JKR SARAWAK COMPETENCY ENHANCEMENT MODULE FOR

SUPPORTING GROUP 1:

INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION

MODELLING (BIM) FOR INFRASTRUCTURE
BY:
AISHAH NUR DYANA BINTI JOHARI
AZFARPUTERA BIN PADIL

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon completion of this program, you will be able to:-

Differentiate the
maturity levels and
Define the BIM dimensions Differentiate between
Terminology BIM and BIM
(Infrastructure)

Understand the BIM Understand the

fundamentals benefits and
challenges in BIM
 MISCONCEPTIONS OF BIM
A file format: having a file produced by using BIM tools / software such as Revit,
Civil3D and Navisworks does not mean we are doing BIM.

A Computer Aided Design & Drafting (CADD) Tool: We may produce geometric
representation of assets through CAD but that is not fully sufficient.

A Software Application: BIM is not a software or a modelling tool, it is a work

process.

Just a 3D model: BIM is not just a 3D model.

Building in BIM is a verb where it is best described as generating or creating.

 WHAT IS BIM ?
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process of creating and managing an informative 3D
model throughout the lifecycle of a project. This digital model is used by various parties for specific
purposes to enhance the level of effectiveness throughout its whole life cycle.

DIGITAL MODEL

FINAL PRODUCT

** Building in BIM is a verb

TOTAL ASSET MANAGEMENT where it is best described as
INFORMATIVE DATA generating or creating.
 WHAT IS BIM FOR INFRASTRUCTURE ?
BIM for Infrastructure is the integration of Building Information Modelling and Geographical
Information System (GIS). Geographical Information System (GIS) is a system that creates, manage,
analyze and maps all types of data.

GIS BIM BIM FOR INFRASTRUCTURE

The objective of BIM for Infrastructure is to increase the level of efficiency and effectiveness of a project and facility
management digitally through the usage of digital models in infrastructure (e.g. road, drainage, culvert and bridge)
 Modelling of original site
Preparation of designs
conditions

Functions of BIM
Site analysis Coordination in 3D

Design reviews Sustainability assessment

Cost estimation Model record

 BIM PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN (BPEP)

BPEP is a framework for the implementation of BIM in a project that is used as a guide
for all parties involved using and utilizing BIM technology optimally.

BPEP combines a number of elements, including procurement, construction processes,

health and safety plans, communication protocols and stakeholder involvement
tactics.

Developing a comprehensive BIM Project Execution Plan (BPEP) outlines the project
BIM goals, standards, responsibilities and processes to ensure that everyone is aligned
and informed.
BIM PROJECT EXECUTION PLAN (BPEP)
CONTENT *not limited to the followings
PROJECT INFRASTRUCTURE
QUALITY CONTROL
INFORMATION REQUIREMENT

COORDINATION
TEAM MEMBERS MANAGEMENT AND MODEL STRUCTURE
COLLABORATION

PROJECT INFORMATION
BIM OBJECT
OBJECTIVES, USES SHARING AND
REQUIREMENT
AND DELIVERABLES DELIVERABLES

ORGANISATION PLANNING
WORKFLOW
CHART SCHEDULE
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT (LOD)

CONCEPTUAL
Level of Development (LOD) is a DESIGN
reference that enables practitioners in
the industry to specify and articulate PRELIMINARY
clearly the content and reliability of the DESIGN
model throughout different phases of
the design and construction process. The DETAILED
DESIGN
LOD scale includes element’s geometry
(Level of Detail – LOd) and attached
information (Level of Information – LOi) CONSTRUCTION

Level of Development (LOD) consists of

five (5) levels, they are…
AS-BUILT

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS
CLIENT/IMPLEMENTING DESIGN
CONTRACTOR CLIENT
AGENCY TEAM/CONSULTANT

CONSTRUCTION PHASE
DESIGN PHASE •4D SIMULATION OF
PLANNING PHASE
•PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONSTRUCTION (LOD400) FACILITY ASSET
•CONCEPTUAL DESIGN (LOD200) MANAGEMENT
•MODEL UPDATE
(LOD100)
•DETAIL DESIGN (LOD300) (INFORMATION)
•AS-BUILT MODEL (LOD500)

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 100 – CONCEPTUAL DESIGN)

LOD 100
LOD 100 (Conceptual design):-
• establishing the proposed
alignment, including site location
and project scope for approval by
stakeholders.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 200 – PRELIMINARY DESIGN )

LOD 200

LOD 200 (Preliminary Design):

• 3D models are used to detect any
conflicts in the design
developments.
• Designing initial strategies to
address issues, including design
parameters (highest flood level,
catchment analysis, bridge design,
intersection design), land
acquisition, utility relocation, and
survey drawings. ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH
JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 300 – DETAILED DESIGN)

LOD 300

LOD 300 (Detailed Design):

• Detailed design in project Right of Way (R.O.W)
• Assess design conflicts through Design Review and Clash Analysis.
• Final report will be used to solve any initial design conflicts.
• Design model consists of all design parameters and construction drawing
will be generated from the approved LOD 300 model.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 400 – CONSTRUCTION : UPDATE MODEL & 4D SIMULATION )

LOD 400

a) MODEL UPDATING b) 4D SIMULATION

• Design model will be updated when • Design model will be combined with the
“*Shop Model” for any components are Project Work Programme.
available. *Shop Model is a detailed • Actual site condition and construction
model focusing on individual planning for the project can be shown
components or systems such as culvert, through 4D Simulation.
bridge and road furniture. • Project site officer can track the project
• Any changes to the design need to be progress and align it with the Work
updated continuously throughout the Programme in 3D.
project. ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH
JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 500 – AS-BUILT)

LOD 500
• Model needs to encompass all of the as-built structure and component
details.
• Asset naming and registration must be according to asset manual by
state or federal government.
• Model will be used for facility management.
• All deliverables includes the model, all related documents and copies of
as-built drawings (certified by licensed professionals).

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 500 – AS-BUILT)

Projek Membina Flyover dari Arah Kota Bharu Merentangi Bulatan Wakaf Bharu ke Pengkalan Kubor, Kelantan
JKR Malaysia
 LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT FOR BIM INFRA
(LOD 500 – AS-BUILT)

Projek Membina Flyover dari Arah Kota Bharu Merentangi Bulatan Wakaf Bharu ke Pengkalan Kubor, Kelantan ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH
JKR Malaysia
JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 Level Of details (LOd)
CONCEPT SCHEMATIC DESIGN DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AS – BUILT
 BIM MATURITY LEVEL
BIM is divided into 4 levels in which each level represents the BIM
Maturity. The amount of data generated increases with each level.

LEVEL 0 LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3

LOW PARTIAL FULL FULL
COLLABORATION COLLABORATION COLLABORATION INTEGRATION
• 2D Drawings using • Combination of 2D CAD • 3D models with project • Full lifecycle integration
Computer Aided Design Drawings and 3D data are shared using a considering
(CAD) Tools Modelling common file type (like Maintenance and
• Files are being shared • Project teams are using IFC). Operations (M&O).
digitally as separated Common Data • 3D design integration • Along with 4D & 5D, a
sources of information. Environment (CDE) to with time management new dimension is
collect, manage and (4D) and cost available which is 6D
share all project data. management (5D). (focused on asset
management.

CAD 2D/3D 4D/5D 6D

 BIM DIMENSIONS
• Building Information Modelling (BIM) dimensions refer to layers of information and data entered to
a 3D model using BIM software, includes 3D model data, time data, costs and sustainability.
• These dimensions enhance the data associated with a model to share a better level of understanding
of a construction project.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
BIM DIMENSIONS
The 3D model help stakeholders
to visualize the structure in 3
dimensions even before the
project is started. 3D BIM
enables all stakeholders to
collaborate effectively for
modelling and solving typical
structural problems. By having
all project data centralized in a
BIM model, it is easier to
resolve any issues at earlier
stages.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
BIM DIMENSIONS 4D is related to planning the
construction site by adding a
new element : time. Scheduling
data helps in outlining how much
time will be involved in the
completion of the project and
how will the project evolve over
time. The information can
provide elaboration about the
time taken for installation or
construction, the time needed to
make the project operational,
the sequence of installation of
various components along with
other scheduling information.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
BIM DIMENSIONS 5D is useful in cases where budget
analysis and cost estimation are
required from beginning of the
project. 5D BIM enables project
promoter and owners to analyse
the costs that will be involved over
time in the project activities. This
dimension helps in accurate
prediction of the budgetary
requirements along with the
changes in scope, material,
manpower or equipment
requirements. With 5D BIM, one
can easily extract the costs
associated with a scenario and can
also factor in changes along the
way.

ROAD AND CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN BRANCH

JABATAN KERJA RAYA SARAWAK
 6D BIM introduces sustainability and
BIM DIMENSIONS environmental considerations into
the BIM model. It focuses mainly on
the long-term impact of the project
including energy consumption and
ongoing maintenance requirements.
This technology takes the industry a
step beyond the conventional
approach that focuses only on the
project initial costs. 6D BIM helps
stakeholders make informed
decisions on the project’s
environmental impact and long-term
operational efficiency. It is especially
valuable for owners and facility
managers who need to consider the
sustainability and life-cycle costs of a
building or infrastructure.
BIM DIMENSIONS
7D BIM is all about operations
and facility management by
managers and owners. 7D BIM is
a unique approach where
everything related to facility
management process is collated
at a single place within the
building information model. The
dimension is used to track
important asset data such as its
status, maintenance/operation
manuals, warranty information,
technical specifications, etc. to
be used at a future stage.
COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT (CDE)
❑ Common Data Environment (CDE) acts as a central repository where
construction project information is housed and as a platform of
collaboration between the team/main stakeholders to coordinate the
design/implementation of the project in one platform.
❑ Contents of the CDE are not limited to assets created in a ‘BIM
environment’. The CDE includes documentation, graphical modelling and
non-graphical assets.
❑ An End-to-end solution for project documentation and management which
acts as a single platform, ready to incorporate BIM and Project
Management System.
COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT (CDE)
COMMON DATA ENVIRONMENT (CDE)
EXAMPLES
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS

• Licensed Software
• Collaboration & Communication
• Hardware and Infrastructure
• Roles & Responsibilities
• Data format & Structures
• Skills, Knowledge & Experience
PEOPLE TECHNOLOGY • Data Security & Internet
• Changing Culture
• Interoperability
4 Significant Factors Contributing to
BIM Implementation
• Design Creation & Coordination • Standards & Project Guidelines
• Cost Estimation & Quantity Take PROCESS POLICY • Legal & Contract
Off • Data Management & Ownership
• Schedule and Progress Monitoring • Procurement, BIM Protocols &
• Operation & Maintenance Delivery Plans
BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
PEOPLE

• Collaboration & Communication:

• Interdisciplinary collaboration and effective communication among architects,
engineers, contractors and other stakeholders is essential for successful BIM
implementation.

• Roles & Responsibilities:

• Each BIM Modeler, BIM Coordinator plays a significant role in BIM adoption to
the organization

• Skills, Knowledge & Experience:

• A team with necessary BIM skills and expertise is crucial. Training and
professional development programs are required to ensure team members are
proficient in using BIM tools and workflows.

• Changed Culture & Management:

• Cultural and organizational changes associated with BIM adoption helps
minimize resistance and foster a positive attitude towards new workflows.
BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
PEOPLE
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
TECHNOLOGY
COMMONLY USED
BIM MODELLING TOOLS
• Licensed Software:
• Selecting appropriate BIM software and technology that align with project
needs is vital. These tools enable the creation, visualization, analysis and sharing
of digital models and data.
• Hardware & Infrastructure:
• Providing the necessary hardware and IT infrastructure to support the demands
of BIM software and data management is essential for smooth implementation.
• Data Format & Structure:
• The most common non-restricted software for BIM is the Industry Foundation
Classes (IFC) which is an open and neutral data file format.
• Data Security & Internet:
• Safeguarding digital information throughout its entire life cycle to protect it
from corruption, theft or unauthorized access.
• Interoperability & Compatibility:
• Ensuring that different software platforms used by various project stakeholders
can exchange information seamlessly is crucial for effective collaboration and
data integration.
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
PROCESS
• BIM Project Workflows:
• Developing standardized processes and workflows for BIM activities helps maintain consistency and clarity
throughout the project lifecycle.
• A BIM Workflow is a process that uses BIM to optimize the design, construction and operation of projects.
The workflow combines software and tools to create a unified model for teams to collaborate in all stages of
a project.
• Design Creation & Coordination:
• Incorporating clash detection processes helps identify and resolve conflicts among different building systems
during the design phase, reducing errors and rework during construction.
• BIM Quantification:
• Cost estimation and Quantity Take Off can be done using BIM quantity take off software. The quantitative
information from the BIM model can be extracted, sorted and calculated according to the
building/infrastructure material.
• Schedule/Progress Monitoring:
• Create a dynamic simulation of the construction process to improve communication, coordination and
planning.
• Operational & Maintenance:
• BIM has the potential to advance and transform facilities Operation and Maintenance (O&M) by providing a
platform for facility managers to retrieve, analyze and process building information in a digitalized 3D
environment.
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
POLICY

• BIM Standards & Guidelines:

• BIM Standards are procedures and guidelines recognized by several
official bodies at international level, to better manage all operations
planned throughout the entire life cycle of work.
• Data Management & Ownership:
• Clearly defining data ownership, usage rights and responsibilities in
contracts and agreements help prevent disputes and ensures data
integrity.
• BIM Protocols:
• A standardized supplementary legal agreement used widely and mostly
at BIM Level 2 to amend existing construction contracts. BIM Protocol
creates the requirements for suppliers to provide specified BIM at
defined levels of detail and incorporates provisions which support the
production of deliverables for ‘data props’ at defined project stages.
• Delivery Plans:
• Developing a comprehensive BIM Execution Plan (BEP) outlines the
project’s BIM goals, standards, responsibilities and processes, ensuring
that everyone is aligned and informed.
 BIM IMPLEMENTATION – THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS
POLICY JKR BIM STANDARDS & GUIDELINES (2021)
 BARRIERS TO BIM ADOPTION IN CONSTRUCTION
LIMITED BUDGETS
Adoption of BIM requires AVOIDING STANDARDS
high implementation fee
Some of project supervisors
and training costs, which
or owners fail to build and
also involves the cost of
enforce those standards
hiring specialists, providing
diligently, end up referring
training to the existing
to their own standards,
workforce and composing
creating difficulties and
an investment in new
errors.
technologies.

RESISTANCE IN INTEROPERABILITY LIMITED

CHANGING HABITS ISSUES RELEVANCY
Most of the people Most of the software Inability to generate value
associated with the programs develop initially to in the minds of *SMOs. 71%
construction industry have work as standalone of small firms think that
reached a specific age applications and they do not BIM is merely applicable, or
where they lack the share data with other relevant to the nature of
interest to adopt new applications. Different tools their regular workload.
techniques, even if they would typically have their SMOs believe their projects
seem encouraging. proprietary data structures, are not complex enough to
often do not present means need BIM.
of linking their database to a *SMO : Small and medium
standard. sized firms
*Source: National Institute of Building Technology Nashik Apr 27, 2018