ARTS

LESSON 1
ETHNIC TRADITION
Dance – depending on the area where ancestors thrive
Visual Arts – pottery, weaving etc were dominant in this era
Architecture – used local materials such as bamboo etc in constructing structures
Folk Literature – ancestor verbalized their experiences
Theater Arts – tribal presentations and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their
beliefs
Music – indigenous musical instruments

SPANISH TRADITION
Dance –religious dances
Visual Arts – painting and sculptures depicts religious subjects
Architecture – stones and bricks
Literature –religious and secular prose and poetry
Theater Arts – secular and religious plays like komedya
Music – piano and other western instruments

AMERICAN COLONIAL TRADITION

- bought many changes in the politics, economy, education and culture of the Philippines

CONTEMPORARY ART
- refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from the 1970’s up to the present

MODERN ART
- refers to the practice of art in 1860’s-1960’s

LESSON 2
Seven Major Art Forms:
1. Visual Arts
2. Literature
3. Music
4. Theater
5. Dance
6. Architecture
7. Film

VISUAL ARTS

A. The Triumvirate
- Juan Arellano
- Diosdado Lorenzo
- Victorio Edades

B. VICTORIO EDADES
- introduced modern visual art
- used dull and dark hues in his works
- laborers, workers, and lower sector of the society as his subjects.

C. THIRTEEN MODERNS

D.PROLETARIAN ART – refers to the literature created by artist which depicts the life after the war, social
issues, and economic problmes

E. MODERNISM
Art Association of the Philippines by Purita Kalaw-Ledesma
Philippine Art Gallery by Lydia Villanueva-Arguilla

F. There were stylistics arts (styles refers to the resemblance works of art have to one another) and
drawings and thematic artworks reflecting historical, social, economic, and political themes.

G. PARIS CUBISM
- a kind of cubism showing fragmented figures in larger planes, color harmonies, and texture.
- Vicente Manansala (The Bird Seller with Cubism Touch), Romeo Tabuena, and Cesar Legaspi were three
of the known cubists in their times.

H. ABSTRACTION
- Among the known abstractionist during those times were H.R Ocampo, Constantino Bernardo,
Frederico Aguilar Alcuaz, Arturo Luz and Jose Joya.

I. SCULPTURE
- Napoleon Abueva became famous for his modern works.
- he used plastic, jade, brass and other materials as his works.
- sculptors like Roman Orlina and Impy Pilapil explored the use of glass in making sculptures
- Surrealist in this time was Galo Ocampo and Jovenal Sanso

J. MAGIC REALISM
- refers to the style in a painting showing a minute details of the subjects and highlighting their texture
color. Bigas artwork By Nestor Leynes

K. GENRE PAINTING
- shows the lives of town folks, legends and traditions stayed in contemporary period
- cartoons, comics and photography became popular

LITERATURE
A. BAGAY POETRY
- kind of poetry that uses colloquial language and built on concrete images which tend to describe
experiences.
- Valediction sa Hillcrest written by Rolando Tinio, which employs taglish.

B. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
- introduced another form of poetry through his work “Ang Bayang Malaya”
- a long narrative piece about a peasant leader.
- oppression and fighting human rights are the main themes of the said piece.

C. SHORT STORY
- focused on the self-consciousness and self-expression of the writer.
- during the contemporary, short stories produced which use vernacular (spoken as one’s mother
tongue) language

MUSIC
- This kind of music continued to flourish until the 1950’s. It was in the 1960’s that avant-garde
(introducing experimental and unusual ideas) emerged.

A. PHILIPPINE MUSIC EVOLUTION

- pinoy pop to Filipino pop music.
- covers different forms like jazz, dance hits, folk song revival, rock n roll, rap etc.
- development of the Pinoy pop, Manila sound was born.

B. OPM (Original Pilipino Music)

- kind of music that purely Filipino

C. ALTERNATIVE MUSIC
- kind of music sprouted out of protest that later on included themes like societal themes.
- CCP (CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES)

THEATER
- American introduced Badabil or stage show
- through the western education, Shakespearean plays and other western plays
- theater started to experiment on traditional theater forms like the sarswela, komedya, and sinakulo
- directors who significantly contributed in the progress of the Philippine theater are the National Artist
Lamberto Avellana, Severino Montano, and Wilfredo Ma. Guerrero.

A.PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM – deals with the problems of individuals

ex. The drama paraisong by Orlando Nadres
B. SOCIAL REALISM – deals with the problem of individuals considering their society.
ex. The world is an apple by Alberto Florentino
C. REPRESENTATION STYLE – highlights discussion of social ideas
D.PRESENTATION STYLE – use different methods to summon ideas from the audience.
E. DOCUMENTARY STYLE – discussed historical events
F. DULA-DULAAN - short drama poem

DANCE
- during American period, vaudeville or badabil dancing became popular
- dances like buck and wing (use wooden shoes) , tap dancing, clog (barefoot) and skirt were dances
being performed in the show
- Remedios de Oteyza (mother of ballerine in Philippines) and Leonor Orosa.

A. MODERN DANCE – deals with a mixture of a wide range of dances

B.FOLK AND SOCIAL DANCES – followed the rise of modern age. Filipino adaptations of European and
American dances like the valse, rigaudon, polka, fandango, jota etc.

ARCHITECTURE
- the Philippine architecture adopted the modern western architectural style.
- Philippine architecture was characterized as simple, rational and functional
- Young Filipinos that brought changes in the Philippine architecture mare Juan Arellano, Carlos Barreto
and Antonio Toledo
- filipino introduced the neoclassical style
- Metropolitan Theater

A. TSALET
- type of house on slits with a front porch made of wood and concrete.

FILM
- film industry in the Philippines started in 1897
- Swiss entrepreneurs were the first to feature film shows in Manila.
- film became popular in 1912
- Jose Nopemuceno “Father of Philippine Movies”. His work is entitled “Dalagang Bukid”
- in 1942 movie production stopped and filipinos went back to watching and producing stage shows
- big four (LVN, Sampaguita, Lebran and Premiere0
- “alternative cinema or independent moies” movies through lightweight technologies

LESSON 4

LESSON 5

ORDER OF NATIONAL ARTIST

NCCA – National Commission for Culture and the Arts
CCP – Cultural Center of the Philippines, established the Order of National Artist Award or the Orden ng
Pambansang Alagad ng Sining on April 27, 1972, under the Proclamation no. 1001
Orden ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining – seeks to give honor to the Filipino individuals with outstanding
share in the cultural heritage
MUSIC

1. ANTONIO R. BUENAVENTURA
- marches and symphonic and orchestral music composition
- history of fantasy
- works: echoes of the past and triumphal march

2. JOSE MACEDA
- conducted researches and fieldworks on traditional music
- works: ugma-ugma and pagsamba

3. LUCRESIA R. KASILAG
- she reinforces the filipino’s appreciation to music by fusing western influences to Philippine ethnic
music
- works: legend of the sarimanok and Philippine scenes

4. LUCIO SAN PEDRO

- master composer
- known for using folk idioms in his musical compositions
- works: sa mahal kong bayan and eastern cantata

5. ANTONIO MOLINA
- use of folk music in his works
- using folk instruments like the kulintanga and gabbang
- composed 300 works
- works: hating gabi and sting quartet
- became as the last musical triumvirate along the two other musicians “Nicanor Abelardo” and
“Francisco Santiago”

6. LEVI CELERIO
- lyricist
- 4000 musical works
- works: ugoy ng duyan and ang pasko ay sumapit
- known for making music using a leaf

DANCE

1. FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO

- researched on the different folk dances of the Philippine which made her the “Folk Dance Pioneer”
- her researched entitled “Philippine Dances and Games”
- works: Fundamental dance steps and Gymnastic for girls
- Republic Award of Merit

2. ALICE REYES
- development of unique Filipino modern dance idiom
- combination of ethnic, modern and ballet
- works: amada and rama hari

3. LEONOR OROSA GOQUINGCO

- known as “trailblazer”
- modern of the Philippine theater dance and dean of filipino performing arts critics
- developing distinct productions using balletic folkloric and Asian styles
- works: Philippine life and legend and lore

4. LUCRESIA REYES-URTULA
- studied the country’s folk and ethnic dances
- dance director of Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company
- works: singkil and vinta

THEATER

1. DAISY AVELLANA
-first lady of the Philippine theater
- barangay theater guild
- utilize radio and television to make theater and television to make theater and dramatic arts
- established PATDAT (Philippine Association of Theater Designers and Technicians) in 1995 to promote
theater design

2. ROLANDO TINIO
- an outstanding stage director, poet, thespian and playwright
- works: now and forever and gamitin mo ako
- became the administrator of the Ateneo Experimental Theater

3. SALVADOR BERNAL
- theater designer who designed hundred of theater productions
- used local materials in producing creative and unique sets and costumes
- establish PATDAT

4. SEVERINO MONTANO
- titan of Philippine theater
- legitimate theater
- Arena theater in 1953

VISUAL ARTS

1. FERNANDO AMORSOLO
- Grand Old Man of the Philippine Art
- lighting is the most prominent element of his painting
- works: planting rice

2. CARLOS “BOTONG” FRANCISCO

- muralist
- painted the historical past of the Philippines
- works: blood compact

3. GUILLERMO TOLENTINO
- master sculptor who introduced classical sculpture in the country
- works: UP oblation

4. VICTORIO EDADES
- father of modern Philippine painting
- works: Japanese girl and mother and daughter

5. VICENTE MANANSALA
- cubist painter
- painted happy and bountiful rural to poverty-stricken urban set up
- works: market vendor and mother and child

LITERATURE

1. BIENVENIDO LUMBERA
- the introduction of Bagay Poetry
- works: likhang dila and likhang diwa

2. Nestor Vicente Madali Gonzales

- use of the English language in expressing and shaping the culture and sensibility of the Filipino people
in the country
- works: the winds of April and work on the mountain
- Doctor of Humane Letters

3. NICK JOAQUIN
- Filipino writer who used English as his medium of writing.
- literary pieces explored Spanish colonial past of the country and the social changes evident in the
Philippines.
- works: Dona Geronima and The Order of Melchizedek

4. AMADO V. HERNANDEZ
- believes that a writer should uplift the human spirit by being the voice of society in times of oppression
- works: Ang Bayang Malaya and Isang Dipang Langit

5. CARLOS P. ROMULO
- an editor, a reporter, and a publisher
- wrote a series of articles predicting World War II and won the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism in America
- works: The United
- became President of the United Nations.

6. ALEJANDRO ROCES
- staunch contributions to arts and country
- best comic short story writer and one of the few humorist in literature
- work: “We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers”
- He initiated the change of Philippine Independence Day from July 4 to June 12 as well as a change of
language from English to Tagalog in the country;s coins and bills, stamps and passports.

FILM AND BROADCAST ART

1. LAMBERTO V. AVELLANA
- He was the so-called “The Boy Wonder of the Philippine Cinema.”
- who first utilized the motion picture camera
- Sakay” was the first film he directed which won the Best Picture of 1939.
- works: badjao and anak dalita

2. LINO BROCKA
- used freedom of expression in his works.
- works: Perfect Mother and Tubog sa Ginto

3. ISHMAEL BERNAL
- “Genius of the Philippine Cinema.”
-HIs works were reflections of the existing realities of Philippine society and the struggle of the Filipino
people.
- works: Himala and Nunal sa Tubig

4. RONALD ALAN K. POE

- FPJ was also a writer, a director, and a prosecutor.

ARCHITECTURE

1. PABLO S. ANTONIO
- simple architectural design consisting of clean lines and functional curves.
- focus on the strength of the architecture.
- work: Far Eastern University Administration and Science Building

2. ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS
- famous landscape architect
- Introduced the outdoor shopping concept through his design of the Makati Commercial Center
- work: Tagatay Highland Resort
3. JOSE MARIA V. ZARAGOZA
- mixture of modern and traditional designs.
- Most of his works involve religious architecture, like churches and convents
- designed the National Library.
- works: Meralco Building

4. RAMON VALERA
- fashion designer who innovated the Philippine terno.

LESSON 8

FOLK ARCHITECTURE
- is the living environment people have created for themselves
- source of information

MARITIME TRANSPORT
- shipment of goods and people by sea and other waterways

PARAW (PARAO): double outrigger sail boats in the Philippines

NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE FOR WEAVING

1.DARHATA SAWABI
- pis yabit weaver from Barangay Parang, Jolo, Sulu.
a. PIS YABIT: is a square multi-colored traditional cloth that serve as the head cover of the Tausug of Jolo.

2. HAJA AMINA APPI

- master mat weaver of the Sama indigenous community from Ungos Matata, Tawi-tawi

3. LANG DULAY
- T’nalak weaver from the indigenous community of T’boli in Lake Sebu, South Cotabato
a. T’NALAK: kind of fabric made up of fine abaca fibers weaved

4. MAGDALENA GAMAYO
- Ilocano master weaver who come from Pinili, Ilocos Norte.
- weaving high quality ilocos’ textile called abel.
a. ABEL: kind of blanket made up of cotton woven in different patterns

NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE AWARDEE FOR CARVING

1. EDUARDO MUTUC
- metal smith from Apalit, Pampanga, who created numerous woodcarving and metal art with religious
and secular themes.
NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE AWARDEES FOR PERFORMING ART

1. ALONZO SACLAG
- master of dance and performing arts from Kalinga

2. MASINO INTARAY
- came from the indigenous community in southern Palawan called the Palawan
- a musician and a poet whose expertise was the basal, kulilal, and bagit
- notable story teller and epic chanter
a. BASAL: kind of musical ensemble played during tambilaw
b. TAMBILAW: a ritual of rice sharing among palawan people as an offering to the Lord of rice.
c. KULILAL: lyric poem about love being sung to the accompaniment of kusyapi
d. KUSYAPI: a two-stringed lute, and paging, bamboo zither.

3. SAMAON SULAIMAN
- is a Maguindanaon musician from Mama sa Pano, Maguidanao
- master in playing the kutyapi
a. KUTYAPI: is one of the most difficult to master in indigenous instruments

4. UWANG AHADAS
- exemplary musician of the Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan whose expertise dwell in playing the indigenous
instrument called kwintangan kayu.
a. KWINTANGAN KAYU: composed of five wooden logs of diff sizes
- played after the planting of rice to serenade the palay.

NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE AWARDESS FOR LITERATURE GINAW BILOG

1. GINAW BILOG
- is a hanuno mangyan poet from mansalay, Mindoro who is an advocate of preserving the traditional
form of his tribe called “ambahan”
a. AMBAHAN: kind of poem consisting of seven-syllable lines which most of the time contains message
of love and friendship

2. FEDERICO CABALLERO (NONG PEDRING)

- panay-bukidnon epic chanter who preserved his community’s oral tradition by tediously documenting
epics of his ancestors that are in near danger of disappearance.

GRAPHIC ART
- includes calligraphy, photography, painting, computer etc

PLASTIC ART
- involve modeling or molding, such as sculpture and ceramics, or art involving the representation of
solid objects
NATIONAL LIVING TREAUSRE AWARDEE FOR CRAFTING

1. TEOFILO GARCIA
- is an Ilocano casque maker from San Quitin, Abra.
- known for crafting high quality and functional headpiece called tabungaw
a. TABUNGAW: made of native gourd called upo, rattan, and bamboo.

NATIONAL LIVING TREASURE AWARDEE FOR TEXTILE OF FIBER ART

1. SALITA MONON
- is a Bagobo textile weaver from Bansalan, Davao del sur.

NATIONAL FOLK ARTIST, POTTERY

1. FIDEL GO
- is a Filipino-Chinese mestizo from Vigan, Ilocus Sur.
- his works find themselves displayed in several of the country’s plush hotels reaching as far as Palawan
and Davao in the south.