GE 005:

Science and
Technology and
Society
Prepared by:
Ms. Alexsa O. Tapiador
Prepared by: Ms. Alexsa Tapiador
BIODIVERSITY

Life Different/
Variety
 BIODIVERSITY
The number and variety of life
found on Earth.
Contraction of the term biological
diversity.
BIODIVERSITY
Coined by
RAYMOND F. DASMANN
introduced to science by
THOMAS E. LOVEJOY
 TYPES
OF
BIODIVERSITY
1. SPECIES DIVERSITY
Different kinds of organisms
Variety of species within a
region

TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
EXAMPLE: Species of Fishes
Milk fish ► Gold fish
Scud fish ► Clown fish
(galunggong)
► Blue tang
Slip mouth
(sapsap) ► Mud fish
(dalag)
EXAMPLE: Species of Dogs
Chihuahua
Bulldog
Siberian Husky
Chow- chow
Akita Dog
2. GENETIC DIVERSITY
Variation of genes within a
species
The differences in the genetic
make up(genotype) between
distinct species
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
EXAMPLE: Coat color in rabbits
3. ECOSYSTEM DIVERSITY

Different kind of places

where organisms live and the
interconnections that bind
them together.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY
EXAMPLE:
Terrestrial Environment

Desert
Tropical rain forest
Grassland
Terrestrial Environment
EXAMPLE:
Aquatic Environment

Wet land
Mangroves
Coral reefs
Aquatic Environment
BIODIVERSITY
LOSS
 Biodiversity Loss
one of the pressing issues of out
time
a worldwide concern
DIFFERENT TYPES
OF
BIODIVERSITY
LOSS
1. EXTINCTION OF SPECIES
Extinction- the last individual
belonging to a particular species is
gone forever.
- there is no single individual of that
species left to reproduce.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
 Two types of Extinction

1. Natural Extinction
2. Accelerated Extinction
 1. Natural Extinction
if a species of organisms is
lost every 1,000 years.
2. Accelerated Extinction
is induced by human
activities
occurs 1,000 times higher
than the natural extinction.
2. LOSS OF SPECIFIC HABITAT
Habitat
- the place where organisms
live.
- it provides the elements of
life- foods, shelter, etc.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
the loss of habitats are due to illegal
activities such as-

Mining
Illegal logging
Dynamite fishing
Kaingin system
3. LOSS OF GENETIC VARIATION
WITHIN A SPECIES
the higher the genetic
variation among the species,
the greater the chance of the
species to survive.
TYPES OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS
3. LOSS OF GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN
A SPECIES
species with less genetic variation
are at greater risk of being
eliminated because of their inability
to cope with the changing
environment.
 What is the
number one cause
of Biodiversity
Loss?
EXTINCTION OF SPECIES AS THE
NUMBER ONE CAUSE OF
BIODIVERSITY LOSS
maybe brought about by
natural and man- made
activities.
NATURAL CAUSES
OF
EXTINCTION
1. Extreme Heating and
Cooling of the Earth
“Climate change”
species find it difficult to look
for food can cause disease
and epidemics to thrive.

NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

2. Changes in Landscape

change of the
condition of
species’ habitats.

NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

Example of Changes in Landscape

Melting of snow and glaciers due to

“global warming”
 4. Diseases/ Epidemic
due to global warming and climate change,
species sometimes lost their immunity to disease.
they become vulnerable to diseases that can
cause death.

NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

3. Acid precipitation
gases in the atmosphere-
sulfur dioxide, nitric oxides and
chloride ions emitted by
volcanic activities are absorbed
by the clouds and then fall on
land as “acid rain”.
NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION
5. Meteoric Impact/ Cosmic Radiation
NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

meteor strike the surface with

great force.
the impact can be felt and the
place of impact is completely
destroyed as in the case of the
extinction of the dinosaurs.
6. Spread of Invasive Species

new species invade other territories.

competition sets in and the original
species is eliminated due to the
efficiency of invasive species.

NATURAL CAUSES OF EXTINCTION

MAN- MADE CAUSES
OF
EXTINCTION
1. HABITAT DESTRUCTION
pertains to the conversion,
fragmentation and
simplification of any natural
habitats.
MAN-MADE CAUSES OF
EXTINCTION
 habitats are being lost due to
industrialization– housing development,
road, school, subdivision and mall
construction.
2. COMMERCIAL HUNTING/
HARVESTING FOR SPORTS
greed for profit and
material thing.

MAN-MADE CAUSES OF
EXTINCTION
Example of animals that are being hunted
and harvested in great numbers:
Peruvian anchovy-
sardines
manufacturing
Elephants- source of
ivory
Snakes and crocodiles- bags and shoes
Whales- oil
Passenger pigeon- sports target
Cheetah, tigers and jaguars- coat
3. INTRODUCTION OF ALIEN,
EXOTIC, OR NON- NATIVE SPECIES
the presence of new species in a
certain habitats can destroy the
native species in an area.
MAN-MADE CAUSES OF
EXTINCTION
Example of how introducing alien and exotic
species had disturbed the native species
Introduction of the brown tree snake in
Guam caused the extinction of five
endemic birds.
A new coffee variety introduced in Kenya
that cause the disappearance of native
coffee plants.
4. POLLUTION MAN-MADE CAUSES OF
EXTINCTION

oil spill
introduction of pest control
waste materials from domestic
and industrial sources.
5. OTHER CAUSES MAN-MADE CAUSES OF
EXTINCTION

Superstition
Pet Trade
Global Trading System
QUIZ #1 (FINALS)
 Thank you for
participating!
If you have any questions /clarification
feel free to contact your teacher on her
designated consultation time..