Nomor 1.

Soal
Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 4

Alligators, which often engage in violent fights over territories and mates, have made
scientists puzzled why their wounds rarely get infected. Now researchers think the secret
lies in the reptiles' blood. Chemists in Louisiana found that blood from the American
alligator can successfully destroy strains of bacteria, including strains known to be resistant
to antibiotics. In addition, the blood was able to deplete and destroy a significant amount of
HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.

Study co-author Lancis Darville at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge believes that
peptides-fragments of proteins-within alligator blood help the animals stop fatal infections.
Such peptides are also found in the skin of frogs and toads, as well as komodo, dragons and
crocodiles. The scientist think that these peptides could one day lead to medicines that
would pro- vide humans with the same antibiotic protection. "We are, in the process of
separating and identifying the specific peptides in alligator blood," said Darville. "Once
sequence these peptides, we can obtain their chemical structure to potentially create new
drugs."

Study co-author Mark Merchant, a biochemist at Mc Neue State University in Lake Charles,
Louisiana, was among the first to notice alligators' unusual resistance. He was intrigued
that, despite living in swampy environments where bacteria thrive, alligators that suffered
frequent scratches and bruises rarely developed fatal infections. Merchant therefore created
human and alligator serum-protein-rich blood plasma that has been able to remove clotting
agents, and exposed each of them to strains of bacteria. Human serum destroyed only eight
of the bacterial strains while alligator serum killed all. When the alligator was exposed to
HIV, the re- searchers found that a good amount of the virus was destroyed.

The study team thinks that pills and creams containing alligator peptides could be available
at level pharmacies within seven to ten years. Such products would be a solution to patients
that need extra help preventing infections, such as diabetes patients with foot ulcers, burn
victims and people suffering from auto-immune diseases. However, there may be potential
problems before alligator-based medicines can reach drugstore shelves. For example, initial
tests have revealed that higher concentrations of the alligator serum tend to be toxic to
human cells.

Which of the following statements is not true about peptides within alligator's blood?

A. They are fragments of proteins.

B. They may stop fatal infections.

C. They are injected in the human body.

D. They are within the blood of reptiles.

E. They have the same function as antibiotics.

Pembahasan Jawaban: C. They are injected in the human body.

Pembahasan:

Pernyataan yang salah berkenaan dengan "peptides" yang ada pada darah
buaya adalah darah tersebut disuntikkan pada tubuh manusia (They are
injected in the human body). Hal ini tidak ditemukan dalam wacana.
Maka jawaban yang tepat adalah opsi C.

- Opsi A salah, karena pernyataan ini terdapat dalam teks tersebut “Study
co-author Lancis Darville…. believes that peptides-fragments of proteins-
within alligator blood...”
 - Opsi B salah, karena pernyataan ini terdapat dalam teks tersebut
“peptides-fragments of proteins-within alligator blood help the animals
stop fatal infections.”

- Opsi D salah, karena pernyataan ini terdapat dalam teks tersebut “Such
peptides are also found in the skin of frogs and toads, as well as komodo,
dragons and crocodiles.”

- Opsi E salah, karena pernyataan ini terdapat dalam teks tersebut “…that
would pro- vide humans with the same antibiotic protection.”

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 2.

Soal Wetlands are areas of land that are covered by water, or have flooded or waterlogged soils.
They can have water on them either permanently or for just part of the year. Whether it’s
year-round or seasonal, this period of water saturation produces hydric soils, which contain
little or no oxygen. But this doesn’t mean that they are lifeless: Wetlands are full of unique
water-loving plants and wildlife that have adapted to wet environments.

Wetlands can take many different forms, depending on the local climate, water conditions
and land forms and features. For example, swamps are dominated by woody trees or shrubs.
Marshes often have more grass-like plants, such as cattails and bulrushes. Bogs and fens are
areas that accumulate peat – deposits of dead and partly decomposed plant materials that
form organic-rich soil.

Wetlands are important environments for many reasons. They provide ecological services
whose value has been estimated to be worth more than US$47 trillion per year. For
example, wetlands support very high levels of biodiversity. Scientists estimate that 40% of
all species on Earth live or breed in wetlands. Wetlands are critical homes or stopovers for
many species of migratory birds. In the central U.S. and Canada, for example, wetlands in
the so-called prairie pothole region on the Great Plains support up to three-quarters of North
America’s breeding ducks.

Along with providing important habitat for everything from microbes to frogs to waterfowl,
wetlands also work to improve water quality. They can capture surface runoff from cities
and farmlands and work as natural water filters, trapping excess nutrients that otherwise
might create dead zones in lakes and bays. Wetlands can also help remove other pollutants
and trap suspended sediments that cloud water bodies, which can kill aquatic plants and
animals.

Because wetlands are often in low-lying areas of the landscape, they can store and slowly
release surface water. Wetlands can be extremely important for reducing the impacts of
flooding. In some places, water entering wetlands can also recharge groundwater aquifers
that are important for irrigation and drinking water.

Wetlands also act as important carbon sinks. As wetland plants grow, they remove carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere. They die, sink to the bottom of the wetland and decompose
very slowly. Over time, the carbon they contain accumulates in wetland soils, where it can
be stored for hundreds of years. Conserving and restoring wetlands is an important strategy
for regulating greenhouse gases and mitigating the impacts of climate change.

source: https://theconversation.com/what-is-a-wetland-an-ecologist-explains-191495

The author mentions various types of wetlands in paragraph two in order to….

A. compare each type of wetlands formed in certain land forms

B. describe the process of formation for every type of wetlands

C. explain why wetlands formation influenced by local climate

 D. contrast the feature characteristics of wetlands and drylands

E. support the point that they can take many different forms

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. support the point that they can take many different
forms

Pembahasan

Arti soal: “Penulis menyebut berbagai jenis lahan basah dalam paragaf
kedua dalam rangka…”

Untuk menjawab soal ini, kita perlu membaca dan memahami paragraf
kedua, Khusunya, memperkirakan alasan mengapa penulis menyebutkan
jenis-jenis lahan basah. Adapun berikut paragaf 2:

“Wetlands can take many different forms, depending on the local climate,
water conditions and land forms and features. For example, swamps are
dominated by woody trees or shrubs. Marshes often have more grass-like
plants, such as cattails and bulrushes. Bogs and fens are areas that
accumulate peat – deposits of dead and partly decomposed plant
materials that form organic-rich soil.”

Artinya:

“Lahan basah memiliki berbagai bentuk, tergantung pada iklim lokal,

kondisi air dan bentuk dan fitur lahan. Misalnya, Payau didominasi oleh
pohon berkayu atau semak belukar. Rawa sering memiliki lebih banyak
tanaman seperti rumput, seperti cattails dan bulrushes. Gambut dan
riparian adalah daerah yang menumpuk gambut – endapan tanaman mati
dan membusuk yang membentuk tanah yang kaya zat organik.”

Maka, dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahasan utama dari paragraf ini adalah
bahwa lahan basah dapat memilliki berbagai macam bentuk. Maka,
disebutkannya berbagai jenis bentuk lahan dalam paragraf 2 adalah untuk
mendukung pernyataan tersebut.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya: membandingkan setiap jenis lahan basah yang terbentuk pada

bentuk lahan tertentu. Opsi A salah karena bukan alasan yang tepat.

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya: menjelaskan proses pembentukan untuk setiap jenis lahan basah.

Opsi B salah karena bukan alasan yang tepat.

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya: menjelaskan mengapa pembentukan lahan basah dipengaruhi

oleh iklim setempat. Opsi C salah karena bukan alasan yang tepat.

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya: membedakan ciri ciri lahan basah dan lahan kering. Opsi D salah
karena bukan alasan yang tepat.

Opsi E (BENAR)

Artinya: mendukung poin bahwa lahab basah dapat memiliki bentuk yang
berbeda. Opsi E benar karena merupakan alasan yang tepat.
Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 3.

Soal Read the following text and choose the correct option.

Joe Fraser

Do you think breakfast is important?

Karma Wangmo

Breakfast is very important to have a wonderful beginning. For instance, breakfast

make us blissful as the tummy is full and the body is ready to go. Many researchers
prove that by ingesting the very first meal, a person is sure to own a good day.
Many people agree that they have a better day after dinning a morning meal.

Alice Matt

Breakfast is widely considered to be the most important meal of the day, and for
good reason. Eating a healthy breakfast helps to provide our bodies with the fuel
and nutrients we need to get through the morning and the rest of the day. Eating
breakfast can also prevent overeating later in the day and reduce the risk of
developing chronic diseases.

Dhwani Bajwa

Breakfast is very important. By the name suggests ‘Break-Fast’, you fast for hours
whilst asleep, hence when you wake up you have to nourish your body and hydrate
yourself. You should not skip breakfast because it’s the first meal and what you eat
will affect digestion, and how will your body will absorb the nutrients and your body
requires the energy to work for the rest of the day.

Ratnamala Kamath

For me and my family, breakfast is important. For today’s breakfast, I made our
south Indian special Masala Dosa. I didn't make Chutney because if I make the
onion potato bhaaji or palya, nobody eats chutney in my house.

Eileen M

Breakfast is important, it is a marketing slogan from a cereal company. For me, the
most important meal of the day is not breakfast, but it is the one you get the most
from, which probably means balanced meal you eat with friends or family, not
sugary cereal shoved down as you rush out the door. However, I agree if people
consume some balanced and healthy meal in the morning to provide the bodies
with all the essential nutrients it needs to be healthy.

Adapted from https://id.quora.com/

Who explicitly states it is important to have breakfast due to lower the risk of the
chronic illness?

A. Eileen M
B. Ratnamala Kamath
C. Dhwani Bajwa
D. Alice Matt
 E. Karma Wangmo

Pembahasan Opsi yang tepat adalah D karena Alice Matt pada kalimat
terakhirnya menyatakan dengan jelas, “Eating breakfast can
also prevent overeating later in the day and reduce the risk of
developing chronic diseases” yang berarti sarapan dapat
mencegah makan berlebihan dan mengurangi risiko terkena
penyakit kronis. Pada soal disebutkan “to lower the risk of the
chronic illness” yang mana maknanya sama dengan
pernyataan Alice Matt, “……reduce the risk of developing
chronic diseases.”

Opsi A salah karena Eileen tidak menyatakan bahwa

sarapan dapat mengurangi resiko terkena penyakit
kronis.
Opsi B salah karena Ratnamala Karnath tidak
menyatakan bahwa sarapan dapat mengurangi resiko
terkena penyakit kronis.
Opsi C salah karena Dhwani Bajwa tidak menyatakan
bahwa sarapan dapat mengurangi resiko terkena
penyakit kronis.
Opsi E salah karena Karma Wangmo tidak menyatakan
bahwa sarapan dapat mengurangi resiko terkena
penyakit kronis.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 4.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 1

Every year, more people face poverty and hunger and more of the earth’s resources are
ruined. The problems are enormous, but many experts believe that the situation is not
hopeless. The solution will require big changes in how we think about agriculture, food, and
our planet.

First of all, farmers everywhere need to develop methods that are less destructive to the
environment. The change from single crop farming to a mixed crop system would be one
important step. The planting of several different crops improves the soil and helps prevent
erosion. Erosion could also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the
wind. Another way farmers could improve the soil is to avoid deep plowing. In fact, only a
slight plowing is necessary if proper methods are used.

Farmers could also help save the earth’s precious supplies of water and petroleum. To save
water, they could plant more water efficient plants instead of the standard types of wheat or
corn. They could also use watering systems that are much less wasteful. To save petroleum,
farmers could make use of biogas generators which could be fueled by the vegetable and
animal wastes of the farms. In less-developed countries, biogas generators could reduce the
need for firewood and so help save forests, as well.

Which of the following is true about mixed cropping?

A. It reduces erosion and the need for insecticides.

B. It could protect the fields from wind.

C. It increases erosion and the need for insecticides.

 D. It eliminates erosion and the need for insecticides.

E. It does not affect erosion and the need for insecticides

Pembahasan Jawaban : A. It reduces erosion and the need for insecticides.

Pembahasan :

Dari kalimat di paragraf 2 the change from single crop farming to a

mixed crop system would be one important step. The planting of several
different crops improves the soil and helps prevent erosion, bisa diketahui
bahwa mixed cropping akan memperbaiki tanah dan mencegah erosi.
Dari kalimat di paragraf 3 with mixed crops, farmers would need fewer
toxic chemical insecticides, bisa diketahui bahwa dengan mixed crops
para petani bisa mengurangi penggunaan insektisida. Maka jawaban yang
tepat adalah opsi A.

- Opsi B salah, karena mixed cropping/penanaman campuran tidak bisa

melindungi ladang dari angin. Yang bisa melindungi ladang dari angin
adalah dengan menanam pohon, perhatikan kalimat berikut “rosion could
also be prevented by planting trees to protect the fields from the wind.”

- Opsi C salah, karena mixed cropping dapat mengurangi erosi dan

kebutuhan insektisida bukan meningkatkan.

- Opsi D salah, karena dengan menggunakan mixed cropping dapat

meminimalisir adanya erosi dan kebutuhan insektisida bukan
menghilangkan keduanya.

- Opsi E salah, karena penggunaan sistem mixed crop memiliki pengaruh

terhadap erosi dan kebutuhan insektisida yaitu dapat mengurangi erosi
dan kebutuhan akan insektisida.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 5.

Soal The most common causes of tsunamis are underwater earthquakes. To understand
underwater earthquakes, you must first understand plate tectonics. The theory of plate
tectonics suggest that the lithosphere, or top layer of the Earth, is made up of a series of
huge plates. These plates make up the continents and seafloor. They rest on an underlaying
viscous called the asthenosphere.

Think of a pie cut into eight slices. The pie crust would be lithosphere and the hot, sticky
pie filling underneath would be asthenosphere. On the earth, these plates are constantly in
motion, moving along each other at a speed of 1 to 2 inches (2.5-5 cm) per year. The
movement occurs most dramatically along fault lines (where the pie is cut). These motions
are capable of producing earthquakes and volcanism, which, when they occur at the bottom
of the ocean, are two possible sources of tsunamis.

When two plates come into contact at a region known as a plate boundary, a heavier plate
can slip under a lighter one. This is called subduction. Underwater subduction often leaves
enormous “handprints” in the form of deep ocean trenches along the seafloor. In some cases
of subduction, part o the seafloor connected to the lighter plate may “snap up” suddenly due
to pressure from the sinking plate. This result in an earthquake is the point within the earth
where the rupture first seismic waves are generated. The epicenter is the point on the
seafloor directly above the focus.

When this piece of the plate snaps up and sends tons of rock shooting upward with
tremendous force, the energy of that force is transferred to the water. The energy pushes the
water upward above normal sea level. This is the birth of a tsunami. The earthquake that
 generated the December 26, 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean was a 9.0 on the Richter
scale – one of the biggest in record history.

Which of the following best states the topic of this text?

A. The birth of a tsunami

B. The magnitude of tsunami

C. Tsunami in the Indian Ocean

D. Series of huge plates on earth

E. Lithosphare and asthenosphere

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. The birth of a tsunami

Soal : Manakah dari berikut ini yang paling tepat untuk menyatakan topik
teks ini?

Pembahasan: Topik pada teks di atas adalah tentang penybabnya

munculnya tsunami (brith of tsunami). Pernyataan ini dapat dilihat pad
paragraf ke-1 kalimatke-1, yaitu the most common causes of tsunmais.
Alasan tentang penyebabnya terdapat disetiap paragraf

Opsi A (benar)

Artinya Munculnya tsunami

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya Magnitudo tsunami

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya Tsunami di Samudra Hindia

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya Serangkaian piring besar di bumi

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya litosfer dan astenosfer

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 6.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 4

(1) There are numerous consequences due to illegal activities in the forestry sector.
Revenues lost by governments caused by illegal logging results in decrease of their ability
to invest in the forestry sector. This has an effect on poverty levels, primarily because of the
revenue lost by governments. As a result, this reduces their financial capability as well as
the programs that could be implemented to help the poor.

(2) Moreover, poor people are not in a position to influence political bodies. This keeps
them from accessing the forest resource. Finally the resource’s low cost contributes to an
 increase in waste and provides very little incentive to buy timber harvested from forests
managed in a sustainable manner. Inadequate forest law enforcement and governance in
other countries can also threaten sustainable forest management.

(3) As for the direct negative consequences of illegal logging on the wood products
industry, their effect is to simultaneously increase harvesting and increase the availability of
timber, thus lowering the price for producers. The price decrease suffered by producers can
lead to unfair competition, thus reducing the profitability of legal companies. Illegal logging
is a disincentive to sustainable forest management. The illegal timber trade threatens not
only the visibility of legal trade, but also its reputation.

(4) Despite the negative impacts, some stakeholders might benefit from illegal forest
activities, such as consumers who could benefit from lower process and national industries
that could increase their competitiveness by having access to lower timber prices.

(5) Several initiatives have emerged to combat illegal logging and illegal activities in the
forestry sector. Among them, it is important to mention the policy statements issued by
wood producers’ associations, government initiatives which range from procurement
policies to the signature of memoranda of understanding between countries, and the
procurement policies of major centers.

(6) Other more practice solutions are being put forward to reduce illegal logging and trade.
Some if those solutions relate more to timber trade, there is no doubt that forest certification
is seen, for some, as a tool; among many others, that enables control over the illegal wood
trade, especially when it comes to the chain of custody. Also, there are other methods
presently used or put forward to help combat illegal logging and illegal trade. They include
log tracking systems, legality license-based verification system such as labeling, private and
public procurement policies, international cooperation and coordination in trade statistics,
information exchange on illegal logging and illegal trade, and the study of possible trade
related measures.

The paragraph following the passage will most likely discuss ….

A. solution details about timber-trade related methods

B. log certification processes for international markets

C. parties involved in studies on trade related measures

D. examples of cases on methods in combating illegal logging

E. explanation on log tacking and license verification systems

Pembahasan Jawaban : A. solution details about timber-trade related methods

Pembahasan :

Paragraf terakhir membahas tentang solusi terhadap masalah penebangan

dan perdagangan liar dan menyebutkan tentang penyelidikan langkah-
langkah yang berhubungan dengan perdagangan (the study of possible
trade -related measures). Oleh karena itu, paragraf selanjutnya mungkin
membahas tentang rincian solusi metode perdagangan kayu.

- Opsi B salah, karena proses sertifikasi kayu untuk pasar internasional

telah dijelaskan di paragraf terakhir. Perhatikan kalimat berikut “Some if
those solutions relate more to timber trade, there is no doubt that forest
certification is seen, for some, as a tool;…”

- Opsi C salah, karena pihak-pihak yang terlibat dalam perdagangan

ilegal telah dijelaskan di paragraf ke 4.

- Opsi D salah, karena contoh kasus tentang cara-cara pemberantasan

illegal logging telah dijelaskan pada paragraf 4 dan 5.
 - Opsi E salah, karena telah dijelaskan di paragraf ke 4.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 7.

Soal Jessica Carl

Well, Freddie, you may not know it. But this song that you wrote saved my life.
Because of your song, I’m still alive till this day. It seemed impossible at the time
but you made me feel like a champion and that is priceless. All the millions of
pounds you made with this song aren’t match from saving someone from suicide.
As long as we sing your music you shall live forever in our hearts.

Melissa Smith

I like this song. This song seems to convey positive energy to us as listeners.
But why does the vocalist often wear immodest clothes at every concert, it’s not
nice to look at. Do you think it is good on you? Why don’t you wear the normal
and polite clothes. Sorry but I still like the song.

Allan Souz

I knew this song when I was in middle school. My best friend, Mike, told me this
song. At that time, we both lost the competition we participated in. Mike said
that even though we lose, we are still champions of ourselves. Now that I hear
this song it feels nostalgic. Even though now Mike is no longer beside me, no
longer in this world, I just want to say that you’re a champion, Mike.

Ray Raynold

I didn’t know. At that moment I wanted to end my life because everything was
falling apart, my life was falling apart from all sides. But suddenly I remembered
your song and it raised me up. I really love and live this part of the lyrics “We’ll
keep on fighting till the end” So much thanks, your song is a part of my life.

Adapted from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KXw8Crapg7k

From all their comments about We Are the Champions song, it can be
concluded that …

A. They do not like the song

B. They like the song with each different story they have
C. They do not know the message conveyed in the song
D. They sing the song everyday

E. They like the song but do not like the vocalist

Pembahasan Opsi B benar karena terlihat dari masing-masing komentar

bahwa mereka menyukai lagu tersebut dengan cerita yang
beragam.
 Opsi A salah karena tidak ada yang menyatakan bahwa
mereka tidak menyukai lagu tersebut.
Opsi C salah karena mereka tahu apa yang disampaikan
dari lagu tersebut.
Opsi D salah karena tidak ada satupun dari mereka yang
menyatakan bahwa mereka menyanyikan lagu tersebut
setiap hari.
Opsi E salah karena yang berkomentar tentang
ketidaksukaan kepada vokalis hanyalah Melissa Smith,
bukan semua yang berkomentar.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 8.

Soal Interns – college students or recent graduates who work for a company in exchange for the
opportunity to gain work experience can be a great asset to any company, whether large or
small.

Some companies complain that interns are a drain on their resources. Because of their lack
of experience, interns may require close supervision and lots of support. However, the
anthusiasm, energy, and creativity they bring to the workplace can more than make up for
this. Really, good interns can become permanent staff members, and the advantage is that
they will already be familiar with the work and the company. Interns are far more than a just
a supply of unpaid help. They have many positive contribution to make.

What is this article mainly about?

A. How to train interns

B. Where to find interns

C. The diffilcuties of interns

D. The advantages of interns

A. E. How to be an intern

Pembahasan Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:.

Maksud pertanyaan ini adalah artikel ini menceritakan tentang apa. Dari
kalimat pertama kita bisa mengambil kesimpulan bahwa artikel ini
tentang keuntungan dari yang magang

Opsi A (Salah)

Artiya bagaimana melatih yang magang

Opsi B (Salah)

Artinya dimana mendapatkan yang magang

Opsi C (Salah)

Artinya kesulitan yang magang

Opsi D (Benar)

Artinya keuntungan dari yang magang

 Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya bagaimana menjadi siswa magang

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 9.

Soal One day, a young farm boy named eragon finds a blue stone while hunting and tries to sell it
for money. Unsuccessful in his attempts, he takes the stone back to his cabin and lets it sit
there until it hatches into a beautiful blue dragon. Eragon realizes he can talk to this secret
heroes called the Riders.

With the help of brom, a wise man, Eragon matures into his destiny. The challenges he faces
include fighting a long-standing war, helping an ethereal elf, and dealing with tragedy and
revenge. Certain details, such as Eragon’s revelation that he cannot read, develop this rich
work and blend together to produce a number of plot twists. The story builds suspense
steadily until the end.

Remarkably, author Chrisoper Paolini began writing Eragon at the age of 15. Now 19, he
has already established himself a an exciting new creator whose influence include Tolkien,
Mccaffrey, and others. His world is intricate, his characters believable, and his writing
engaging.

Both casual readers and hardcore fans of fantasy and science fiction novels will be
enchanted by this well crafted fantasy and unquestionably will look forward to part two and
three of this exciting trilogy.

How eragon talks to his dragon ?

A. With his mind

B. With a blue stone

C. With his smartness

D. With secret language

E. With the help of a wise man

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. With his mind

Soal : Bagaimana eragon berbicara dengan naganya?

Pembahasan: Paragraf pertama kalimat terkahir menyatakan bahw dia

bisa berbicara dengan pikirannya (Eragon realizes he can talk to this
secret pet dragon with his mind).

Opsi A (benar)

Artinya yaitu dengan pikirannya

Opsi B (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan batu biru

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan kecerdasaanya

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan Bahasa rahasia

 Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya yaitu dengan pertolongan orang bijak

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 10.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 3

A forgotten issue in urbanism is land use during the night time, with problems such as noise
and dirt, which could be improved with information from Twitter. At least this is what
Enrique and Vanessa Frias Martinez believe, computer science researchers at Telephonic
Research and the University of Maryland (USA) respectively, who have suggested using
delocalized tweets for urban planning and land use.

Enrique Frias Martinez explained that delocalized tweets can be very useful source of
information for planning since it is an activity carried out by a large number of people who
provide information on where they are at a specific time and what they are doing. The
researcher points out that thanks to the increased use of smartphones, social networks like
Twitter and Facebook have made it possible to access and produce information
ubiquitously.

These networks generate tags with the event’s relocation. The new technique “automatically
determines land use in urban areas by grouping together geographical regions with similar
patterns of Twitter activity,” says the researcher. Using aggregate activity of tweets, the
Frias-Martinez siblings have studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid, and London. In the
first two cases they identified four uses; residential, business, daytime leisure (mainly parks
and tourist areas) and nightlife areas. The study has determined that, in Madrid, nighttime
tweet activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on weekdays. On the other
hand, London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure areas.

According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE about the study?

A. It is shown that people in London mostly tweet in daytime leisure areas.

B. The focus of the study is land use in Manhattan, Madrid and London.

C. Residential, business, daytime leisure and nightlife areas could be identified.

D. Manhattan and Madrid’s night-time tweet activities are concentrated differently.

E. The researchers could identify four and uses in Manhattan, Madrid and London.

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. The researchers could identify four and uses in

Manhattan, Madrid and London.

Pembahasan:

Pernyataan yang tidak benar terhadap penelitian tersebut adalah para

peneliti dapat mengidentifikasi empat fungsi lahan di Manhattan, Madrid,
dan London. Kalimat tersebut tidak disebutkan dalam teks. Yang ada
pada teks adalah Frias-Martinez telah mempelajari penggunaan lahan di
Mahanttan, Mandrid, dan london. Dalam dua kasus pertama, mereka
mengidentifikasi 4 penggunaan;perumahan, bisnis, rekreasi dan area
kehidupan malam.

- Opsi A salah, karena pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan teks diatas.

“London is characterized by its tweeting activity in daytime leisure
areas.”
 - Opsi B salah, karena pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan teks diatas.
“have studied land use in Manhattan, Madrid, and London.”

- Opsi C salah, karena pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan teks diatas. “in
the first two cases they identified four uses; residential, business, daytime
leisure (mainly parks and tourist areas) and nightlife areas.”

- Opsi D salah, karena karena pernyataan tersebut sesuai dengan teks

diatas. “The study has determined that, in Madrid, nighttime tweet
activity is concentrated on weekends and in Manhattan, on weekdays.”

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 11.

Soal Chronic Lateness Learning to leave It Behind

Everyone is late sometimes. But do you know anyone who is always late? Do you think
there is a reason why some people are chronically late? Read the article to find out.

At the theatre, she disrupts the first act as she climbs over your knees toward her seat. When
your doorbell rings on Saturday night, long after your other guests have begun eating, you
know he has arrived for dinner. At work, you don’t expect her at your 9:00 a.m. meeting.

They are latecomers and doesn’t matter if they wear a watch or use an alarm clock. Lateness
is their way of life.

Chronic lateness has spoiled friendship, and it’s a habit that has caused people to lose their
jobs. Why, then, are so many people late?

“Not arriving on time can be a form of avoidance,” says Dr. Richard Kravitz, a psychiatrist
at Yale-new Haven Medical center in Connecticut. “You are late for a party, maybe, or
coming home from work, because you don’t want to be where you’re supposed to be.”

Other reasons for chronic lateness are more complex. Dr. Kravitz suggests that some
latecomers may have masochistic tendencies. They know that their lateness will cause
anger, and this serves their deep need to be punished. Alternatively, some latecomers may
have a sadistic motive. For them, forcing someone to wait is a way of expressing anger or
resentment.

Dr. Herbert Fensterheim, a psychologist in New York Cornell Medical Center, agrees that
lateness can be used as a weapon with which to strike out someone. However, he adds that
for some people lateness is nothing more than a habit learned in childhood from a parent or
an older brother or sister who also ran late. For others, lateness is a result of an inability to
judge time. There are also those who are so easily distracted that they simply “lose track” of
time, while others never learn to estimate or leave the time they need to keep on schedule.

As for those of us who wait, we can set limits as to how long we will stay before leaving.
When, appropriate, we can make our anger known. And though it is true that being prompt
can be as compulsive as being late, Shakespeare advised this: “Better three hours too soon
than a minute to late.”

Herbert Fensterheim is a … from the US.

A. Physicist

B. Medic

C. Psychologist

D. Carpenter
 E. Surgeon

Pembahasan Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:

Pertanyaan disoal ini adalah Herbert Fensterheim adalah seorang … yang

berasal dari US. Jawabannya dapat kita temukan dikalimat ‘’ Dr. Herbert
Fensterheim, a psychologist in New York Cornell Medical Center’’. Dia
adalah seorag psikolog dari Amerika Serikat

Opsi A (Salah)

Artinya psikiater

Opsi B (Salah)

Artinya medis

Opsi C (Benar)

Artinya psikolog

Opsi D (Salah)

Artinya tukang kayu

Opsi E (Salah)

Artinya ahli bedah

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 12.

Soal Forget lions, tigers, and bears. When it comes to the art of war, army ants are among the
most frightening creatures non earth. With powerful mouth parts, these fighters can
skillfully cut creatures much larger than themselves into pieces. Acting together in great
numbers, army ant colonies succeed at making tens of thousand of such kills each days.
Their capabilities do have limits, though. Contrary to popular belief, they almost never take
down large animals or people.

One of the best places to observe army ants is Barro Colorado, an island in a lake created by
the Panama Canal. The island is home to as many as 50 colonies of Eciton Burchellii, the
most studied army ant in the world. It is one of 150 types of army ants in the New World.
More than 170 other types live in Asia,Africa and Australia.

The colonies of this army ant are huge, ranging from 300,000 to 700,000 ants. They never
stay in one place long, moving from nest site to nest sit. Lingking legs together, they use
their own bodies to from enormous nests called bivouacs, which they hang beneath a fallen
tree. There they stay for about 20 days as the queen lays as many as 300,000 eggs.

When the ants go hunting, as many as 200,000 of them leave the nest in a group that
broadens into a fan as wide as 14 maters. This swarm raid takes a slightly different course
each day, allowing the hunters to covers fresh ground each time.

Protecting the ants wherever they go are the soldiers, recognizable by their overside jaws. If
their frightening look don’t scare enemies away, soldier also have a powerful bite and attack
is often suicidal. Because their jaws are shaped like fishhook, the soldiers can’t pull them
out again. Amazonian tribes have used soldiers ants to close wounds, breaking off the
bodies and leaving the head in place.
 Eciton Burchellii are blind and can’t see what’s ahead of them, but they move together in
such great numbers that they easily kill the non-army ants, insects, and other small creatures
that constitute their prey. When the groups happen upon a break in the path, ants
immediately link legs togethers and from living bridges so that the groups can move
forwards without any delay.

In Japanese the word ant is written by linking two characters: one meaning “insect” the
other meaning “loyalty”. Indeed, individual ants are completely loyal to their fellow ants.
They display many examples of selfless cooperation that, while certainly extreme, can’t fail
to win human admiration.

Which of the following statements about soldier ants NOT true ?

A. People can use them to close wounds

B. They can see nothing a head of them

C. They have powerful bites

D. They lay many eggs

E. They link their legs together to from a living bridge

Pembahasan Jawaban: D. They lay many eggs

Soal : Manakah dari pernyataan berikut tentang semut prajurit yang

TIDAK benar?

Pembahasan: Pada paragraf ke 3 wacana soal dengan jelas disebutkan

bahwa yang bertelur adalah the queen bukan soldier ant. Pernyataan ini
bertentangan dengan opsi D.

Opsi A (salah)

Opsi A artinya Orang bisa menggunakannya untuk menutup luka

Opsi B (salah)

Opsi B artinya Mereka tidak dapat melihat apa pun di kepala mereka

Opsi C (salah)

Opsi C yaitu Mereka memiliki gigitan yang kuat

Opsi D (benar)

Opsi D yaitu Mereka bertelur banyak

Opsi E (Salah)

Opsi E yaitu Mereka menghubungkan kaki mereka bersama-sama dari

jembatan yang hidup

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 13.

Soal The MV AcademicShokalskiy, a “highly ice-strengthened”Russian tour ship built in Finland

in 1984 “for polar and oceanographic research” is stranded in Antartica’s summer ice with
74 passengers and crew members aboard. The group, which includes two Guardian
journalist is retracing the harrowing 1911 Antarctic expedition led by Sir Douglas Mawson,
who lost many of his team members and nearly died himself on the frigid continent a
century ago.
 The ship’s passengers include an Australian research team led by University of New South
Wales Professor Chris Turney, who said in November that the voluminous data collected by
Mawson 100 years ago is critical to understanding global warming. But Turney reported
that blizzard-like conditions and thick ocean ice are preventing the latest expedition from
leaving “Unfortunatly proceeding north we found out path blocked by ice pushed in by an
increasingly strong southeasterly wind. On Christmas eve realized we could not get through,
in spite of being just 2 nautical miles from open water.” Turney report in his blog.

“According to reports nobody is in present danger and there nearby icebreakers are being
sent to assis”, sain Expeditions online.com, which books polar expeditions. The ship is
stuck par-way through her Australian Antarctic Expedition towards Mawson’s Hut at Cape
Denison. Located about 100 nautical miles east of Dumoni D’unville a French base on
Antartica, and 1500 nautical miles south of Hobart in Tasmania.

Three icebreakers-China’s Xue Long. Australia’s Aurora Australis, and France’s

L’Astrolabe-have been dispatched to the Australian maritime Safety Authority (AMSA),
which is coordinating the international rescue after the Falmouth Maritime Rescue
Coordinator Centre in the United Kingdom received a satellite distress call Christmas
morning. However, it will take the icebreakers at least two days to get to the stranded ship,
which is experiencing very strong winds and limited visibility. The closest rescue ship is not
expected to get to the scane until sometimes Friday nght.

“Which it is early winter in the Arctic, it is early summer in the Antarctic. Continuing
patterns seen in recnt years. Antarctic sea ice extent remain unusually high, near of above
previous daily maximum values,” according to the National Snow and ice Data Center
(NSIDC)

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “frigid” (paragraph 1) ?

A. Far away

B. Far isolated

C. Very remote

D. Extremely cold

E. Competely frozen

Pembahasan Jawaban: E. Competely frozen

Soal : Manakah dari berikut ini yang paling dekat artinya dengan kata
"dingin" (paragraf 1)?

Pembahasan: Makna yang tepat untuk menggantikan “frigid” adalah

completely frozen. Frase in di hubungkan dengan kebutuhan wacana soal
yang dikaitkan dengan continent (benua)

Opsi A (salah)

Opsi A artinya menjauh

Opsi B (salah)

Opsi B artinya jauh terisolasi

Opsi C (salah)

Opsi C yaitu sangat jauh

Opsi D (salah)

Opsi D yaitu sangat dingin

 Opsi E (benar)

Opsi E yaitu benar benar beku

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 14.

Soal Children Need to Go on School Trip

I think children should go on a scholl trip because of some reasons.

Firstly, they can have fun after studying intensively for months. Having fun is important
because it can eliminate stress. As we know, continuous learning can make children stressed
out. It is nice to let them express themselves on school trip.

Secondly, they will learn new things about new places. School trip destinations can be zoos,
historical places, or tourism resorts. Not all children have the opportunity to visit these place
during school. This can be a golden opportunity for them extend their knowledge.

Finally, children should have to go on excursions to learn how to behave in society. They
can learn how to talk to strangers. In this case, they can learn by talking to locals, guides,
and tourists. They can also learn to respect other cultures. They are expected to be able to
uphold good behaviour wherever they are.

To sum up, children can have fun, learn new things about new places and learn how to
behave by going on excursions. These are the reasons why I think it is important for
children to go on a school trip.

How many arguments are presented in the text above?

A. 1

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

E. 5

Pembahasan Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:

Berapa argument yang dipresentasikan diteks tersebut?. Kita dapat

mengetahui jumlah argument yang disampaikan oleh penulis adalah tiga
argument/pendapat. Dari urutan nomor seperti firstly, second,and finally.

Opsi A (Salah)

Terdapat1 argumen yang diutarakan

Opsi B (Salah)

Terdapat 2 argumen yang diutarakan

Opsi C (Benar)

Terdapat 3 argumen yang diutarakan

Opsi D (Salah)
 Terdapat 4 argumen yang diutarakan

Opsi E (Salah)

Terdapat 5 argumen yang diutarakan

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 15.

Soal Passage A

Thomas Jefferson could do many things. As a young man, he was a farmer and a lawyer in
Virginia. He was also a scientist, an inventor, a philosopher, and an architect. He designed
his own home, called Montecello. He could communicate in French, Italian, Spanish, Latin,
and Greek.

Many of jefferson’s ideas became basic principles of the government of the United States.
For example, he believed that "all men are created equal". That is we are born the same and
should receive the same treatment under the law. He also said that power must come form
“the consent free elections, a free press, and free speech”.

Thomas Jefferson held many important government jobs. He was ambassador to France,
Secretary of State (under George Washington), Vice President under John Adams), and the
huge Louisiana territory for the United States from France. However, he was killed on April
1865 by a well -know actor and Confederate sympathizer, john Wilkes Booth at Ford’s
Theater in Washington D.C.

Passage B

John F. Kennedy was President for only three years, from 1961 to 1963, but his personality
and ideas changes America. He was both the first Roman Catholic and the youngest
President in history of the country. He set clear goals for America. For example, he
promised that the United States would land a man on the moon before 1970.

Kennedy supported the ideas of Martin Luther King, Jr. and fought for civil rights, fair
housing, and program to stop poverty. He asked Congress for more money for education
and medical care for elderly people.

Kennedy was against Communism. For example, when the Soviet Union put missiles in
Cuba, he sent US ships to surround the island. But he believed that the best way to fight
Communism was not by sending armies bt by attacking poverty and injustice. He started the
Peace Corps and sent Americans to over sixty countries n Africa, Asia and South Africa.
These young volunteers worked and lived with the people, built school, and taught farmers
more modern methods. Kennedy was a man for the future. He worked to shop the testing of
nuclear weapons. But on November 22, 1963, he was assassinated.

The topic discussed in both passage is…

A. great deeds done by two president of the US

B. the two brilliant and charismatic US president

C. the risk of getting killed for being a US president

D. intentions of two men become the US president

E. efforts of US president to fight againts Communism

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. the two brilliant and charismatic US president

Soal : Topik yang dibahas dalam kedua bagian tersebut adalah…

 Pembahasan: Topik wacana soal adalah The two brilliant and
charismatic U.S presidents. Pernyataan tersebut di pertegas pada teks A
yang menggambarkan presiden Thomas Jefferson dan Teks B yang
menggambarkan kepemimpinan dari John F. Kennedy.

Opsi A (salah)

Artinya perbuatan besar yang dilakukan oleh dua presiden AS

Opsi B (benar)

Artinya dua presiden AS yang brilian dan karismatik

Opsi C (salah)

Artinya risiko terbunuh karena menjadi presiden AS

Opsi D (salah)

Artinya niat dua orang menjadi presiden AS

Opsi E (salah)

Artinya upaya presiden AS untuk melawan komunisme

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 16.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 5

Banana peels can be used to purify drinking water contaminated with toxic heavy metals
such as cooper and lead, according to a study. Researchers from the Bioscience Institute at
Botucatu, Brazil, said that the peels can out- perform even conventional purifiers such as
aluminum oxide, cellulose and silica. These have potentially toxic side effects and are
expensive. The team's method follows previous work that showed that plant parts, such as
apple and sugar cane wastes, coconut fibers and peanut shells, can remove toxins from
water. These natural materials contain chemicals that have an affinity for metals.

In the process, the researchers dried the peels in the sun for a week, ground them and added
them to river water containing known concentrations of copper and lead. They found that
the peels absorbed 97 per cent of the metals after just one hour. The peels were tested in the
lab and worked perfectly. Eventually their efficiently reduces, at which point the metals
should be removed from the peels so that they can be disposed of safely. In addition, they
said that al- though the peels were tested only on copper and lead, the material could also
work on cadmium, nickel and zinc. But they warned that this sort of filter is better suited to
industrial purposes and cannot be used for water purification at home as the extraction
capacity of banana peels depends on the particle on the particle size of the heavy metals-and
this is difficult to measure. Dimitris Kalderis, from the Technical University of Crete,
Greece, said: "The results are very promising and the banana peel processes has proven to
be a cost-effective and quick alternative to conventional methods," The knowledge is there,
what we need now is innovation and construction."

The word "these" in sentence "These have potentially toxic...." (Paragraph 1) is refer to …

A. conventional purifiers

B. natural materials

C. heavy metals

D. banana peels
 E. toxic effects

Pembahasan Jawaban: A. conventional purifiers

Pembahasan:

Kata ganti "these" pada kalimat Researchers from the Bioscience Institute
at Botucatu, Brazil, said that the skins can outperform even conventional
purifiers such as aluminum oxide, cellulose and silica. These have
potentially toxic side effects and are expensive. Kata “these” tersebut
mengacu pada kata benda jamak yang sebelumnya disebut, yaitu
conventional purifiers.

- Opsi B salah, karena kata natural materials tidak ada dikalimat sebelum
kata “these”, dan tidak merujuk kepada natural materials.

- Opsi C salah, karena kata heavy metals tidak ada pada kalimat tersebut.

- Opsi D salah, karena kalimat tersebut sedang tidak menceritakan banana

peels, sehingga kata “these” tidak merujuk kepada kata tersebut.

- Opsi E salah, karena kata toxic effect berada di setelah kata these,
sedangakan kata rujukan these, merujuk kepada kalimat sebelumnya.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 17.

Soal Read the following the text, then choose the correct answer by crossing A, B, C, D OR E!

Text 3

(1) The information and communication technology revolution can be easily recognized as
the latest revolution in history of mankind, impacting every facet of business, society, and
life worldwide with a speed beyond imagination. The last centuries have seen a continuous
evolution process, which started with industrial revolution at the end of 18th century. This
revolution has its roots in the invention of the first electronic computers in the 1940s,
continued with the development of information technology during following decades and
exploded in the early 1990s. In the 1960s and 1970s, computer technology was mainly
utilized in business data processing and scientific applications of a mostly number
crunching nature. As a result, the use of this technology was limited to those who had a
good command of these systems and computer programming languages. With the invention
of micro- processors a new idea of distributed information established itself and computers
became available on a personal basis. The contemporary development of networking both
on a local and a wide area (LAN and WAN) merged computer and information technology
with telecommunication. In 1980s the matching of the two technologies led to the
information communication technology, with a strong focus on the management and
dissemination of information by both providers and users.

(2) The most noticeable explosion in the information and communication technology
revolution was the creation of the World Wide Web (WWW) and its potential in the early
1990s. During the past two decades, WWW technologies have become the driving force in
allowing people worldwide to communicate and exchange information in ways that have
created a totally new dimension for mankind, at such a point that "global villages" are the
words today better describing our planet. In recent years, through the use of web-enabled
technologies, organizations of all types and sizes around the world have managed to utilize
these technologies to conduct both information processing and dissemination with their
perspective customers, suppliers, students, and governments. These technologies, now
allowing readily available information for everyone regardless of their geographic location.
bring the true meaning of the information age to its full realization and prepare a new era
for mankind; the knowledge society.
 (3) In recent years, the science of understanding the nature of information processing and
management combined with computer and telecommunication technologies to process,
disseminate, and manage information has become known as "information and
communication science and technology. It has many resources and components and
originated many new disciplines but, what is more, it intervenes in changing mankind's
habits and lifestyle.

In which paragraph of the text does the author mention that everyone information
anywhere?

A. Paragraph 1

B. Paragraph 2

C. Paragraph 3

D. Paragraph 1 & 2

E. Paragraph 2 & 3

Pembahasan Jawaban: B. Paragraph 2

Pembahasan:

Pada paragraf 2 kalimat terakhir terdapat informasi bahwa setiap orang

tanpa melihat lokasinya bisa mendapatkan informasi lewat WWW.
"These technologies, now allowing readily available information for
everyone regardless of their geographic location, bring the true meaning
of the information age to its full realization and prepare a new era for
mankind; the knowledge society.” Maka penulis menyebutkan bahwa
“setiap orang memiliki informasi dimana saja” dijelaskan pada paragraf
ke dua. Jawaban yang tepat adalah opsi B.

- Opsi A salah, karena isi dari paragraf ke satu menjelaskan tentang

perkembangan teknologi di abad 18 ketika revolusi industri, kemudian
ditemukannya pertama kali computer.

- Opsi C salah, karena isi dari paragraf ke tiga menjelaskan tentang

penyebaran ilmu TIK atau ilmu teknologi dan komunikasi.

- Opsi D salah, karena paragraf ke satu tidak menjelaskan bahwa setiap

orang memiliki informasi dimana saja, kutipan tersebut hanya disebutkan
pada paragraf kedua.

- Opsi E salah, karena paragarf ke tiga tidak menjelaskan bahwa setiap

orang memiliki informasi dimana saja, kutipan tersebut hanya disebutkan
pada paragraf kedua.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 18.

Soal Text 1

It is well known that people who have lived through traumatic events like
sexual assault, domestic abuse, or violent combat can experience symptoms of
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including terrifying flashbacks, severe
anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the incident. But what exactly happens
in the brains of PTSD patients as they recall these traumatic events? Are they
remembered the same way as, say, the loss of a beloved pet -- or, for that matter, a
relaxing walk on the beach?
 A new study co-led by Yale researchers finds that the brain activity triggered by
recollections of traumatic experiences among people with PTSD is in fact markedly
different from that which occurs when remembering sad or "neutral" life
experiences. In the study, which involved 28 different patients diagnosed with
PTSD, researchers found that brain patterns were consistent across all individuals
when they recalled their more typical life experiences. But when reminded of
traumatic events from their past, neural responses differed significantly among the
individuals.

"When people recall sad or neutral events from their past experience, the brain
exhibits highly synchronous activity among all PTSD patients," said Yale's Ilan
Harpaz-Rotem, professor of psychiatry and psychology at Yale and co-senior
author of the paper.

"They are not like memories at all."

The study, conducted with researchers at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount

Sinai in New York, is published November 30 in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

Text 2

The researchers found that activity in the hippocampus -- the area of the brain
that forms memories of our experiences -- followed similar patterns of activity
among all subjects when they were reminded of sad or relaxing experiences from
their lives, suggesting typical normal memory formation.

But when stories about their traumatic experiences were read back to them, the
similarities in hippocampal activity among the group members disappeared.
Instead, the hippocampus of each subject exhibited highly individualized and
fragmented activity, unlike the more synchronous patterns of brain activity during
normal memory formation.

The results could explain why PTSD patients have difficulty recalling traumatic
experiences in a coherent way and hints at why these past experiences can trigger
disabling symptoms, the researchers say. These insights may help
psychotherapists guide PTSD patients to develop narratives about their
experiences which may help them eliminate the sense of immediate threat caused
by their trauma, Harpaz-Rotem said. With this research, we expect the society will
become more aware and concerned about mental health.

Adapted from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231130113032.htm

Why are texts 1 and 2 related to each other?

A. Both texts describe the process of research into different brain activity
triggered by memories of trauma in PTSD patients
B. Both texts explain the types of things that traumatize PTSD patients
C. Both texts describe the number of people diagnosed with PTSD
D. Both texts explain the assistance provided by psychiatrists and the
closest ones to PTSD patients
E. Both texts explain the parts of the human brain
Pembahasan Opsi A benar karena terlihat baik itu dari teks 1 maupun teks 2
membahas mengenai penelitian yang dilakukan untuk
mengetahui bagaimana beberapa peristiwa traumatis memicu
para pasien PTSD.

Opsi B salah karena pembahasan tidak terfokus pada

jenis-jenis peristiwa traumatis.
Opsi C salah karena tidak ada pembahasan mengenai
jumlah orang yang mengidap PTSD.
Opsi D salah karena pada kedua teks tidak dijelaskan
bentuk penanganan dari ahli dan orang terdekat untuk
pasien PTSD.
Opsi E salah karena kedua teks tersebut tidak
menjelaskan mengenai bagian-bagian otak manusia.
Memang pada teks 2 ada penjelasan mengenai bagian
otak, tapi itu hanyalah satu bagian otak saja, tidak semua
bagian dijelaskan.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 19.

Soal Green plants use light to transform carbon dioxide, absorbed from the atmosphere, and
water into organic componds, with oxygn as a by-product. The process is called
photosynthesis, and it enables forests like Ulu Masen, Aceh Jaya, to play a critical role in
regulating our climate.

Forests store an estimated 300 billion tons of carbon, or the equivalent of 40 times the
world’s total annual greenhouse-gas emission that cause global warming. Destroy the trees
and you release that carbon into the atmosphere, putting the great challenge of our age,
averting catastrophic climate change beyond reach. Forest destruction accounts for 15% of
global emmisions by human activity, far out ranking the total from vehicles and aircraft
combined.

Forests are disappearing so fast in Indonesia that, incredibly this developing country ranks
third in emmisions behind industrial giants China and the U.S. Since 1950, estimated
Greenpeace, more than 182 million acres (740,000 sq km) of Indonesian forests, the
equivalent of more than 95 Ulu Masens, have been destroyed or degraded.

The good news is that protecting forests “is on of the easiest and cheapest ways to take a big
bite out of the apple when it comes to emmisions,” says Greenpeace spokesman Daniel
Kessler. Ulu Masen will be one of the first forests to be protected under a pioneering U.N
Program called REDD (Reducing Emmisions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in
Developing Countries) that offers a powerful financial incentive to keep forests intact.

Which of the following best describes link between paragraphs 3 and 4 ?

A. Cases—Example

B. Explanation—Solution

C. Challenges—Explanation

D. Problems—Solution

E. Issues--Example
Pembahasan Jawaban: D. Problems—Solution

Soal : Manakah dari berikut ini yang paling menggambarkan hubungan

antara paragraf 3 dan 4?

Pembahasan: Paragraf ke-3 menjelaskan masalah-masalah yang timbul

akibat gas emisi dari rumah kaca secara global dalam setahun. Hal ini
disebabkan oleh ulah manusia, penggunaan kendaraan dan pesawat.
Sedangkan paragraf 4 menjelaskan tentang solusi yang dapat dilakukan.

Opsi A (salah)

Arti kata ini adalah Kasus—Contoh

Opsi B (salah)

Arti kata ini adalah Penjelasan—Solusi

Opsi C (salah)

Arti kata ini adalah Tantangan—Penjelasan

Opsi D (Benar)

Arti kata ini adalah Masalah—Solusi

Opsi E (salah)

Arti kata ini adalah Masalah--Contoh

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris

Nomor 20.

Soal Text 1

It is well known that people who have lived through traumatic events like
sexual assault, domestic abuse, or violent combat can experience symptoms of
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including terrifying flashbacks, severe
anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the incident. But what exactly happens
in the brains of PTSD patients as they recall these traumatic events? Are they
remembered the same way as, say, the loss of a beloved pet -- or, for that matter, a
relaxing walk on the beach?

A new study co-led by Yale researchers finds that the brain activity triggered by
recollections of traumatic experiences among people with PTSD is in fact markedly
different from that which occurs when remembering sad or "neutral" life
experiences. In the study, which involved 28 different patients diagnosed with
PTSD, researchers found that brain patterns were consistent across all individuals
when they recalled their more typical life experiences. But when reminded of
traumatic events from their past, neural responses differed significantly among the
individuals.

"When people recall sad or neutral events from their past experience, the brain
exhibits highly synchronous activity among all PTSD patients," said Yale's Ilan
Harpaz-Rotem, professor of psychiatry and psychology at Yale and co-senior
author of the paper.

"They are not like memories at all."

 The study, conducted with researchers at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount
Sinai in New York, is published November 30 in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

Text 2

The researchers found that activity in the hippocampus -- the area of the brain
that forms memories of our experiences -- followed similar patterns of activity
among all subjects when they were reminded of sad or relaxing experiences from
their lives, suggesting typical normal memory formation.

But when stories about their traumatic experiences were read back to them, the
similarities in hippocampal activity among the group members disappeared.
Instead, the hippocampus of each subject exhibited highly individualized and
fragmented activity, unlike the more synchronous patterns of brain activity during
normal memory formation.

The results could explain why PTSD patients have difficulty recalling traumatic
experiences in a coherent way and hints at why these past experiences can trigger
disabling symptoms, the researchers say. These insights may help
psychotherapists guide PTSD patients to develop narratives about their
experiences which may help them eliminate the sense of immediate threat caused
by their trauma, Harpaz-Rotem said. With this research, we expect the society will
become more aware and concerned about mental health.

Adapted from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231130113032.htm

The underlined word “They” in text 1 refers to….

A. PTSD patients
B. The researchers
C. The psychotherapists
D. Perpetrators of violence

E. Perpetrators of harassment

Pembahasan Opsi A benar karena pada kalimat sebelumnya dikatakan PTSD

patients, maka kata “mereka” tersebut merujuk kepada pasien
PTSD.

Opsi B salah karena pada kalimat sebelumnya tidak

membahas mengenai para peneliti yang meneliti kasus
ini.
Opsi C salah karena pada kalimat sebelumnya tidak
membahas mengenai para psikoterapis. Mengenai
psikoterapis ini baru dibahas pada teks 2 paragraf 3.
Opsi D salah karena pada kalimat sebelumnya tidak
membahas mengenai para pelaku kekerasan.
Opsi E salah karena pada kalimat sebelumnya tidak
membahas mengenai para pelaku pelecehan.

Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris