Physical Chemistry Mid Term Exam

NAME: _______________________________________________DATE: ______________________

COURSE AND SECTION: _____________________________ SCORE: _____________________

I. Multiple Choice. DIRECTIONS: Write you answers on the space provided before each number.

__________1. In the laboratory experiment, a balloon is inflated with air, and its volume is measured at
different stages. The initial volume of the balloon is V1 = 1.0 L, and the pressure is kept constant. The
balloon is then allowed to expand, and the final volume is V2 = 2.5L. What aspect of the first law of
thermodynamics is this experiment primarily investigating?
a. Heat transfer in a gas. b. Work done by a gas.
c. Change in internal energy of a gas. d Pressure-temperature relationship in a gas.
__________2. The process of the balloon inflating is best described as:
a, Isothermal compression. b. Adiabatic expansion.
c. Isobaric heating d. Isometric cooling.
__________3. During the expansion of the balloon, work is done:
a. By the balloon on the surroundings.
b. On the balloon by the surroundings.
c. Simultaneously by the balloon and the surroundings.
d. No work is done.
__________4. If the balloon is initially at room temperature (T1)and allowed to expand, and the final
temperature is higher (T2) what can be said about the change in internal energy U of the air in the
balloon?
a. U is negative. b.U is positive.
c. U is zero. d. U cannot be determined.
__________5. How does the first law of thermodynamics relate to the everyday experience of inflating a
balloon?

a. Inflating a balloon violates the first law of thermodynamics.

b. Inflating a balloon is an example of an isothermal process.
c. The work done on the balloon by the person blowing it up is converted into internal energy.
d. Balloons do not involve thermodynamic principles.
__________6. In a laboratory experiment on Charles's Law, a gas is trapped in a sealed container with a
movable piston. The initial volume of the gas is v1= 2.0 L and the temperature isT1= 273K. The procedure
involves changing the temperature while keeping the pressure constant. What is the purpose of keeping
the pressure constant in this experiment?
a. To simplify calculations.
b. To study the relationship between volume and temperature.
c. To prevent the gas from escaping.
d. To measure the mass of the gas.
__________7. The temperature of the gas is increased to T2= 323K, and the corresponding volume is
measured as V2=2.5L What does the data collected in this experiment suggest about the relationship
between volume and temperature according to Charles's Law?
a. The volume is inversely proportional to temperature.
b. The volume is directly proportional to temperature.
c. The volume is independent of temperature.
d. The temperature has no effect on the volume.
__________8. Charles's Law can be mathematically represented as: V1 / T1 – V2 / T2. Which of the
following statements is correct regarding this equation?
a. It represents Boyle's Law.
b. It shows the relationship between pressure and volume.
c. It is the ideal gas law.
d. It expresses Charles's Law.
__________9. . If the initial temperature of the gas is T0 = 273K and the volume is V0 = 2.0L according to
Charles's Law, what would be the expected volume if the temperature were reduced to absolute zero
(0K)
a. V0 b. 2V0
c. 0.5V0 d. VO/2
__________10. Why might the experimental data not perfectly align with the predictions of Charles's
Law in a real laboratory setting?
a. Human error in reading instruments.
b. The law is not applicable to gases.
c. The gas is not at constant pressure.
d. The temperature is not measured accurately.

II. DIRECTIONS: Answer all questions. Show all relevant calculations. Use appropriate units. Use another
sheet of paper for the calculations.

You conducted a Charles's Law experiment with a gas trapped in a sealed container. The initial and final
volumes and temperatures were recorded for multiple trials.

1. Compute the mean % error and the standard deviation of the mean.
2. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of the mean.

III. Discussion. (10pts each_. Answer the following comprehensively.

1. Define the first law of thermodynamics. Explain its significance in the context of energy conservation
during chemical processes.

2. State the mathematical expression of the first law of thermodynamics and explain the meaning of
each term.

3. Explain Charles's Law in your own words. How does it describe the relationship between the volume
and temperature of a gas at constant pressure?

4. If you were to design an experiment to demonstrate Charles's Law, what materials and procedures
would you use? What safety precautions would you consider?

5. Discuss practical applications of Charles's Law in everyday life or various industries. How does the law
impact our daily experiences with gases?

6. Charles's Law can be expressed mathematically as \(V_1/T_1 = V_2/T_2\). Discuss how this equation
represents the law and how it can be rearranged for different scenarios.