Upper Limb - 1 of 9

The scapula:
1 winging' of the scapula is produced by lesion of the long thoracic T
nerve
2 rotates around the point of attachment of the acromion to the clavicle T

3 has a supraglenoid tubercle for the attachment of the long head of the
triceps
4 has a costal surface for the attachment of the subscapularis and
serratus anterior muscles
5 has a notch on its superior border through which the subscapular
nerve runs
6 has a groove on its lateral border for the circumflex scapular artery
7 the inferior angle of the scapula corresponds to the spinous process of
the T7 vertebra
8 the scapular anastomosis links the 3rd part of the subclavia with the
2nd part of the axillary artery
9 the scapular anastomosis provides a route of collateral circulation
between the 1st and 3rd parts of the axillary artery
F The scapula has an infragleniod tubercle for the attachment of the long
head of the triceps
T
F The notch on the superior border of the scapula allows passage of the
suprascapular nerve
T
T
F The scapular anastomosis links the 1st part os the subclavian artery
with the 3rd part of the axillary artery
F The scapular anastomosis provides a route of collateral circulation
between the subclavian artery and the 3rd part of the axillary artery

The humerus:
1 its growing end is the upper end T

The ulna:
1 its posterior border is subcutaneous T
2 the head of the ulna articulates with the lunate F The head of the radius articulates with the lunate.
3 the annular ligament of the ulnar is attached to the margins of the T
radial notch
4 its distal end is the growing end T
5 provides attachment for the deep part of the supinator T

The acromio-clavicular joint:

1 allows for gliding movements T

The shoulder joint:

1 The capsule of the joint is attached to the surgical neck of the F The capsule of the shoulder joint is attached to the anatomical neck of
humerus the humerus
 Upper Limb - 2 of 9

2 the short head of the biceps brachii tendon lies inside the bicipital F The long head of the biceps brachii lies within the bicipital groove
groove
3 the weakest part of the capsule is inferiorly T
4 the subscapularis is a medial rotator of the joint T
5 the suprascapular nerve innervates the joint T

The elbow joint:

1 the musculocutaneous nerve supplies this joint T
2 the trochlea of humerus articulates with the head of radius F In the elbow joint, the trochlea of humerus articulates with the trochlea
notch of the ulna
3 derives its innervation from the axillary nerve F The shoulder joint derives its innervation from the axillary nerve
4 the bicipital aponeurosis forms the anterior part of the capsule of the F The bicipital aponeurosis forms the roof of the cubital fossa
joint
5 is an example of a hinge joint T
6 blood supply to the joint is by branches of the radial and ulnar arteries T

7 spinal segments for extension of the joint are C7 and C8 T

8 biceps brachii serves to flex and supinate the forearm at the elbow F Biceps brachii serves to flex the forearm at the elbow joint (supination
joint takes place at the radioulnar joints)
9 pronation and supination of the forearm occur at the elbow and wrist F Pronation and supination of the forearm occur at the superior and
joints inferior radioulnar joints

The superior radioulnar joint:

1 is a pivot joint T
2 the annular ligament of the joint forms a collar around the head of the T
radius
3 the articulation is between the head of the radius and the radial notch T
of the ulnar
4 is supplied by the radial nerve T
5 the synovial cavity of the joint communicates with that of the elbow T
joint

The wrist joint:

1 adduction at this joint is performed by the flexor and extensor carpi F Abduction at the wrist joint is performed by the flexor and extensor
radialis carpi radialis
2 is involved in pronation of the forearm F Only the superior radioulnar joint is involved in pronation of the forearm
 Upper Limb - 3 of 9

The metacarpophalangeal joint:

1 are between the bases of the metacarpal bones and the heads of the F The metacarpophalangeal joint are between the heads of the
proximal phalanges metacarpal bones and the bases of the proximal phalanges

The interphalangeal joints:

1 the dorsal interossei assist in extension at these joints T

The brachial plexus:

1 the upper trunk in a prefixed brachial plexus is formed by the union of T (+C4)
C5 and C6 nerves
2 the lower trunk of the brachial plexus crosses inferior to the first rib F The lower trunk of the brachial plexus crosses superior to the first rib

3 the thoracodorsal nerve (nerve to latissimus dorsi) arises from thr F The thoracodorsal nerve (nerve to latissimus dorsi) arises from the
medial cord of the brachial plexus posterior cord of the brachial plexus
4 only has motor and sympathetic components F The brachial plexus has motor, sympathetic and sensory components

5 dorsal (posterior) division of the brachial plexus supplies extensor T

muscles
6 is formed by the anterior primary rami of C5, C6, C7, C8 and T1 T
7 the three trunks of the brachial plexus are found in the neck T
8 the three cords of the brachial plexus are found in the neck F The three cords of the brachial plexus are found in the axilla
9 the posterior cord receives contributions from all 5 spinal nerves T

The axillary nerve:

1 supplies the deltoid muscle T
2 arises as a terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus T

3 sends out an articular twig to the capsule of the shoulder joint T

4 is related to the surgical neck of the humerus
5 gives rise to the lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
6 is closely related to the shoulder joint
7 is accompanied by the profunda brachii artery
8 is a pure motor nerve
9 pierces the coracobrachialis muscle
T
F The radial nerve gives rise to the lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the
arm
T
F The radial nerve is accompanied by the profunda brachii artery
F The axillary nerve has motor, sensory and sympathetic nerve fibres
F The musculocutaneous nerve pierces the coracobrachialis muscle
 Upper Limb - 4 of 9

The median nerve

1 a lesion at the wrist produces 'wrist drop' F A lesion of the radial nerve at the wrist produces 'wrist drop'
2 passes between the two heads of the pronator teres T
3 runs superficial to the flexor retinaculum F The median nerve runs deep to the flexor retinaculum
4 lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris T
longus
5 supplies all the thenar muscles T
6 arises from the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus T

The radial nerve:

1 divides into its superficial and deep branches in the cubital fossa T
2 is liable to injury in fractures of the middle of the shaft of the humerus T

3 supplies the brachioradialis and the extensor carpi radialis longusin T

the arm
4 gives rise to the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm in the axilla T
5 arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus T
6 passes backwards through the quadrilateral (quadrangular) space F The axillary nerve passes backwards through the quadrilateral
(quadrangular) space
The ulnar nerve:
1 the higher the lesion of the ulnar nerve, the greater the degree of F The higher the lesion, the lessor the degree of clawing of the ring and
clawing of the little and ring fingers little fingers, due to loss of function of flexor digitorium profundus
muscles (ulnar paradox)
2 is accompanied by the inferior ulnar collateral artery in the lower part F The ulnar nerve is accompanied by the superior ulnar collateral artery
of the arm in the lower part of the arm

The axillary artery:

1 gives rise to the superior intercostal artery
2 lies anterior to the posterior cord of the brachial plexus in its second
part
3 its 2nd part runs anterior to the pectoralis minor
F The costocervical trunk of the subclavian artery gives rise to the
superior intercostal artery
T
F The 2nd part of the axillary artery runs posterior to the pectoralis minor

4 ends at the lower border of the teres major T

5 is enclosed in the axillary sheath T
6 starts at the medial border of the first rib F The axillary artery starts at the lateral border of the first rib
 Upper Limb - 5 of 9

7 is the continuation of the subclavian artery T

8 lies anterior to the radial nerve T
9 the first part of the axillary artery gives rise to the subscapular artery F

10 is in close association with the trunks of the brachial plexus F The axillary artery is in close association with the cords of the brachial
plexus

The radial artery:

1 anastomoses with the deep branch of the ulnar artery to form the deep T
plamar arch
2 the radial pulse can be felt in the anatomical snuffbox T
3 is crossed by the median nerve at the wrist F The radial aretery is not crossed by the median nerve at the wrist.
4 begins in the cubital fossa T
5 pulsations can be felt against the distal end of the radius T
6 enters the palm between the 2 heads of the first dorsal interosseous T
muscle

The ulnar artery:

1 enters the forearm between the 2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris F The ulnar nerve enters the forearm between the two heads of the flexor
carpi ulnaris
2 gives nutrient branches to both the radiums and ulna F The anterior interosseous artery gives nutrient branches to both the
radius and ulna
3 sends a branch to supply muscles on the back of the forearm T
4 passes deep to the flexor retinaculum to enter the palm F The ulnar artery passes superficial to te flexor retinaculum to enter the
palm
5 does not take part in formation of the deep palmar arch F The deep branch of ulnar artery takes part in the formation of the deep
palmar arch

Arterial arches:
1 the deep palmar arch is formed mainly by the deep branch of the ulnar F The deep palmar arch is formed mainly by the radial artery
artery
2 the superficial palmar arch is the main continuation of the radial artery F The superficial palmar arch is the main continuation of the ulnar artery.

3 perforating branches connect the deep palmar arch to the dorsal T

metacarpal arteries
4 the superficial palmar arch gives rise to the radialis indicis artery F The deep palmar arch gives rise to the radialis indicis artery.
 Upper Limb - 6 of 9

The basilic vein:

1 communicates with the cephalic vein T

Deltoid muscle:
1 is entirely a multipennate muscle F The deltoid is a multipennate muscle, but not entirely
2 forms the lateral wall of the axilla F The bicipital groove forms the lateral wall of the axilla
3 inserts into the humerous distal to the radial (spiral) groove F The deltoid insterts into the humerous at the same level/proximal to the
radial (spiral) groove
4 is an abductor of the shoulder joint T
5 is supplied by the axillary nerve T
6 is a multipennate muscle T

Teres major muscle:

1 is supplied by the suprascapular nerve F Teres major is supplied by the lower subscapular nerve
2 is supplied by the upper subscapular nerve F Teres major is supplied by the lower subscapular nerve

Biceps brachii muscle:

1 flexes both shoulder and elbow joints T
2 supinates the forearm T
3 the short head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle F The long head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle
4 the tendon of the long head is partially enclosed in synovial membrane T

5 is supplied by the median nerve F The biceps brachii is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve
6 can produce flexion at the shoulder joint T

Brachialis muscle:
1 is supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve T

Anconeus muscle:
1 is supplied by the posterior interosseous nerve F Anconeus is supplied by the radial nerve
2 is supplied by the ulnar nerve F Anconeus is supplied by the radial nerve

Supinator muscle:
1 is supplied by the superficial radial nerve F The supinator is supplied by the deep radial nerve

Lumbricals:
 Upper Limb - 7 of 9

1 act to adduct the fingers at the metacarpophalangeal joint F The palmar interossei act to adduct the fingers at the
metacarpophalangeal joint
2 are attached to the tendons of the flexor digitorium superficialis F Lumbricals are attached to the tendons of the flexor digitorium
profundus
3 are inserted into the extensor expansions T
4 arise from the medial side of the tendons of the flexor digitorium F Lumbricals arise from the lateral side of the tendons of the flexor
profundus digitorium profundus

Interossei:
1 palmar interossei adduct the fingers T
2 dorsal interossei flex the interphalangeal joints F Dorsal interossei extend the interphalangeal joints.

The axilla:
1 The horizonal fibres of the trapezius pulls the medial border of the
scapula downwards
2 the thoracodorsal nerve supplies the serratus anterior
3 the latissimus dorsi forms the anterior wall of the axilla
F The horizontal fibres of the trapezius pulls the medial border of the
scapula towrds the midline.
F The serratus anterior is supplied by the long thoracic nerve
F The anterior wall of the axilla is formed by the pectoralis major muscles

The cubital fossa:

1 the bicipital aponeurosis separates the median cubital vein from the T
brachial artery here
2 the median nerve lies lateral to the biceps tendon here F The median nerve lies medial to the biceps tendon at the cubital fossa

3 the brachial artery bifurcates here T

4 the floor of the cubital fossa is formed by the brachialis and supinator T
mucles
5 The radial nerve lies medial to the brachial artery here F The median nerve lies medial to the brachial artery at the cubital fossa

The carpal tunnel:

1 contains the tendons of the flexor digitorium superficialis T
2 contains a portion of the ulnar bursa T
3 compression of the median nerve in the tunnel causes a sensory loss T
over palmar surface of the index finger
4 is a fibro-osseous tunnel formed by the carpal bones and the palmar F The carpal tunnel is a fibro-osseous tunnel formed by the carpal bones
aponeurosis and the flexor retinaculum
5 contains both the radial and ulnar arteries F The carpal tunnel does not contain any arteries
 Upper Limb - 8 of 9

6 the carpal tunnel syndrome results in wasting of the hypothenar F The carpal tunnel syndrome results in weakness of the thenar muscles
muscles and 'pins-and-needles' sensation

The anatomical snuffbox:

1 the triquetral can be felt within F The scaphoid and trapezium can be felt within the anatomical snuffbox

2 superficial radial nerve crosses the anatomical snuffbox T

3 is bounded by the tendons of the extensor pollicis longus and brevis T
and abductor pollicis longus
4 the scaphoid bone is palpable within T
5 the radial artery passes through the anatomical snuffbox to reach the F The radial artery passes under the tendons which border the
palm anatomical snuffbox to reach the palm
6 the floor is formed by the 1st dorsal interosseous muscles F The scaphoid and trapezium form the floor of the anatomical snuffbox

7 the trapezium is palpable within T

Pronation of the forearm:

1 pronator teres is the only pronator of the forearm F Pronator quadratus is also involved in pronation
2 the spinal cord controlling this action is C8 T
3 the distal end of the radius rotates medially during this action T
4 the axis of pronation of the forearm passes from the olecranon F The axis of pronation of the forearm passes from the head of the radius
process to the styloid process of the ulna to the styloid process of the ulnar (to apex of the triangular articular
disc)

The mammary gland:

1 lymphatics communicate across the midline T
2 has some lyphatics which drain into lymph nodes of the opposite side T

3 lies in the superficial fasia T

4 is divided into fibrous septa T
5 has its base extending from the 2nd to 6th rib T
6 has a tail which pierces the deep fascia to reach the axillary vessels T

The forearm:
1 The flexor digitorium superficialis is innervated by both the ulnar and F The flexor digitorium superficialis is innervated by the median nerve
median nerve
 Upper Limb - 9 of 9
2 there is complete loss of supination when the radial nerve is lesioned
3 lesion of the ulnar nerve at the forearm results in the disability to
extend the interphalangeal joints of the ulnar 2 digits
4 lesion of the radial nerve causes a complete loss of abduction of the
thumb
The hand:
1 its intrinsic mucles are derived from T1
2 all the interossei are supplied by the median nerve
F The biceps brachii can still assist in supination if the radial nerve
supplying the supinator muscle is lesioned
T
F Abduction of the thumb can still be carried out by the abductor pollicis
brevis, supplied by the median nerve.
T
F All the interossei are supplied by the ulnar nerve.