1.
Police Intelligence According to him, "one spy in the right
It is the end product resulting from the
collection, evaluation, analysis, integration,
and interpretation of all available
information regarding the activities of
criminals and other law violators for the
purpose of affecting their arrest, obtaining
evidence, and forestalling them to commit
crime.
2. Delilah
She is a biblical personality, she was able to
gain information by using her beauty and
charm, she was responsible for the fall of
Samson, a known Israelite leader and enemy
of the Philistines.
3. Sun Tzu
The author of the art of war. A Chinese
philosopher who takes into account practical
views in battle. According to him
foreknowledge cannot be elicited from
spirits nor from gods nor from analogy with
past events nor from calculations. He further
asserted that if you know thy enemy and
know thyself, you need not fear the results
of a hundred battles.
4. Alexander the Great
A Greek Conqueror, was able to identify
those who are disloyal to him by ordering
the opening of communication letters of his
men and was successful in uplifting the
esprit de corps and morale of his men. He
devised the first letter sorting and opening to
obtain information.
5. Sir Francis Walsingham
In England, Sir Francis Walsingham, under
Queen Elizabeth, organized the first
National Intelligence Service. He employed
spies on the staff of the Admiral in
Command of the Spanish Army and was
able to obtain information regarding the
Spanish Army as to their ships, equipment,
forces and stores. He protected Queen
Elizabeth I from countless assassins.
6. Napoleon Bonaparte
place is equivalent to 20,000 men in the
field." He maintained military intelligence
and secret political police service all over
Europe.
7. Frederick the Great
Father of organized military espionage. This
Prussian master was able to classify his
agents into four classes: common spies,
double spies, spies of consequence, and
persons which are involuntarily led to
undertake espionage.
8. Hannibal
Known as one of the greatest Roman
enemies who ruled and conquered Rome for
15 years by obtaining common street
knowledge by posing as a beggar to gather
first hand information on the pulse of the
people. His famous feat was at the outbreak
of the Second Punic War when he marched
an army which included elephants from
Iberia to Northern Italy. Military historians
consider Hannibal as the "father of strategy"
because his greatest enemy, Rome, came to
adopt the elements of his military tactics in
its own strategic arsenal.
9. Classification of Police Intelligence
● Criminal Intelligence (CRIMINT)-
production of intelligence essential
to the prevention of crimes and the
investigation, arrests, and
prosecution of criminal offenders.
● Internal Security Intelligence
(INSINT)- refers to the knowledge
essential to the maintenance of peace
and order. Keeping peace within the
borders of a sovereign state or other
self-governing territories, generally
by upholding the national law and
defending against internal security
threats.
● Public Safety Intelligence
(PUSINT)- refers to the knowledge
essential to ensure the protection of
lives and properties.
10. Forms of Intelligence
➔ Sociological Intelligence- deals with
the demographic and psychological
aspects of groups of people. It
includes the population and
manpower and the characteristics of
the people, public opinion-attitude of
the majority of the people towards
matters of public policy and
education.
➔ Biographical Intelligence - deals
with individual's personalities who
have actual possession of power.
➔ Armed Force Intelligence- deals with
the armed forces of the nation. It
includes the position of the armed
forces, the constitutional and legal
basis of its creation and actual role,
the organizational structure and
territorial disposition, and the
military manpower recruitment and
Order of Battle.
➔ Geographical Intelligence deals with
the progress of research and
development as it affects the
economic and military potential of a
nation.
11. Kinds of Intelligence
➔ Strategic Intelligence - as defined
earlier, it is an intelligence data that
is not of an immediate value. It is
usually descriptive in nature,
accumulation of physical description
of personalities, modus operandi. It
does not have immediate operational
value but rather long range that may
become relevant to future police
operations.
➔ Line Intelligence - It is the kind of
intelligence required by the
commander to provide for planning
and conduct tactical and
administrative operations in counter
insurgency. This pertains to
knowledge of People, Weather,
Enemy and Terrain (PWET) used in
planning and conducting tactical and
administrative operations in a
counter insurgency.
Intelligence information to be determined
in Line Intelligence are:
People- living condition of the people,
sources of income, education of the people,
government livelihood projects, extent of
enemy influence to the people.
Weather - visibility, cloudy, temperature,
precipitation (rain), wind.
Enemy - location of the enemy, strength of
the enemy, disposition, tactical capability,
enemy vulnerability.
Terrain- relief and drainage system,
vegetation, surface material, man made
features. There are military aspects of terrain
which includes cover and concealment,
obstacles, critical key terrain features,
observation and fields of fire, and avenues
of approach.
➔ Counter Intelligence (CI) - this kind
of intelligence covers the activity
devoted to destroying the
effectiveness of hostile foreign
activities and to the protection of
info against espionage, subversion
and sabotage. Hence, the three
activities of CI are; protection of
information against espionage;
protection of personnel against
subversion, and protection of
installations and material against
sabotage.
Counter Intelligence is also known as
Negative Intelligence - a generic term
meaning three different things;
Security Intelligence- means that the total
sum of efforts to counsel the national
policies, diplomatic decisions, military data,
and any other information of a secret nature
affecting the security of the nation form
unauthorized persons. It is an effort to deny
information to unauthorized persons by
restricting to those who are explicitly
authorized to possess it.

Counter-Intelligence- counter intelligence is
the organized effort to protect specific data
that might be of value to the opponent's own
intelligence organization. Some of its
functions are Censorship of the following:
correspondence, broadcast. telecast,
telephone conversations, telegrams and
cables, etc., prevention of the dissemination
of any information that might aid an
opponent; maintenance of files of suspect,
surveillance of suspects, mail reading,
wiretapping and recording; infiltration of the
enemy intelligence organized to procure
information about its method, personal,
specific operations and interest.
Counter-Espionage - In counter-espionage,
negative intelligence becomes a dynamic
and active effort. Its purpose is to investigate
actual or theoretical violation of espionage
laws, to enforce those laws and to apprehend
any violators.
12. Major Intelligence service in the
Philippines
The National Intelligence Coordinating
Agency or NICA is the primary intelligence
collection and analysis arm of the Philippine
government in charge of carrying out overt,
covert, and clandestine intelligence
programs. The current head of the Agency is
General Cesar Garcia. Its motto is Ang
Karunungan ay Kaligtasan (translated
"Knowledge is Security"). Presently, NICA
is in close coordination with the CIA,
Mossad and intelligence services of ASEAN
countries to counter the threat of terrorism.
EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 246
JULY 24, 1987, PROVIDING FOR THE
CREATION OF THE NATIONAL
INTELLIGENCE COORDINATING
AGENCY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
13. Intelligence Cycle
➔ Planning and direction -The
intelligence officer must have a
thorough knowledge of the available
sources of information, the collecting
agencies and type of information the
latter can provide.
Priority Intelligence Requirement- an
item of intelligence or information of
the characteristics of the area of
operations and the enemy which the
commander feels he needs before he
can reasonably arrive at a decision.
Also known as the Essential Element
of Information.
➔ Collection- The intelligence officer
must have thorough knowledge of
the available sources of information
and collecting agencies and the type
of information they can provide.
Methods of Collection (overt and covert
intelligence)
● Overt-open sources. 99% of the
information collected is coming from
open sources.
● Covert-closed/secret sources. Only
1% of information is obtained from
covert operation.
➔ Processing/Analysis- The stage in
which the collected information is
subjected to review in order to
satisfy significant facts and derive
conclusions there from.
➔ Dissemination- Processed
information or intelligence data are
disseminated to end users, common
methods of disseminating Intel data
are conferences, briefing and person
to person exchanges. In this process,
consider the factors of timeliness,
correctness and security.
14. Four Categories of classified
matters
● Top Secret- calls for the utmost
degree of protection. Unauthorized
revelation of these materials and
information will cause extremely
severe damage to the nation,
politically, economically, or
militarily.
Examples: political negotiations, military
defense, war strategic plans, etc.
 ● Secret- unauthorized disclosure of
these documents or things may put
national security at risk and cause
serious injury to the reputation of the
nation.
Examples: info about intelligence
operations, troop movements, order of
battle, etc.
● Confidential-Unauthorized
revelation of which may be injurious
to the reputation of the nation or
governmental activity or will cause
administrative humiliation or
unnecessary injury.
Examples: plans of government projects,
routine intelligence reports
● Restricted - this is information which
should not be published or
communicated to anyone except for
official purposes. These records are
daily files, routine in nature even if
lost or destroyed will not affect
operation,
Examples: blotters, daily logbook file, etc.
15. Informant (assets)- gives
information without any
consideration.
Other meanings of "Informants":
1. Obnoxious - the view of the public to
a person selling information to
another or money motivated.
2. Stool Pidgeon - the view of the
underworld to a person who exposes
their activities and Identities.
3. Savior - the view of the police to a
person who gives information,
without his valuable reports or
revelations the crime would remain
unsolved.
Informer- gives information in exchange
for a reward or a price.
16. Types of informant
➔ Anonymous- those who give
information through telephone with
the hope that the informant cannot be
identified.
➔ False Informant - reveals information
of no consequences or value.
➔ Self-Aggrandizing - moves around
the center of criminals delight in
surprising the police about bits of
information.
➔ Double Crosser - wants to get more
information from the police more
than what he gives.
➔ Special/legitimate informant- those
who give information concerning
specialized cases. Usually they are
regarded with special treatment by
the operatives.
➔ Voluntary informant-gives
information freely and willfully as a
witness to a certain act.
➔ Recruited informant- a person who is
selected, cultivated, and developed
into a continuous source of
information.
➔ Rival elimination informant-
informant who gives information to
eliminate rivalry.
➔ Mercenary informant-informant who
gives Information for remuneration
or compensation.
17. Types of surveillance
a. According to Intensity and
Sensitivity
● Discrete- Discreet surveillance of
people and facilities is defined as
secret monitoring and surveillance of
people, facilities and vehicles for the
purpose of collecting findings and
evidence related to specific
activities, people's identities and
meetings, previously defined by the
client requesting the surveillance.
● Close- surveillance maintained
where the prevention of loss of the
subject is paramount.
● Loose- involves the exercise of
caution, preferring to lose the subject
rather than risk detection or
exposure.
b. According to Methods
 ● Stationary Surveillance - also
referred to as Fixed or Stakeout
Surveillance - is used when you
know or suspect that a person is at or
will come to a known location, when
you suspect that stolen goods are to
be dropped or when informants have
told you that a crime is going to be
committed.
● Technical- surveillance by the use of
communications and electronic
hardware, gadgets, etc.
● Moving Surveillance/ Shadowing/
Tailing - simply the act of following
a person.
18. Kinds of surveillant
The Following are the Kinds of Surveillance
(UST):
1. Undercover or roping – Is a form of
investigation in which the investigator
assumes a different and unofficial identity in
order to obtain information; an investigative
technique in which the agent’s/investigator’s
official identity is concealed to accomplish
an investigative mission.
2. Surveillance of place (fixed/ stake-out) –
careful survey of the surrounding area
should be made. The character of the
neighborhood, residents and transients
should be noted. The observation point
should be selected properly. When
observation is conducted from a ‘plant’,
surveillance agents must be extremely
careful not to reveal their true activity.
Observation may be made through a window
or other aperture so as to be unnoticed from
the outside. Venetian blinds afford the best
coverage, but may appear to be out of place
in some buildings.
3.Tailing or shadowing – Is the act of
following a person, depending on the
number of surveillant available, volume of
pedestrian traffic and importance of
concealing the surveillance.
19. Method of foot surveillance
➔ One man- Extremely difficult and
should be avoided, if unavoidable
keep the subject in view at all times.
➔ Two-man- two agents are employed
to follow the subject.
➔ ABC method or Three-man- reduces
the risk of losing the subject, affords
greater security agents detection
➔ Progressive/Leap frog method- poor
chances of obtaining good results,
agents are stationed at a fixed point
assuming that subject followed the
same general route each day.
➔ Combined foot-auto surveillance-
employment of surveillant on foot
and agents in an automobile.
20. Common tricks of the subject in
surveillance
1. Test For Tailing = When the subject is
conscious that he is being tailed while about
to board a public conveyance, is to jump off
the vehicle. If somebody also jumps off, he
then recognizes the shadower, which will be
his basis for future recognition.
2. Use of Convoy = The subject employs
other partners to detect if he is being tailed.
The convoy which may employ the ABC
method would be very easy to detect
shadowers. If the subject uses this, the
shadower must be behind the convoy and
follow them instead.