plasmidsa classes

plasmids -
small circular piece of DNA that is different from chromosomal DNA

-
replicates independently from chromos anal DNA
-

mainly found in bacteria ; also in higher organisms : archaea , multicellular , fungi

-

usually carry atleast one

gene -> host

2
plasmid
Bacterial
DNA
&
* Functions

-
contain genes that enhance the survival le g antibiotic resistance ,
y the organism
. .

production y toxins)
-

facilitate the process y replication of bacteria

small ; contains only a few genes of specific function
-

GeneralTypes

Conjugative
·

↳ contain transfer genes that facilitate the beginning y conjugation

·
Non-conjugative
↳ conjugation
cannot start process ; can only be transferred through sexual
conjugation
with the help y conjugative plasmids

·
Fertility (F-plasmids)

I
-> contain transfer genes that allow to be transferred from bacteria to another by conjugation
genes one

episanes : can be inserted into chromosomal DNA

+
+ basterium with F-bacterium
·
F bacterium * When an
conjugates
F-bacterium it results +bacterium
·
to two

·
Resistance plasmids (R plasmids)
help bacteria defend against environmental
↳
-> contain genes that factors (e g .
.
antibiotics)

can transfer themselves through conjugation

· virulence plasmids

I
-
turns

E .
coli
a

,
bacterium into

S . enterica
a
pathogen when present -> causes disease

Degradative Plasmids

"
-help
3 host bacterium to digest compounds that are not common/foreign in nature
-> contain genes for special enzymes to breakdown
specific compounds
-

conjugative
·
col plasmids
↳ contain make bacterious (proteins that kill other bacteria defense)
genes that
-

* E .
coli ; plasmid ColE