Muscles

The primary muscle group that supports the shoulder joint is

the rotator cuff muscles. The four rotator cuff muscles are the
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.
Together the rotator cuff muscles form a musculotendinous
cuff as they insert on the proximal humerus.
Supraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)
 Function: Initiation of arm abduction (first 15 degrees),
stabilize glenohumeral joint
 Origin: Posterior scapula, superior to the scapular
spine/supraspinous fossa
 Insertion: Top of the greater tubercle of the humerus
 Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
Infraspinatus (Rotator Cuff)
 Function: Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilize
glenohumeral joint
 Origin: Posterior scapula, inferior to the scapular
spine/Infraspinous fossa
 Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus, between the
supraspinatus and teres minor insertion
 Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
Teres minor (Rotator Cuff)
 Function: Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilize
glenohumeral joint
  Origin: Inferior angle of the scapula
 Insertion: Inferior aspect of the greater tubercle
 Innervation: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
)

* Subscapular
 Function: Adduction and medial rotation of the arm,
stabilize glenohumeral joint
 Origin: Anterior aspect of the scapula
 Insertion: Lesser tubercle of the humerus
 Innervation: Subscapular nerves (C5, C6, C7)
Vessel of the blood
The axillary artery is the major blood vessel in the shoulder,
with many of its branches supplying the area. These branches
include the superior thoracic artery, thoracoacromial artery,
lateral thoracic artery, subscapular artery, anterior humeral
circumflex artery, and posterior humeral circumflex artery.

In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood

vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of
the thorax, the axilla (armpit) and the upper limb. Its origin is
at the lateral margin of the first rib, before which it is called
the subclavian artery.
After passing the lower margin of teres major it becomes
the brachial artery.
Structure
The axillary artery is often referred to as having three parts,
with these divisions based on its location relative to
the Pectoralis minor muscle, which is superficial to the artery.

 First part – the part of the artery superior to the pectoralis

minor
 Second part – the part of the artery posterior to the
pectoralis minor
 Third part – the part of the artery inferior to the pectoralis
minor.