather your thoughts, experiences, and opinions on this topic.
Your responses will be treated confidentially and used solely for the purpose of research. Please
be assured that your participation is voluntary, and you have the right to withdraw at any point
without providing a reason.

Thank you for considering taking part in this study. Your unique perspective is invaluable to our
research, and we look forward to learning from your insights.

SECTION A

DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS

1. What is your Age?: ...........................................

2. What is your gender?

Male

Female

3. Ethnicity: ………………………………………

4. What is your religion?

Islam

Christianity

Other

48
4. Educational status

................................................................................................

SECTION B: Youth label of hair fashion

5. Do you know about women hairstyles?

Yes

No

6. If yes what are their names?

...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

7. Can you please describe them?

................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

Section C: organization of you selves in relation to hair fashion

8. Where do women do their hair styles?

Home

Salon

Both

49
9. Who does the hair styles of women?

...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

10. Which are the hair styles that women pay for?

...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

11. What is the cheapest cost of hair styles that you pay for?

...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

12. What is the most expensive hair style that you pay for?

...............................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................

SECTION D: Youth evaluation hair fashion

13. What words do you use to call the hair styles?

.................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

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14. What is the meaning of those words?

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

15. What are the names of the ones you don't like?

................................................................................................

...............................................................................................

................................................................................................

16. If you have the resources which one will you like ?

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

17. Which hair styles you don't like even if it given to you for free?

................................................................................................

...............................................................................................

SECTION E: Challenges that youth face

18. How do you get accessories for your hair styles?

................................................................................................

................................................................................................

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19. Do they have any difficulty in getting these hair styles?

Yes

No

20. If yes can you please list down these difficulties

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................

21. How do they overcome these difficulties?

………………………………………………………………………………………………............
............................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................

22. How do you get products for their hair styles?

………………………………………………………………………………………………............
...........................................................................................................................................................

23. Do you have difficulties in getting these products?

Yes

No

24. How do you overcome these challenges?

............................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

52
25. Do they face resistance for their styles?

Yes

No

26. If so what are the styles that you for face criticism for

............................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................

27. What are these criticisms?

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................

28. Who are the people who mostly levy these criticism against you?

Parents

Teachers

Religious people

Elders

SECTION F: Additional Comments

Thank you for participating in this research study! Your responses are greatly appreciated and
will contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between youth expression and hair
fashion in the Waterloo community

Appropriation highlights the complex intersections of hair, race, and identity. These
conversations challenge established norms and push for greater acceptance of diverse hair
textures and styles.
53
In recent years, more individuals have embraced inclusive and accepting attitudes towards hair
expression, allowing people to freely express themselves regardless of gender, age, or cultural
background. This evolving landscape demonstrates how hair is more than just a physical feature
– it's a powerful means of communication and connection within youth culture and beyon

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