apl-Zv

alm-\mb {]hm-N-I
s{]m^. sI.-F-kv. cma-Ir-jvW-dmhp

hnh\w:

s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-o

Ckvem-anIv ]n-jnwKv lukv

tImgn-tmSv, Xncp-h-\--]p-cw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, Xriq, Iq, ae-pdw

-
2 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

apl-Zv
Atd-_y acp-`q-an-bn-emWv apl--Zns P\\w. apkvenw Ncn-{XIm- c - m- c psS A`n- { ]m- b - n {Inkv X p- h jw 571 G{]n 20- \ v .
"At-bw kvXpXn--s-Sp--h' FmWv apl-Zv F ]Z-n\Yw. Atd_y-bpsS k-Xn-I-fn AXyp--X-\m-W-tlw. A\`n-K-ay-amb B sskI-X-`q-hn At-l-nv aptm ]ntm Pohn
k{am-p-I-sf-mfpw Ihn-t{i-jvT-sc-mfpw F{Xtbm aSv D-X.
Atlw kam-K-X-\m-hp-tm Atd_y Hcp acp-`qan am{X-am-bn-cpp
shdp-samcp iq\yX. B iq\y-X-bn\nv Hcp ]pXnb temIw cq]w
sIm-p...-Hcp ]pXnb PohnXw, Hcp ]pXnb kwkvImcw, Hcp ]pXnb
\mK-cn-I-X, Hcp ]pXnb km{amPyw; samtdmtm apX CUokv
hsc hym]n-p-In-S Hcp km{amPyw. Gjy, B{^n, bqtdm]v Fo
aqv hI-c-I-fpsS Pohn-X-nepw Nn-bnepw kzm[o\w sNep-nb
Hcp km{amPyw. apl--Zm-bn-cpp AXns inev]n.
aX- Xn
{]hm-N-I-\mb apl--Zn-s\-p-dnv Fgp-Xm-s\m-cp-n-b-tm Hcp
ktlw; Rm kzoI-cn-n-n-m Hcp aX-s-p-dn-m-Wtm FgpXm t]mIp- - s Xv ! B aX- nXs hnhn[ Nnm- [ m- c bpsm--hcpw hyXykvX hn`m-K--fp-ap-m-bn-cns hnti-jnpw
hnj-a-I-c-am-WXv. aXw XnIpw hyn-K-X-am-sWv hmZn-m-sa-nepw
Zriyhpw AZr-iy-hp-amb Cu {]]-s apgp-h Dsm-m-\p
Ignhv AXn-p-s-Xv A\n-tj-[y-at{X. AXv Nne-tm \psS
lrZ- b - nepw Bm- h nepw a\- ns t_m[D]- t _m[ Xe- fnepw At_m-[-a-\-n t]mepw IS-p-sNv \ndp \nevpw.
\psS `qXhpw `mhnbpw h-am-\hpw, arZp-ehpw t\cn-b-Xp-amb

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

Hcp ]p-\q-en Xqn-\n-evp-I-bm-sW Hcp hnizmkw ChnsS inbmbn \ne-\n-evp--Xp-aqew Cu {]iv\w hfsc Kpcp-X-c-am-bn-ocpp. \mw IqSp-X-embn sshIm-cn-Im-th-i-n--Sn-a-s-Sp--tXmsS
a\-ns kp-en-Xm-h \nc-cw kwLjm--I-amb Hc-h-bn-em-bn-o-cp-hm\pw Gsd km[y-X-bpv. Cu ho-W-n, A\ya-X--sf-p-dnv F{X Ipdp ]d-bp-pthm A{Xbpw \Xv. \psS
aX- imizX ap{Zn-Xm-[-c--fpsS ]cn-c--bn, lrZ-bm--cm-fnse D]-tcm-[ -ta-J-e-I-fn, Xosc AZr-iy-ambpw ]c-a-c-l-kyambpw Ah-ti-jn-p-sIm-s!
Cu {]iv\-n\v, ]t Hcp adp-h-i-apv: kmaq-lnI Pohn-bmWv
a\p-jy. \mw CjvS-s-mepw Cs-nepw \psS PohnXw {]Xy-ambpw ]tcm--ambpw ap--h-cp-tS-Xp-ambn _-s-mWv InSp-Xv. \apv `Ww \evIp av HmWv; \psS ]m\-P-esam-gp-Ip Acphn HmWv; \mw izkn-p hmbp HmWv. AXn\m \psS ho-W- apdp-sI-n-Sn-p-sIm-p-Xs \psS
Npp-]m-Sp-I-fp-ambn ka-c-k-sp t]mIm\pw \psS Abhm-knbpsS am\-knI `mh--sf-spw Ia-t{km-X-t-sXpw Hcp ]cn[n-h-sc-sb-nepw Adn-bp-hm\pw {ian-p-Xv ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-cnpw. Cu
ho-W-n, temI-nse kakvX aX--sf-p-dnpw Adn-bphm-\p kZp-t-iy-]qh-I-amb Hcp {iaw XnIpw A`n-e-j-Wo-bamWv. aX- Xn ]c-kv]c [mcW hfm\pw, ASp--htcm
AI--htcm Bb kl-Po-hn-Isf bYm-hn[n a\-n-em-m\pw Xobmbpw AXp-]-I-cnpw.
{]Xy--n-e-\p-`-h-s-Sp--Xp-t]mse \psS Nn-I A{Xsbmpw inYn-e--f. Cu `qX-e-nse e--W-n\v P\-lr-Zb-v Iam-th-ihpw amK-Zi-\hpw \evIp ssNX-\y-h-mb
aX-Zi-\-fpw hnizm-k-{]-am-W--fp-am-Ip tI{-_n-p-hn GIoIr-X-am-Wh. \mw Pohn-p temI-nse Hcp ]uc-\m-Ip-hm \apm- { K- l - a p- s - n a\p- j y- P o- h n- X - n kzm[o\w sNep- nb
Xz-kw-ln-X-I-sfbpw aX-Zi-\--sfbpw Ipdnv Adn-bp-hm-\p
Hcp Ffnb {iaw AXym-h-iy-amWv. Fs A`n-{]mbw {]k--sanepw Hcp adp-h-i-apv Cu {]iv\-n\v. aX--fpsS Cu taJe
hnth-Ihpw hnIm-chpw Xn-ep \nc-c kwLj-ns ^eambn Imep-dp \nm ]m Hcp ]cp-h-n-em-Wp-Xv. AXn\m, AhnsS {]th-in-p--h "amem-J-am ISp sNm--bn-S-fn HmSn-s-p hnUvVn-Isf'bmWv A\p-kva-cn-n-pI.

-
4 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

Fm asmcp \ne-bn Fs tPmen kpK-a-amWv. Ncn-{X-{][m-\-amb Hcp aX-ns auenI Xz--sfbpw AXns alm\
m
b
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw Ipdn-mWv Rms\-gp-Xp-Xv. Ckvem-ans \ninX
hnai-I-\mb k hneyw aqdn\v t]mepw ""]{p \qm-p-I-fmbn
bmsXmcp Iepw tNcmsX Ah-ti-jn asmcp {Kw temIv
thsd-bns''v Jp-B-s\-p-dnv ]d-tb-n-hp. Pohn-X-nse apgph kw`-h-K-Xn-Ifpw\nmc hni-Zo-I-c-W- t]mepw `{Z-ambpw
kqva-ambpw tcJ-s-Sp--s Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-\mWv {]hm-N-I-\mb
aplZv Fv AXn-t\m-S-\p-_--ambn Rm ]d-p-sIm-s.
At- l - ns Pohn- X hpw Ncn- { Xhpw kphy- - - f t{X. kXyw
Is-p-hm Npw Nhdpw Nnn-n-I-tb kmlkw \ap-n.
Fs tPmen Iptd-qSn eLq-I-cn-p asmcp kwK-Xn- Iq-Snbpv. cmjv{So-bhpw ap-amb Imc-W--fm Ckvem-ans\ t_m[]qhw sXn--cn-n-n-cp hnai-I-cpsS Imew {ZpX-K-Xn-bn Ignp-sIm-n-cn-p-I-bmWv. "tIw{_nUvPv saUn-h lndn' F
{K-n s{]m^. _oh ]d-bpp: ""]sm-Xmw \qm-ns
Bcw-`-n\p apv Ckvem-an-s\bpw apl--Zn-s\bpw Ipdnv bqtdm]n {]kn-o-Ir-X-amb {K- Cv tIhew kmlnXy sshNn{Xy- am{X-amtb KWn--s-Sp-pq.'' Ccw {K- \apnv Bkv]-Zn-t--Xn. AXn-\m Ckvem-an-s\-p-dnv anYym[m-c-W-I Nqn-mn kabw ]mgm-t--Xp-an.
DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Ckvemapw JUvKhpw F knmw FSp-p]d-bm-hp GsX-nepw hn`m-K--fn\nv h-tmgpw \mw tIpn. Ctm aX- n \n_- - a n- s Ckv e m- a ns Xzw
kphn- Z n- X - a mWv . {]kn Ncn- { X- I m- c - \ mb Kns hmp- I - f n
""asm aX- - s fbpw JUv K w sImv \njv I m- k \w sNp- h m
X _m[y--cm-sW lo\-amb Hcm-tcm-]Ww apkvenw-IsXn-cn-epv. CXv A-X-bn\npw aX-]--]m-Xn--n\npw
DS- s e- S p- - X mWv . Jp- B \pw apkv e nw tPXm- - f psS Ncn- { Xhpw,
{InkvXy tZhm-e-b--tfmSv Ah ImWn Ie-h-d-bn-m-Xpw
\nb-a-ns kwc--W-tm-Sp-Iq-Sn-b-Xp-amb kln-jvWp-Xbpw Cu
Btcm-]Ww in-bmbn \ntj-[n-pp. [manI in-bmWv apl-Zns Pohn-X-hn-P-b-n--Sn-m\w; JUvK-{]-tbm-K-a.''

bp-f
-
- n
]t, A\p-c-RvP\ {ia- \nc-cw ]cm-P-b-a-S--tm

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

B-c-mYw, Npp-]-mSp-I At-ls bp--f-n-tev henn-gp. Fm, Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I bp-X-{--fn-emsI hnh-I-c-amb ]cn-h-\- hcpn. Atd-_y D]-Zzo]v H-Sw
{]hm-N-Is sImSn-o-gn-e-Wn-\n-c-p--Xp- h-sc-bp Pohn-X-Im-ev
\S apgp-h bp--fn-ep-ambn ac-W-a-S--h-cpsS kwJy GXm\pw
iX-I- am{X-amWv. bp--f-nt]mepw Atlw Ad-_n-Isf
{]mYn-m ]Tn-np H-bv, Iqmbn ssZhs {]mYn-m!
bp--f-nse
s]mSn-]-S-e-pw QW-Q-Wm-c-h-p-anS-bnepw Znh-k-n-e-p- t\cw \nh-ln-t-p \n_ {]mY\-bpsS ka-b-am-bm bp--f-n-em-sW--Xp-sImv am{Xw Ah
\on-sh-p-am-bn-cp-n. Hcp hn`mKw i{Xp-sf t\cn-p-sIm-n-cns,
adp- h n- ` mKw Iqp- { ]mY\ \S- Ww. Ah bp- - f - n- t ev
Xncnp sNm adp-hn-`mKw {]mY-\v hcWw.
Hcp tKm{X-nse Hc-Xn-Yn-bpsS HIw asmcp tKm{X-ns
tan-ev {]th-in-p-sh \nm-c-amb Hcp {]tIm-]-\-ns
t]cn \mev]Xp sImw bpw \Sn, Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bncw hne-s
a\p-jy-Po-h Ipcp-Xn-sIm-Sp Ccp tKm{X--fp-sSbpw AkvXn-Xzn\v t\sc `oj-Wn-bp-bnb D{K-aqn-I-fmb B Ad-_n-Isf,
A-S-hpw B-\n-b-{-Whpw ]Tn-nv bp--f-nt]mepw
{]mYn-p--h-cmn amn, Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I. A]-cn-jvIr-Xhpw
kwkvIm-c-iq-\y-hp-amb Hcp bpK-n Hcp bp--fw-t]mepw am\pjn-I-am--sp. hn-m-Xn-cn-m, AwK-`wKw hcp-m-Xn-cn-m,
hmKvZw ewLn-m-Xn-cn-m, Ipn-I-sfbpw kv{XoI-sfbpw hrm- s cbpw h[n- m- X n- c n- m, ^e- h r- - apdn- m- X n- c n- m,
Bcm-[-\m-a--cm-b-hsc ieyw sNm-Xn-cn-m {]hm-N-I Ii-\amb \ntZ-i- \evIn. Xs ITn\ i{Xp--sf-tmepw Atlw
ssIImcyw sNbvX coXn A\p-bm-bn-Iv Da amXr-I-bm-bn-cpp.
am hnP-b-tmsS {]hm-N-I Xs A[n-Im-c-i-n-bpsS ]mcay-X-bn-se-n--gn-n-cpp. Xs ZuXy-n\p t\sc _[nc IW am{Xw Xncn Hcp ]Ww; Xsbpw Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-sfbpw
aZn--h-i-cm-nb Hcp \Kcw; \mn\nv Bn-tbm-Sn Hcp P\X;
Ccp-\qdp \mgn-I-b-I-se-bp-smcp {]tZ-iv A`bw tXSn-b-tm
t]mepw Xs t{Zmln-p-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp
hn`mKw B \K- c hpw \K- c - h m- k n- I - f p- a nXm Xs Imo- g n!
Xm\pw Xs A\p- b m- b n- I - f p- a - \ p- ` - h n bmX- \ - I v {]Xn- I mcw
sNm Hcp kphWm-h-kcw! ]t, apl--Zns lrZ-b-n
hgn-sm-gp-In-bXv Icp-W-c-k-am-bn-cpp! Atlw {]Jym-]np: ""Cu

-
6 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

Znhkw \ns- X n- c n bmsXmcp inm- \ - S - ] - S n- b p- a n. \nsfmw kzX-{-cmWv! a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep apgp-h
A-c--sfbpw, a\p-jy\pw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep kIe hntZz-j-sfbpw Rm\nXm Fs Imo-gn-env Nhn-n-t-pp.''
bp-n--\p-aXn \evIm AXm-bn-cpp ImcWw a\pjy kapZm-bs GIo-I-cn-p-hm. Hcn- Cu eyw kmmIr-Xam-b-tXmsS At-l-ns ITn\ i{Xp-p- t]mepw amv \evIsp, Xs {]nb-s ]nXr-hys\ h[nv, icocw ]nfn Ic-sfSpv Nh-p-Xp-n-b-hp -t]mepw!

kmh-eu-InI kmtlm-Zcyw
{]hm-N-I {]t_m-[\w sNbvX kmh-eu-InI kmtlm-Z-cy-nsbpw a\p-jy-Xz-n-sbpw ktiw am\p-jy-I-ns Dm-c-Wn\v \evI-s al-mb kw`m-h-\-bt{X. temI-nse {]apJ
aX- - s fmw Cu kt- i - ns hml- I - c m- b n- c p- p- s h- nepw
]qWmY-n AXv {]tbm-K-h-cn-Xv Ckvem-ans {]hm-NI- \ mWv . temI- P - \ - X - b psS a\- mn Xn- b p- W pI hgn,
hKhW hnth-N-\- A{]-Xy--am-hp-Ibpw a\pjy kmtlmZcyw m]n-p-Ibpw sNp Hcp Imep am{Xta kmh-euInI kmtlm-Z-cy-sa Xz-ns bYmY aqeyw temI-n\v
Dsm-m-\mhq! AXn\v C\nbpw \qm-p-I thn-hcpw.
Cu hkvXp-X-sb-n ankv. ktcm-Pn\n \mbnUp ]d-bpp: ""P\m[n- ] - X y- s - p- d nv ]d- b p- I bpw AXv {]tbm- K - h - c n- p- I bpw
sNbvX {]Ya aX-amWv Ckvemw. ]n-I-fpsS an\m-c- i_vZ-apJ-cn-X-am-hp-Ibpw Bcm-[-I ]n-bn-sem-cp-an-p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw, cmPmhpw
{]Pbpw tXmtfmSp tXm tNp-\nv "Amlp Ghpw alm'
Fp {]Jym-]n-p-sImv app-Ip-p-Ibpw sNp-tm Ckvem-anse
Utam-{Ikn aq-cq]w sIm-pp.'' Cy-bnse {]kn--bmb B
Ih-bn{Xn XpS-cpp: ""Hcp a\p-jys\ P-\m-Xs asmcp a\p-jys
ktlm-Z-c-\mbn ImWp Ckvem-ans Cu Ahn-`m-Py-amb GIXzw
Fs ]e-hpcp AZv`p-X-kvX-_v[-bm-n-bn-pv. Hcp CuPn-]vXp-Imc\pw APo-cn-b-m-c\pw Cy-m-c\pw Xpnbpw e-\n Ipap-p-I-bm-sW-n Hcm-fpsS P-tZiw Cy-bm-sW-tXm A]-c-tXv
CuPn-]vXm-sW-tXm Ahv {]iv\-am-Ip--tX-bn.''
alm-m-Kmn Xs A\p-I-c-Wo-b-amb ssien-bn ]d-bp-Xv
t\mq: kvs]bv-\n\v \mK-cn-IX km-\n, samtdm-tm-bn {]Imi-ns ssIncn sImfpnb, temI-tmSv kmtlm-Zcy kphn-

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

ti-j-tam-Xnb Ckvemw sXs B{^n--bn-tev IS-p-h-cp-Xv

bqtdm-]y `b-s-Sp-p-shv Btcm ]dp. sXs B{^n-m sh-m-cp-ambn kaXzw Ah-Im-i-s-Sp--Xn-\m-emWv Ah
C
k
v
e
m
a
n
s

BK-a-\s `b-s-Sp-Xv. kmtlm-Zcyw Hcp ]m]-sa-n Ah

AXns\ `b-s-Sp-I-Xs thWw. hW sshhn-[y-ap hK-
Xn kaXzw m]n-X-am-Ip-sa-mWv Ah-cpsS `b-sa-n AhbpsS `bw ASn-m-\-c-ln-X-a--Xs.
hKhW sshPm-Xy-sf ]cn-tOZw Dq-e\w sNbvX Ckvemans Am-cmjv{S {]Zi-\-ns AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Zriy-n\v ,
{]Xn-hjw lv thf-I-fn temIw kmyw hln-pp. bqtdm]y am{X-a, B{^n--m-c\pw Ad-_nbpw t]jy-m-c\pw Cym-c\pw ssN\-m-c\pw Hcp Znhy-hw-i-nse AwK--sf--t]mse
AhnsS Hp-tN-cpp. Fm-hcpw hkv{Xw [cn-n-cn-p-tXm Hscm
coXn-bn! sh-\n-d-ap cp IjWw XpWn Hv DSp-m\pw
asmv Npa ad-bvm\pw. \-in-c-kvI-cmbn B`m-Stam BUw_-ctam CmsX, "Am-lpth, D-chv.... \o GI-\mWv.... Rm\nXm
\ns hnfn-p-cw \evIpp' Fp-cp-hn-p-sImv Ah \Sp
\opp. sNdn-b-hs\ hen-b-h-\n\nv thXn-cn-p AS-bm-f-sfmpw Ahn-sS-bn. As\ Hmtcm XoYm-S-I\pw Ckvem-ans
kmh-eu-In-I-X-bpsS kt-ihpw Bhm-lnv Krl--fn-tev aSpp.
s{]m^. lt{KmRvsP(Prof. Hurgronje)bpsS A`n-{]m-b-n, Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I kwm-]n ""kh-cm-Py-k`'' CXc cmjv{Sp-IqSn shfnw ImWn----hn[w AJn-e-temI sFIy-nsbpw a\p-jy-km-tlm-Z-cy-n-sbpw ktiw Am-cmjv{S ASnm-\-n-Xs {]tbm-K-h-cnp. eoKv Hm^v \mjkv F
Bi-b-ns {]tbm-K-h-c-W-nv Ckvemw \evInb kw`mh-\-Ip Xpey-amb asmv temI-nse Hcp P\-Xbvpw ImWnm-\m-hn-s--XmWv bmYmYyw.

P\m-[n-]Xyw
P\m-[n-]Xyw AXns Ghpw D-X-amb cq]-n {]tbm-Kn hcpn {]hm-N-I. Jeo^m Da, {]hm-N-Is Pmam-Xmhv
IqSn-bm-bn-cp Jeo^m Aen, Jeo^m akq, Amkv, aAvaq XpS-nb Htsd Jeo-^-ampw cmPm--mpw Ckvem-anI
tImS-Xn-bn \ymbm-[n-]s apmsI km[m-cW ]uc-m-sc-tmse

-
8 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

lmP-cm-tIn hn-pv.
\mK- c nI ]ptcm- K Xn ssIh- c n shfp hK- m Idp
\ot{Km- I - t fmSv Cv Fs\ s]cp- a m- d p- p- s hv \ap- - d nbmw.
Fm, ]Xn-\mev \qmp app Pohn _nem F ASn-abpsS nXn Htmp-t\mq; Ckvem-ans BZy- Im-e--fn
_mv hnfn-p Iaw A-p tPmen-bm-bmWv Icp-Xn-h-Xv.
B Iaw \nh-ln-p-hm Cu Idp ASn-a-bm-bn-cpp `c-ta]n-s-n-cp-Xv. am-hn-P-bs XpSv Hcp k`-n _mp
hnfn-p-hm {]hm-N-I _nem-en-t\m-Sm-h-iy-sp. Ckvem-anI temInse Ghpw Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\hpw hnip--hp-amb Bcm-[-\m-e-b-amb
IA-v_-bpsS Dpw-K-X-bn, Idp \ndhpw XSn Npp-I-fp-ap
Cu \ot{Km _mv hnfn-m-\mbn Ib-dn-\n--tm A`n-am-\n-I-fmb
Nne Ad-_n-I ""Hm, Cu Idp \ot{Km ASn-abvv \miw! Ah\Xm ]cn-ip IA-v_-bpsS tamm-b-n Ibdn \npp'' F-l-knp. CXp tIt Xmakw, {]hm-N-I Jp-B-\nse B
hnip hN-\- temI-tmSv {]Jym-]np: ""a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-bta,
\nsf Rm Hcp ]pcp-j-\n\npw kv{Xobn\npw krjvSnp.
\nsf \mw hyXykvX tKm{X-fpw hn`m-K--fp-am-n-bXv \n
]c-kv]cw Adn-bm thn am{X-amWv. ssZh-n-s-b-Sp- \nfn Ghpw D-a Ghpw IqSp-X ssZh-`-b-ap--h-\t{X.''
Cu {]Jym-]\w krjvSn ]cn-h\w, Ien-m ip
Ad_n-I X-fpsS s]a-sf Cu Idp apn\v hnhmlw
sNbvXp sImSp-p-hm Xm-dm-Ip Hc-h--tbmfw sIms-np.
alm-\mb Da Fv Ncn{Xw hnfn-p cmw Jeo^ Aao-dp
apA-van-\o Da, Cu \ot{Km ASn-asb ImWp-tm-sgms ""\psS
bP-am-\ CXm hcpp, \psS t\Xmhv CXm hcpp'' Fp
]dv Atls BZ-cn-p-Ibpw _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw sNpI
]Xn-hm-bn-cpp.
Am-ev `qan-bn Pohn--h-cn shv Ghpw Al-m-cn-Ifmb Ad-_n-I-fn Jp-B hcp-nb al-mb hn-h-am-bn-cpp
AXv. Cm-c-W-m-emWv ""Cu {Kw bpK-bp-Km--c--fn iamb kzm[o\w sNep-n-sm-t-bn-cnp''sav alm-\mb Pa
Ihn tKmbvtY Jp-B-s\-p-dnp ]d-Xv. ""ASp \qdp hjn-\Iw Cw-, bqtdm]v Xs `cn-p-hm GsX-nepw aXn\v km[y-X-bp-m-hp-sa-n AXv Ckvem-an-m-bn-cnpw'' Fv
tPmPv _WmUv jm ]d-bm-\p Imc-Whpw asm-.

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

kv{Xo hntam-N\w
kv{Xok-aq-ls ]pcp-js ASn-a--n\nv tamNn-n-Xpw
Ckvem-ans Cu P\m-[n-]Xy ssNX\yw Xs. Nmkv FtUzUv
lmans hmp-I-fn, ""a\p-jy P\m ]m]-ap--\m-sWv
Ckvemw ]Tn-n-pp. kv{Xobpw ]pcp-j\pw Htc k-bn\nv
DZv`q-X-am-b-h-cm-sWpw Ah Htc Bm-hmWv Dsm-p-sXpw _pn-]-chpw Bo-bhpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Imcy--fn
Htc Xc- n- e p Ign- h p- I - f mWv \ev I - s - n- c n- p- - s X- p- a mWv
Ckvem-ans A[ym-]\w.''
hm Npg-m\pw Ipw {]tbm-Kn-m\pw Ign-hp--h k-n\v
A\--cm-h-Im-in-bm-hp-I-sb--Xm-bn-cpp Ad-_n-I-fpsS ]mc-cyw.
]t, Zp_e hn`m-K--fpsS kwc--I-\mbn Ckvemw IS-p-h-tm X-fpsS amXm-]n-Xm--fpsS k-n kv{XoIpw
A\- - c m- h - I miw e`np. kzn- p- S - a - b m- I m- \ p Ah- I miw
Ckvemw kv{XoIv \In. \qm-p-I ]{v Ign-tb-n-hp,
P\m- [ n- ] - X y- ns Cun- - a mbn Icp- X - s - S p Cw- n
kv{XoIv B Ah-Imiw m]n-p-In-p-hm. hnhm-ln-X-I-fpsS
BIvn(The Married Woman's Act)eqsS Cu Ah-Imiw kv{XoIv
e`n-Xv 1881-embn-cpp. Fm, ""kv{XoI a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ns
]Ip-Xn-bmWv; kv{XoI-fpsS Ah-Im-i- kwc-n--s-tS--XmWv.
kv { XoIv Ah- c psS Ah- I m- i - e`n- p- p- s v \n
Ddp hcp-pI'' Fv Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I \qm-p-Ip
app-Xs {]Jym-]n-n-cpp.

A\m-Ym-eb
-
-
km-nIcmjv{Sob hyh--I-fp-am-bp Ckvem-ans _w
{]Y- a - K - W - \ o- b - a - s - nepw a\pjy kaq- l - ns km- nI
cmjv{Sob Pohn-X-n KWy-amb kzm[o\w sNep-p kp{]-[m\- a mb Xz- Ckv e mw Bhn- j v I - c n- n- pv . ""km- nI
cwKs {[pho- I - c W Xo{h- X - I n- S - b n kp- e n- X Xzw \ne\np-I-bmWv Ckvemw sNp-Xv; \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS aqe-in-e-bmb
kz`mh kwkvI-c-W-n AXv kZm {i ]Xn-n-pp'' Fv
s{]m^-k as-\ (Prof. Massignon) A`n-{]m-b-s-Spp.
A\--cm-h-Imi \nbaw, kImv hyh Fnh m]n-psImpw km-nI cwKs IpI, ]eni apIqn \n-bn-s-Xpw Ahn-lnX amK-n-eqsS t\Sp--Xp-amb sIm-em`w,
]qgvn-shv, hne-\n-e-hmcw Iqm thn Ir{Xn-a-maw krjvSn-

-
10 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

XpS-nb kmaq-lnI hncp {]h-\-sf \nb-a-hn-cp-ambn {]Jym-]n-p-sIm-p-amWv Ckvemw {]kvXpX eyw t\SpXv. AXv NqXmw Ii-\-ambn XS-bpp. hnZym-e-b-, Bcm-[\m- e - b - , BXp- c m- e - b - , InW Ipgn- , A\mY kwcWw XpS-n-b-hbvv \evIp kw`m-h-\-I al-mb ]pWyIa-ambn AXv Icp-Xpp. Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-Is A[ym-]-\amWv A\m-Ym-e-b--fpsS DZv`-h-n\v Imc-W-sav Icp-X-s-Spp.
Hc-\m-Y-\mbn ]nd Cu {]hm-N-I-t\mSv temI-nse apgp-h A\mYm-e-b-fpw IS-s-n-cn-pp. Imsse-ens hmp-I-fn, ""{]IrXn-bpsS Cu GIm k-Xn-bpsS lrZ-bm--cm-f-n IpSn-sImn-cp P-kn--amb klm-\p-`q-Xn-bp-sSbpw ka-Xz-`m-h-\-bp-sSbpw
Imcp-Wy-n-sbpw _lnkv^p-c-W-am-bn-cpp AXv.''

kZvKpW k-
a\pjy al-z-a-f-p-hm aqv am\-Z---fp-sv Hcp Ncn{X-Im-c Hcn- A`n-{]m-b-s-Sp-I-bp-mbn. ka-Im-enI Atl-s kZvKpW k--\mbn In-cp-pthm? Xm Pohn ImeL--ns khn-ti-j-X-I-fn\nv Dbp \nevp-hm km[n-np- t m? temI- n\v Fs- nepw imizX kw`m- h \ \ev I n- b nptm? Ch-bmWv B aqv am\-Z--. Cu env C\nbpw ZoLnnmw. Fm, Cu aqv ]co--I-fnepw apl-Zv hn hnPbw
Ic--am-n-bn-cn-p-p-sh--XmWv bmYmYyw. GXm\pw DZm-l-cW- \nc-n-sh-p-I-gnp.
ka-Im-en-I At-ls kZvKpW k--\mbn In-cp-pthm
F-XmWv Hm-a-tXv. {]hm-N-Is shn-n-f-p kz`m-h-KpW- - s fbpw If- - t a- e v m kXy- k - - X - s bbpw Ipeo- \ - a mb
s]cp-am--sbpw Pohn-X-ns kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw Atlw
{]I-Sn-n BmY-X-sbbpw hnizm-ky-X-sbbpw, i{Xp-fpw an{X-fp-amb kh ka-Im-en-Icpw k-Xn-n-cp-p-shv Ncn-{X-tc-J-I
ImWn-pp. At-l-ns ZuXyw kzoI-cn-m--hcpwPqX-m
t]mepw- X - f psS hyn- ] - c - a mb X- - f nepw Ie- l - - f nepw
{]hm-N-Is\ a[y--\mbn kzoI-cn-n-cpp. At-l-ns kh
k-X-amb \njv]--X-bpsS AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-cpp AXv. ""Hm aplZv, \o Ifhp ]d-bp-I-bm-sWv R ]d-bp-n. \n\v {Kw
\evIp-Ibpw Znhy-t_m-[\w \evIp-Ibpw sNp--h-s\-bmWv R
\ntj-[n-p-Xv'' FmWv Ahn-izm-kn-I t]mepw ]d-n-cp-Xv.
{]hm-N-I\v ss]im-NnI _m[-tb--Xm-sW-mWv Ah Icp-Xn-bXv.

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

AXns ia-\-n\v B{I-a-W-s-bm-W-h Ah-ew-_n-Xv. ]t,

]pXn-sbmcp {]Im-i-[mc apl--Zn-eqsS DZn-p-b-cp-Xv Ah-cn-ep-a
Ip. Ah B shfnw tXSn-sp.
{]hm- N - I s ASp _p- fpw kplr- p- fpw, At- l n\v e`n-n-cp Znhy-t_m-[\w bmYmYy-am-sWp t_m[y-ap-hcpw Fm ZuXy-n ]qW-ambn hnizm-k-an-n-n-m--hcp-am-bn-cp-p-sh-Xv {]hm-NI Ncn-{X-nse {it-b-amb Hcp hiat{X. At-l-ns kzImcy Pohn-X-s-p-dnv ASp--dn-bp-hcpw Ipeo-\cpw hnth-I-a-Xn-I-fp-am-bn-cp B _p-an-{Xm-Zn-I,
B Pohn-X-n h-\-bp-sStbm Ak-Xy-n-stbm
`uXn-Itam-l-n-stbm hnizm-k-cm-ln-Xy-n-stbm emRvO-\-sb-nepw
In-cp-p-sh-n [manI ]p\\nam-W-sbpw Bob ]p\cp- m- \ - s bpw kmaq- l nI ]cn- j v I m- c - s bpw Ipdn At- l ns {]Xo--I hmSn--cnp t]mhp-Ibpw B kev] ku[w
Hcp \nan-j-n-\Iw XIp Xcn--W-am-hp-Ibpw sNp-am-bn-cpp.
adnv, X-fpsS Pohn-X-ns \nb-{Ww {]hm-NI lkvX-fn kzbw An-p-I-bmWv A\p-bm-bn-I sNbvXXv. At-ln\v thn Ah aZ-\-fpw ]oU-\-fpw klnp. ac-W-n\p
t]mepw CS-bm-nb _ln-jvI-cWw aqew Ah-c-\p-`-hn ITn-\-amb
at\m-hy-Y-bp-sSbpw AhW-\o-b-amb IjvS-m-Sp-I-fp-sSbpw a[ynepw {]hm-N-Is\ _lp-am-\n-p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-p-Ibpw hnizkn-p-I-bp-am-W-h sNbvXXv. CXv kXy-sa-n X-fpsS bP-am\s Pohn- X - n Hcp Idp ]pn- s b- nepw Is- p- h m
Ahv Ign-n-cp-p-shv Icp-Xmtam?
BZy-Ime hnizm-kn-I-fpsS Ncn{Xw hmbn-p-t\mq. \nc-]-cm-[nI-fmb kv{Xo]pcp-j-msc ssIImcyw sNbvX arKo-b-amb ImgvN
GXv inem-lr-Z-b-s-bm-W-en-bn-m-Xv? \njvI-f--bmb kpa.
Ip- B Km{Xs ]nn-on! bmkn-dns Hmtcm Imep-I
Hmtcm H-I-hp-ambn _nv Ahsb FXnh-i--fn-tev ASn-tmSnp! Jm-_ns\ Xo-\-en\p ta InSn B Iiva-e-m amdn
Ib-dn-\np! B I\-ep-I-fn a\p-jy-amw-k-sa-cn--enp. Jm_p_v \ p AZn- ns\ Ah- b - h - - t fm- t cm- mbn tOZn- p- I - f pw
amwkw Aev]m-ev]-ambn sNn-sb-Sppw Ah Bkz-Znp. B {IqcIr-Xy-n-\n-S-bn Ah tNmZnp: ""apl--Zns\ \ns m\p
\nn, \ns \ns Ipp-Ip-n-I-tfm-sSmw Ign-bp-hm A\p-hZn-p-Xv \o CjvS-s-Sp-nt?'' ""apl--Zn\v Hcp aps-n-ep-tapXv XS-bm Fsbpw Fs `mcy-sbbpw Ipn-I-sfbpw _en-sIm-

11

-
12 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

Sp-m-\mWv F\n-njvSw'' Fm-bn-cpp At-l-ns adp-]Sn!

CuZri- a mb \qdp- I - W - n\v kw`- h - - f p- - c n- p- h m Ignbpw.
FmWv CsXmw sXfn-bn-p-Xv? Ckvem-ans Cu kv{Xo]pcpj
k-Xn-I {]hm-N-I-t\mSv X-fpsS Iqdv ImWn-pI am{X-a,
X-fpsS lrZ-bhpw Poh\pw Xs km-\-am-bn-Xv Fp-sImm-bn-cpp? Ckvem-ans Cu BZy-Im-em-\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS hnizmkhpw Iqdpw apl--Zns BmY-Xbvpw Bm-W-n\pw
sXfn-h-s-n ]ns as-mWv? Cu Bfp-I-fm-hs, kaq-l-nse
Xmsg-n-S-bn-ep--htcm at\m-ZmVyw Ipd--htcm Bbn-cp-n.
a-bnse kthm-XvIr-jvScpw Ipeo-\-cn Ipeo-\-cp-amb Bfp-IfmWv XpSw apXXs At-l-tm-sSmw tNXv. m\hpw
am\hpw ]Whpw ]Z-hn-bp-ap a-m, {]hm-N-I-s\-p-dnv Fma-dn-bp At-l-ns IpSpw-_mw-K-, DX hyn-Xz-ns
DS-a-I-fm-bn-cp BZys \mev Jeo-^-amCh-scms Cu BZyIme apkvenw hyql-n-ep-m-bn-cpp!

B hynXzw
""Fm {]hm-N-I-m-cnepw aX-t\-Xm--fnepw shv G-hp-a-[nIw
hnP-b-{io-em-fn-X-\mb {]hm-N-I apl--ZmWv''- Fssk-tm]o-Unbm {_nm-\n ]d-bpp. Cu hnPbw bmZr-On-I-am-bn-cp-n,
`mKym-Xn-tc-I-hp-am-bn-cp-n; ka-Im-en-I At-l-ns kZvKpW
k--Xv \evInb AwKo-Im-c-am-bn-cpp. DPz-ehpw BIj-Ihp-amb B hyn-Xz-ns hnP-b-am-bn-cpp AXv.
apl- - Z ns hynXzw! AXns\ apgp- h Is- pI
{]bmkw! Hcp sNdnb Awiw am{Xta F\nv Is-m Ignpq.
F{X-am{Xw lrZ-bm-hP-I-amb _lp-ap-JXzw! Fp-am{Xw \mSIob cwK-! apl-Zv F {]hm-N-I! apl-Zv F khssk-\ym-[n-]! apl-Zv F ]S-bmfn! apl-Zv F `c-Wm-[nImcn! apl-Zv F I-h-S-m-c! apl-Zv F {]`m-j-I! aplZv F Xz-m\n! apl-Zv F cmjv{S-X-{-! aplZv F {]kw-K-I! apl-Zv F ]cn-jvImhv! apl-Zv F
A\mY kwc--I! apl-Zv F ASn-a-hn-tam-N-I! apl-Zv F
kv{Xohn-tam-N-I! apl-Zv F \nb-a-! apl-Zv F \ymbm[n-]! apl-Zv F ]pWy-hm-f! DPz-e-amb Cu hi--fn-semw,
a\pjy Pohn-X-ns sshhn-[y-am Cu hIp-p-I-fn-semw Hcp
lotdm Xs-bm-bn-cpp Atlw!

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

A\m-YXzw \n-lm-b-X-bpsS ]mc-ay-amWv; Atlw PohnXw XpSn-b-X--s\-bmWv. cmPXzw euInI in-bpsS Dpw-K-X-bmWv;
B PohnXw Ah- k m- \ n- - X - - s \- b mWv . A\m- Y - \ mbn Pohn- X w
XpSn, ]oUn-X-\mb Hc-`-bmYn-bmbn, Hcp P\-X-bpsS euInI
t\Xmhpw Bo-b-Kp-cphpw hn[m-Xm-hp-ambn amdn, Atlw. B P\X-bpsS ]co--W-L---fnepw amK-{`w-i--fnepw Ccp-nepw shfn-nepw Dj-nepw A]-Ij-nepw `b-nepw kam-[m\-nepw An-]-co--W--fn-eqsS IS-p-t]m {]hm-N-I PohnX-ns kakvX taJ-e-I-fnepw amXrI ImWn-p-hm thn
s
]
m

t
e
e
v

m
s
X
]pd- p- h - c nI Xs sNbv X p. At- l - ns t\- Pohn- X ns Hcp hip am{Xw ]cn-an-X-a. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-ns apgph

Ah-m--c--tfbpw AXv Nqgvp-\n-evpp.

al-z-ns am\-Zw
A- X - b p- s Sbpw A[man- I - X - b p- s Sbpw AKm[ K- nemp InS- p Hcp P\- X sb kwkv I - c n- s - S p- p- - X n- e mWv
alzw IpSn-sIm-p--sX-n Ad-_n-I-sf-tm-ep-smcp P\-hn`m-Ks ]cn-hn-n-p-Ibpw kwkvI-cn-p-Ibpw ]qWX ssIhcn Hcp kaq-l-am-bp-bp-Ibpw \mK-cn-I-X-bp-sSbpw hnm-\n-sbpw hml-I-cm-p-Ibpw sNbvX B DPze hyn-Xz-n\v
al-z-a-h-Im-i-s-Sm-\l-X-bpv. ]c-kv]cw t]mc-Snp acn-n-cp
Hcp kaq-ls kmtlm-Z-cy-n-sbpw ku{`m-{X-n-sbpw \qen
tImp--Xn-emWv al-z-sa-n acp-`q-an-bnse B {]hm-N-I\v
_lp-a-Xn-l-X-bpv. A-hn-izm-k--fnepw A\m-Nm-c--fnepw
An-n-Sn-p-In-S-p Hcp kaq-ls ]cn-jvI-cn-p--Xn-emWv alz-ap--sX-n P\-e---fpsS lrZ-b--fn\nv Abp-n-Iamb `bhpw A-hn-izm-k-fpw Dm-S\w sNp-hm Ckvem-ans
{]hm-N-I\v Ign-n-pv. D-X-amb [manI KpW--fpsm-p-Xn-emWv al-z-sa-n i{Xp-fpw an{X-fpw Hcp-t]mse kXn-n-pv, apl-Zv A-A-aohniz-kvX Bbn-cp-p-shv. Hcp
tPXm-hmWv alm-s\-n A\mY _mes \n-lm-b-X-bn hfv
Atd-_y-bpsS `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn amdn, ]Xn-\mev \qm-p-Isf
AXn-Po-hn Hcp km{amPyw m]n Hcp a\p-jy-\nXm ChnsS.
Hcp t\Xm- h np e`n- p BZi _lp- a m- \ - - f mWv al- zns am\-Z--sa-n {]hm-N-Is \maw temI-m-I-am\w ]cp-In-S-p P\-e---fpsS Bm--fn AZv`p-X-I-c-amb A\p-

13

-
14 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

`q-Xn-I-fp-f-hm-pp!

\nc-c
-
GXkn-setbm tdman-setbm t]jy-bn-setbm Cy-bn-setbm
ssN\- b n- s etbm hnm- \ - t K- l - - f n\nv Atlw Xzimkv{Xw ]Tn-n-cp-n. Fnpw k\m-X\ aqey--fpsS DZm--amb
kXy- a\p-jy-cm-in-tbmSv {]Jym-]n-p-hm-\-t-l-n\v Ignp.
\nc--c-\m-bn-cp-npw hmNm-e-ambn {]kw-Kn-p-hm\pw \b-\-sf
Cud-\-Wn-bn-p-amdv hnIm-c-hn-h-i-cm-p-hm-\p-a-t-l-n\v km[np.
kz- a m- s bm- p- a n- m Hc- \ m- Y - \ mbn ]nd- npw kh- c p- s Sbpw
kv t \l- a - t lw km- Z np. GsX- nepw anen- dn Am- Z - a n- b n
Atlw ]Tn-n-n. Fnpw AkwJyw hcp i{Xp-\n-c-s-Xnsc
AWn- I sf kwL- S n- n- p- h m At- l - n\v Ignp. [manI
in-bpsS ]n_-ew-sImv hnPbw ssIh-cnp.

A]qh {]Xn-`mkw
Xz-{]-kwK ssh`-hw-sImv A\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h Ipdbpw. Ipa Hcp kphn-tij {]kw-K-Is\ temI-nse Hc-]qh Pohn-bmbmWv sZImsX (Descartes) IXv. CtX Bibw lnve Hcn {]I-Sn-n-p-I-bp-mbn: ""Hcp henb Xmzn-I A]qh-amtb
Hcp henb t\Xm-hm-Im-dpq. Hcp Iem-]-Im-cn-bn Cu KpWw XmcX-tay\ IqSp-X-ep-m-hm-\mWv km[yX. ImcWw, t\XrXzw Fm
a\p-jy-k--b-sf Cf-n-hn-Sm-\p Ignhv Fm-WYw. Xzmhn-jvI-cW knnbpw t\Xr-Xz-ti-jnbpw Xn henb _-samp-an.'' lnve XpS-cpp: ""Xmzn-I, kwLm-S-I, t\Xmhv
Fo hnti-j-Kp-W- Hcm-fn tafn-p-I-sb-Xv Cu `qan-bnse
A]qh {]Xn-`m-k--fn-sem-mWv. Ahn-sS-bmWv alzw IpSn-sImp-Xv.'' `qan-bnse Cu A]qh {]Xn-`mkw cp Imen \S-pXv Ckvem-ans {]hm-N-I-\n temIw Ip.
dh-d v t_mkvhXv kvanns {]Xn-I-cWw Iptd-qSn {itb-amWv: ""cmjv{S--e-h\pw ]n-ta-[m-hn-bp-am-bn-cp Atlw Htc
kabw t]mpw kok-dp-am-bn-cpp. ]t, t]mns Ah-Im-i-fn- m t]mpw, Imem- S tbm AwK- c - - I tcm sImm- c tam
\nnX hcp-am-\tam Cm kok-dp-am-bn-cpp Atlw. bYmY
Znhy-in sImv `cWw \S-n-sbv GsX-nepw a\p-jy\v AhIm-i-s-Sm-sa-n AXv apl--Zn\v am{X-amWv. ImcWw, A[n-Im-ci-n-bpsS D]-I-c-W-tfm Ah-bpsS ]np-Wtbm IqSm-sX-s
apgp-h inbpw At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cpp. A[n-Im-c-ns ]cn-

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

th-j-sf Atlw IW-n-se-Sp-n. kzImcy Pohn-X-nse

emfnXyw s]mXp Pohn-X-nepw Atlw \ne-\nn.''

Zcn-{Z-\mb cmPmhv
am hnP-bs XpSv ]p- ew NXp-c{i \mgn-I-bn-e[nIw hcp `q`mKw At-l-ns Imo-gn-e-ap. ]t, Atd_y-bpsS B A[n-]Xn kzI-c-sImv ]mZ-c \mn; tcmap-mbw Xpn; ]m Idp; ASp--Sn-p-hmcn; Xobp-mn; ASpf tPmen- I - f n hop- I msc klm- b np. aZo\m Pohn- X - ns
Ay-L--am-hp-tm-tgpw B ]Ww kar-n-bpsS tIZm-c-am-bn-gn-n-cpp. shnbpw kzWhpw kh-{X-sbm-gpIn. Fnpw, B
sFiz-cy-ns \mfp-I-fnepw Atd-_y-bpsS cmPm-hns ASp-n
]pI- b p- b - c msX Bgv N - I Xs IS- p- t ]mbn. Cu- - g hpw
shhpw am{X-ambn `Ww. Am-g-n\v Hp-an-m--Xn-\m
At-l-ns IpSpw_w Hgn hb-dp-ambn An-bp-dn. Dd-m
]mb-b-msX, sa Atlw D]tbm-Kn-n-n. ZoL-amb Xnc-p]n-Sn ]I-ep-Ip-tijw hs-p cm{Xn-I {]mY-\m-\n-c-X\mbn Ignp. Xs D-c-hm-Zn-Xz- bYm-hn[n \nh-ln-p-hm
Icp-t-I-tW-sbv kh-i--t\mSv Cudan-gn-I-tfmsS AYnp.
tX ImcWw IWvT-an-Sdn, i_vZw, Xnf-bvp sh-n-tXn\v Xpey-ambn. \ncym-X-\m-Ip-tm GXm\pw \mW-b-p-p-I-fmbn-cpp At-l-ns kmZyw. AXn-semcp `mKw ISw hom-\p-Xm-bn-cpp. Ah-ti-jn-Xv Zm\w tNmZn-p-h Hc-Xym-h-iy-mc\pw sImp-t]mbn! ac-W-th-f-bn-e-t-l-a-Wn-n-cp hkv{Xw
[mcmfw Ij-W- Xpn-n-Sn-n--Xm-bn-cpp. temI-n\v {]Imiw
sNmcn B Krl-n Iqcn-cpv IpSn-bn-cpp. ImcWw, hnf-nsem-gn-m AhnsS F-bn-m-bn-cpp!
Npp-]m-Sp-I amdn. ]t, ssZh-ns {]hm-N-I am{Xw amdnbn. hnP-b-nepw ]cm-P-b-nepw A[n-Im-c-ap--tmgpw Cm-tmgpw ma-nepw kar-n-bnepw {]hm-N-I Htc-sbmcp a\p-jy\m-bn-cpp. Hscm kz`m-hta At-l-n-\p-m-bn-cp-pq. ssZhns \nb-a- t]mse ssZh-ns {]hm-N-I-mpw am-fp-m-Im-h-X. kXy-k--\mb Hcp a\pjy ssZh-ns Ghpw
DIr-jvS-amb krjvSn-bt{X. apl-Zv kXy-k- am{X-am-bn-cpn. ka- k r- j v S n- k v t \- l hpw klm- \ p- ` q- X nbpw At- l - ns
Bm- h ns kwKo- X - a m- b n- c pp. a\p- j ys\ kv t \ln- pI, a\pjys\ DbpI, a\p-jys\ kwkvI-cn-pI, a\p-jy\v Adnhp

15

-
16 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

]I-cpI; H-hm-n a\p-jys\ a\p-jy-\m-pI CXm-bn-cpp Atl-ns ZuXyw. Pohn-X-ns kh-kzhpw, Nn-bnepw hmnepw
{]hr-n-bnepw a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS \-bm-bn-cpp Htc-sbmcp eyw;
Htc-sbmcp amK-Zi-IXzw!

AZv`p-X
- ImWn-m {]hm-NI
-
Xopw \nkzmY- \ m- b n- c pp Atlw. t]cpw s]cp- a bpw
Atlw B{K-ln-n-cp-n. Atlw Ah-Im-i-s-n-cp m\-tcp-I Fm-bn-cp-p-shtm? ssZh-Zm-k\pw ssZh-Zq-X\pw Fv
am{Xw. BZyw ssZh-Zm-k, ]ns ssZh-Zq-X. temI-ns hnhn[
`mK--fn-em-K-X-cmb, \ap--dn-bm-hp--hcpw Adn-bm--h-cp-amb ssZhZq-X-m-scbpw {]hm-N-I-m-scbpw t]mse Hcm. Ah-cn-sem-cm-sfsb-nepw \ntj-[n--h apkven-am-hp-I-bn. Hcp ]mmXy ]nX ]dp: ""B Ime- L - - ns khn- t ij kml- N - c y- fpw
Xs A\p-bm-bn-I-fpsS \no-a-amb _lp-am-\m-Z-c-fpw IW-nse-Sp-p-tm, Znhym-Zv`p-X- ImWn-p-hm X\nv Ign-bp-sav
A h - I m - i - h m - Z - a p - - b n - n - s - X v
apl--Zns Imcy-n AZv`p-X-I-c-amb Hcp kwK-Xn-bt{X.'' AZv`pX- ImWn-n-cp-p-sh-nXs AXv BZi-{]-Nm-c-WmY-ambn-cp-n. Ah ]qW-ambpw ssZh-ns Ign-hns]-Xpw a\pjy-ta-[v A{]m-]y-hp-am-sW-mWv Atlw ]d-Xv. Xm ap-h-sc-tmse Hcp a\p-jy am{X-am-sWv ]d-bm-\-tlw aSn-n.
BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-sem-fn-p-In-S-p \n[n-Ipw-`--fp-m-bn-cp-n
At- l - n\v . `mhn- I m- c y- fpw K`- c - l - k y- fpw Adn- b p- s av
Atlw Ah-Im-i-s-n. {]Ir-Xy-XoX {]Xn-`m-k--fn-ep hnizmkhpw Hcp km[m- c W ]pWy- h m- f s PohnX hyh- l m- c - - f psS
]nnepw, \nXy-kw-`-h--fpsS ]nnt]mepw Znhym-Zv`p-X--fp-sp [mc-Wbpw Atd-_y-bnepw ]cn-k-c--fnepw ]cs kzm[o\w
sNep-n-bn-cp Hcp Ime-L--n-em-Wn-sXv \mtamWw.

Nnn-pI ssZhs Is-pI!

{]]--sbpw {]m]-nI \nb-a--sfbpw ]n ]Tn-p-hm\pw
AXn-eqsS ssZh-ns alzw Is-p-hm-\p-amWv Xs A\pbm-bn-Isf Atlw DZvt_m-[n-n-Xv. Jp-B ]d-bpp: ""BImi-`q-an-I-sfbpw Ah-bvn-S-bn-ep--Xn-s\bpw \mw Ifn-bmbn krjvSn-X. bYmY-am-bn--s-bmWv Ahsb \mw krjvSn-Xv. ]t,
A[n-I-am-fp-Ifpw Adn-bp-n.'' {]]w anYytbm ambtbm A.
Dt-iy-c-ln-X-hp-a. bYmY-am-bn--s-bmWv Ah krjvSn--s-

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

Xv. {]]-s \nco-nv ]Tn-p-hm-\m-lzm\w sNp Jp-B\nI kq--fpsS kwJy {hX-a-\p-jvTn-p-hm\pw XoYm-S\w \Sp-hm-\p-am-h-iy-s-Sp kq--sf-m F{Xtbm IqSp-X-emWv.
XZv^-e-ambn apkvenw-I {]]-s \nco-np ]Tnp. As\
{Kop-Im-m-X-am-bn-cp imkv{Xob ]co-W\nco--W Pw sImp.

imkv{X-ns IS-mSv
temI- ns hnhn[ `mK- - f n\nv kky- tiJ- c nv
C_v\p ss_Xm Hcp kky-im-kv{X-{Kw Xm-dmn. J\nP amXrI-I tiJ-cn-p-hm A_n-dq\n \mev]Xp hjw \nc-cw bm{X
sNbvXp. ]{p hj-n-e-[nIw hcp Imew apkvenw tPymXnxim- k v { X- - m hm\- \ n- c o- Ww \Sn. Hscm ]co- Ww
t]mepw \S-m-sX-bmWv Acn-tm-n DuP-X-{-s-p-dnv FgpXn-bXv. ]cn-tim-[n-p-d-p-h-cp-msX, a\p-jyv Xncy-p-I-sf-m
IqSp- X Z- - f p- s \ncp- - c - h m- Z - ] - c - a mb {]kv X m- h - \ bpw
sNbvXp-I-fp Atlw. ico-c-im-kv{X-ns AtXm-dn-n-bmbn
KWn- - s - S p Kme Iogv m- S nv An- I cp- s v
{]kvXm- h np.
Hcp
a\p- j ym- n- I qSw
]co--W-n\v hnt[-b-am-pI F kml-k-n\v A_vZp--Xzo^v
F apkvenw apXn-cp--Xp-hsc Kmes Xzw tNmZyw sN-sSmsX InSp....Ccw AkwJyw DZm-l-c-W--sf-n--d--tijw
tdm_v {_n^mv (Robert Brefault) Xs "sabvnwKv Hm^v lypam\nn' (Making of Humanity) F {K- n ]d- b pp: ""\psS
imkv{X-n\v Ad_n-I-tfm-Sp IS-mSv, Ah \S-nb AZv`p-XI-c-amb Ip-]n-Sn---fntem hn-h-I-c-amb Xz--fntem A.
imkv{X-ns IS-mSv henb Hc-f-thmfw Ad_v kwkvIm-c-tmSmWv . imkv { X- ns Akv X nXzw Xs AXn- t \mSv IS- s - n- c npp.''
Atlw XpS-cpp: ""{Kop-Im Xz- Bhn-jvI-cn-p-Ibpw
s]mXp \nK-a-\--fn-se-n-t-cp-Ibpw hyh--I-fp-m-p-I-bp-amWv
sNbv X Xv . Kth- j - W - ns am- ] qh- I - a mb coXn, {Inbm- I
hnm\ km- Z \w, imkv{Xo- b - a mb kqvam- h - t em- I \w,
ZoLhpw hni-Z-hp-amb \nco-Ww, ]co--W--fn-eq-sS-bp At\zjWw XpS-n-bh sam-n {Kop-Imv A]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cpp.
bqtdm- ] n Cv \mw imkv { X- s av hnfn- p- Xv {Kop- I mv
Am-X-am-bn-cp Kth-jW \nco--W--fp-sSbpw KWn-X-imkv{X

17

-
18 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

]ptcm-K-Xn-bp-sSbpw ^e-am-bp-m-b-XmWv. B Kth-jW XrjvWbpw

\nco-W coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]n\v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-n-bXv Ad-_n-IfWv . ''

aX-]cwatX-Xcw
{]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\--fpsS Cu {]mtbm-KnI kz`m-h-amWv imkv{Xmh- t _m- [ - n\v P- t a- I n- b Xv . \nXy- P o- h nX hyh- l m- c - - s fbpw
euInI Imcy--sf--dn-b-s-Sp Ia--sfbpw ]hn-{X-amn amnbXpw AXp-Xs. ssZhm-cm-[-\-bmWv a\pjy krjvSn-bpsS Dt-iysav Jp-B ]d-bpp. ]t, ssZhm-cm-[\ {]mY-\-bn am{Xw
]cn-an-X-a. ssZh-{]o-Xnbpw a\p-jy-\-bpw eyw shp sNp
apgp- h Ia- fpw AXn- e ps- S pp. kXy- k - hpw \oXn- b phpw kZp- t - i y- ] qh- I - h p- a mb apgp- h {]h- \ - - s fbpw
Ckvemw ]hn-{X-ambn ImWpp. aX]cw, atX-Xcw F bpK--fmbp B hnth-N\w Ckvemw Dq-e\w sNbvXp.
ip-]-ZmY- `n-p-Ibpw AXn\v ssZh-n\v \n ]dbp-I-bp-am-sW-n AXpw Hcm-cm-[-\-bm-sWv Ckvemw ]Tn-n-pp.
Xs `mcy-bpsS hmbn Hcp-]nSn `Ww shp-sIm-Sp-p-Xv {]Xn^-eml-amb ]pWy-am-sWv {]hm-N-I Acp-fpp. Hcp Xncp-h-N\-n Cs\ ImWmw: ""Hcm Xs lrZ-bm-`n-em-j- kmmXv I - c n- p- Xv ssZh- ns {]Xn- ^ - e - a ln- p Imcy- a mWv
Abm AXn\v kzoI-cn-p amK- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-b-Xm-sWn.'' Atm Hcp t{imXmhv AZv`p-X-]qhw tNmZnp: ""ssZh-ZqXtc, Abm hnImcw ian- n- p- Xpw lrZ- b m- ` n- e m- j - - f psS
]qo-I-c-W-am-Wtm?'' ""sXmb Hcp amK-am-W-Xn-\-bm kzoIcn-n-cp--sX-n Abm inn--s-Sp-am-bn-cpp. Atm icnbmb amK- a - h - e w- _ n- p- - h v {]Xn- ^ ew e`n- t - - X p- a t''
Fm-bn-cpp {]hm-N-Is {]Xn-h-N\w.
Aeu-InI Imcy-v {]m[m\yw \evIp--tXm-sSmw CltemI Pohn-X-ku-I-cy-nepw {i thW-sa Cu ]p aXZi\w [manI aqey- v ]pXnb am\- \ev I n. a\pjy
PohnX hyh-lm-c--fnse ]c-kv]c _--fn AXv sNep-nb
imiz-X-amb kzm[o\w, km[m-c-W-m-cn AXp-f-hm-nb Icpv,
X-fpsS Ah-Imi _m[y-X-I-sf-p-dn [mc-W-bn AXv hcpn-o {Iao-I-cWw, \nc--c-\mb Hc-]-cn-jvIr-X-sbpw _pnam-\mb Hcp Xz-Nn--I-sbpw Pohn-X-n AXn-\p A\p-tbm-

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

Py-Xbpw AwKo-Imc tbmKy-Xbpw {]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\--fpsS khnti-j-X-I-fm-Wnh.

hnizm-khpw Iahpw
Fm, ka- v \ev I - s - S p {]m[m\yw hnizmks _en- s Im- S p- p- s Im- - s - Xv {it- b - a t{X. Ia- P o- h nX
s

Ah-K-Wn hnizm-k-{]-[m-\hpw, hnizmkw IW-n-se-Sp-m Ia{]-[m-\-hp-amb \nc-h[n Nnm-[m-c-I-fpv. Ckvem-am-Is, ZrV-hnizm- k - nepw ka- - f n- e p- a - [ n- j v T n- X - a mWv . ey amKp Xpey-{]m-[m-\y-amWv AXv Iev]n-p-Xv. ]c-kv]c _nX-amb Hcp kmI-ey-am-WnXv . Ah Hnp Pohn-p-Ibpw Hnv
hf- c p- I bpw sNpp. Ahsb ths- S p- p ]w cn\pw
Akv X n- X z- a n- m- X mhpw. Ckv e m- a n hnizmkw Ia- n\nv
ths]-Sp-pI km[y-a. icn-bmb Adnhv kZv^-e-ap-f-hm-p
ka--fmbn amdWw. hniz-kn-p-Ibpw kaw {]hnp-Ibpw sNp--h am{Xta kzKw ]qIq Fv F{X Xh-WbmWv Jp-B ]d-Xv! A]-Xn Ipd-bm e--fn AXv
Bhnp ]d- n- c n- pp. [ym\w t{]mm- l n- n- - s - n- c npp. ]t, shdpw [ym\w ey-a. Ia-c-ln-X-\mb hnizmknv Ckvem-an m\-an. ZpjvIa-Im-cn-bmb Hcp hnizm-kn-sbp-dnp Nnn-p-hmt\ km[y-a. ssZhnI hyh Hcp Ia-]-Xn-bmWv shdpw Xz-kw-ln-X-b. m\-n\nv Ia-ntepw Ia-n\nv kwXr-]vXn-bn-tepw IS-p-t]m-Ip ]ptcmK
-a-t\m-p-J-amb Hcp ]mX-bmWv a\p-jyp-thn AXv hcp ImWnp-Xv.

kwXr-]vXn-bpsS t{kmXv
Fm ]qW-amb B-kw-Xr-]vXn-bn-tev kzO--sam-gp-Ip
Ia--fpsS t{kmXv GXmWv? GI-ssZ-h-Xz-amWv B t{kmXv;
tI{-_np. ""Amlp AmsX asmcp Cem-ln'' Ckvem-anI
Ia-Po-hnXw Id-p Ap-X-m-WXv. Znhym-kvXn-Xz-n am{Xa Znhy-Kp-W--fnepw Ah AXp-ey-\t{X. ssZh-ns hninjvS-Kp-W--fpsS Imcy-n ap Imcy--fn-se--Xp-t]mse Hcp
a[ya amK-amWv Ckvemw Ah-e-w_n-n-p-Xv. Hcp ho-W-n
`uXnI temI- ns KpW- - f - J new ssZh- n\p \ntj- [ n- ptm asmcp ho- W - n `uXnI ]ZmY- - t fmSv Xpe\w

19

-
20 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

sNpp. Hcp hiv ssZh-n\p Xpey-ambn Hp-an-sv ]d-bptm, asmcY-n ssZhw ImWp--h\pw tIp--h\pw Adnbp--h\pw BsWp hni-Zo-I-cn-pp. ]ng-hp-Ifpw \yq\-X-Ifpw
Xom cmPm-hm-W-h. Ahs A[n-Im-c-am-Ip I \oXnbp-sSbpw ka-Xz-`m-h-\-bp-sSbpw ]mcm-hm-c--fn-sem-gp-Ipp. ]c-a-Imcp-Wn-I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-am-W-h. Cu KpW-hn-ti-j- ssZhn\v Iev]np sImSp-p--tXm-sSmw ap--hv AXv \ntj-[npp. kh-Xn-sbpw kwc--I-\mbn am-cp-an. Fm t]mcm-bvaIfpw \nI-p--h-\m-W-h; ampw AXv km[y-a. Fm \jvSpw ]cn-lmcw ImWp--h-\m-W-h; asmcp inpw B
Ign-hn. ico-c-sf krjvSn-p, Bm-sf krjvSn-p, hn[nZn-\-ns hn[m-Xm-hmb B ssZh-a-msX ap ssZh--fn. Npcp-n, Jp-Bs `mj-bn hninjvS KpW--sfmw Ah\v am{Xap--Xt{X.

Pohn-X
- ns Xz-imkv{Xw
{]]-hpw a\p-jy\pw Xn-ep _-sa-sv Jp-B hniZo-I-cn-n-pv. BIm-i-`q-an-I-fn-ep kI-eXpw ssZhw a\p-tjym-]tbm-K-n\v k-am-n-bn-cn-pp. Ahsb `cn-p-I-bmWv a\p-jy
sNt-Xv. kp-c-amb hkvXp--fmWv a\p-jy\v ssZhw \In-bncn-p-Xv. PohnXac-W- \n-bn-n-p-Xpw a\p-jys\ Hcp ]co-W-n\p hnt[-b-\m-p-hm-\mWv; BcmWv B hkvXp- D]tbm-K-s-Spn ka-Im-cn-bm-hp-Xv, BcmWv ZpamKn-bm-hpXv F ]co--W-nv.
Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc a\p-jy kzX-{-\m-sW-nepw a\pjy \nb{-W-n--Xo-X-amb Nne kml-N-cy--fn-emWv Ah P\n-pXpw Pohn-p-Xpw. GXv a\p-jy-s\bpw Ah-p--a-sav ssZhn\v tXmp kml-N-cy--fn-emWv ssZhw P\n-n-p-Xv. {]]
krjv-Sn-bpsS clkyw \iz-c-Po-hn-Iv ]qW-ambpw Dsm-m\m-hn. ]t, a\p-jys\ sFiz-cy-nepw ma-nepw BtcmKy-nepw tcmKm-h--bnepw ]ptcm-K-Xn-bnepw At[m-K-Xn-bnepw
ssZhw ]co--W-hn-t[-b-am-pw. ]e-scbpw ]e-hn-[-n-emWv ssZhw
]co-n-p-Xv. hyXykvX k`--fn-emWv ssZhw ]co-n-pXv. hyXy-kvX k`--fn hnhn[ coXn-I-fm-W-Xn-\p-m-hpI.
AXn-\m, _pn-ap-p-I-fpsS kml-N-cy-fn sXmb amK-a-h-ew_n-m-Xn-cn-pI; AXv Xmm-enIw am{X-am-bn-cnpw. kar-n-bn
ssZhs ad- m- X n- c n- pI; ssZhm- \ p- { K- l - Hc- \ m- a - mWv .

s{]m^. sI.-Fk
- v. cma-Ir-jvWd- mhp

ChnsS Pohn-p-hm\pw acn-p-hm\pw \n hn[n--s-n-cn-pp.

Pohn-p-Xv ssZh-\n-b-a--\p-kr-X-am-Is; acn-p-Xv ssZhns amK- nepw. CXns\ \n hn[n Fv hnfn- t mw.
Fm C-c-n-ep hn[n A\p-\n-anjw Pm{KX ]pem
\nsf t{]cn-n-p-Xv A\p-kyq-Xhpw DuP-kz-e-hp-amb {]bXv\-ns Hc-hm hnti-j-amWv.
Cu euInI PohnXw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-ns Ay-am-sWv
Icp-X-cpXv. imiz-X-amb Hcp PohnXw ac-Wm-\-cw hcm-\n-cn-pp.
AZriy-amb Pohn-X-bm-YmYy-n-te-p Ihm-S-am-WXv. Pohn-Xn Ghpw \nm-c-amb Ia-n-\p-t]mepw AXn-t-Xmb {]Xn^-e-apv. Hcp {]tXy-I-co-Xn-bn-eXv tcJ-s-Sp-pp. ssZh-ns
{]h-\-co-Xn-I-fn NneXv \n-dn-bm-hp--XmWv. ]t, Ahbn-e-[n-Ihpw \nv Am-X-amWv. \n-fn AZr-iy-am-bn-nS-p-Xpw Cu temIv \nv AZr-iy-am-b-Xp-amb kI-eXpw
ASp temI- n \nv Zriy- a mIpw. ka- I m- c n- I
ssZhm- \ p- { K- l - a m- k z- Z npw. Hcp Ipw In- n- m- Xpw Hcp
sNhnbpw tIn-n-m-Xpw Hcp `mh-\-bnepw sXfn-n-n-m--Xpamb hn`-h-! Cu temIv k`w ]mgm-n-b-h \nb-a-ns
A\n-hm-cy-Xbvv hnt[-b-\m-bn-ocpw. Xs {]h-\--fpsS cpNn
AX- h s\ Bkz- Z n- npw. kzI- c - - f psS sNbv X n aqe- a p- f - h mb
Bob tcmK--fpsS Hcp NnIn-m-hn-[nv Ah hnt[-b-\m-bnocpw. imco-cnI ]oU\w Nne-tm kly-amWv; Bob ]oU\w
\c-I-Xp-ey-amWv. AX-k-ly-hp-amWv.

kwXr]vXn, kmbqPyw, kam-[m\w

AXn-\m, A[a-amK-n-tev \bn-p a\-m-n-bpsS
Zpjvt{]-c-W-Isf sNdpp tXmev]n-pI. B sNdpp \n]ns
ASp ]Sn-bmb Ip-t_m-[-a-\p-`-h-s-Sp a\-mn [manI
t_m[-ns Dpw-K-tkm-]m-\-n-te-p-b-cp-hm Pnm-km]qhw DWcp-Xpw A[a-n-s\-Xnsc ka-c-k--am-Ip-Xpw
A\p-`-h-th-Zy-amIpw. CXv Bo-tbm-XvIj-ns Ay-L--amb
kam-[m-\-n-tev ssZh-ns am{Xw kwXr-]vXnbpw ktm-jhpw Is- p B- k w- X r- ] v X n- b n- t ev \bnpw. AtXmsS
kwLj- ns
Lw
Ahkm-\n-pp. ]ns, Bm-hnv ]X-\-an. kXyw hnP-bn-pIbpw AkXyw ]n Xmgvp-Ibpw sNpp. Fm koW-XIfpw AtXmsS ]cn-lr-X-am-Ipp. ssZh-ln-X-n\v ]qW-ambpw
Iogvs]-Sp-I-sb tI{-_n-p-hn hyn-Xz-ns hn`n `mK-

21

-
22 apl-Zv alm-\mb {]hm-NI

DZv{K-Yn-X-am-bn-o-cpp. AXmWv Bm-hv kam-[m\w Is-p

B k`w! Atm ssZhw \nsf kwt_m-[\ sNpw: ""kam[m- \ - ] qW- a mb Bmth, ssZhs \obpw \ns ssZhhpw
Xr]vXn-s \ne-bn \ns \mY--tev aS-pI, Fs ASn-a-Itfm-sSmw \o {]th-in-pI, Fs kzK ]qm-h-\-n \o {]thin-p-sImI!'' CXmWv a\p-jys Ana eyw. Hcp hiv
{]]--ns ssIIm-cy-Imhm-Ip-Ibpw, adp-h-iv ssZhw Ahs\bpw Ah ssZh-sbpw Xr]vXn-s \ne-bn Xs Bmhv
ssZh-n kam-[m\w Is-p-Ibpw sNp-I-sb--XmWv a\pjy- P o- h n- X - ns ]c- a - e yw. kmbqPyw ]qW kmbqPyw;
kwXr]vXn ]qW kwXr]vXn; kam-[m\w ]qW kam-[m\w. Cu
L-n ssZh-tm-Sp kvt\l-am-W-hs Blmcw; Pohn-Xns Pe-[m-c-bmWv Ahs ]m\obw. tJZhpw \jvS-t_m-[hpw
Ahs\ Xop- n. hnPbw Ahs\ Al- m- c ntbm D- t\m
Bp-p-an.
]mm-Xy-temIw {]]--ns ssIIm-cy-Im--fm-hmt\
{ian-p-pq. AXn-\m, Ah-cpsS Bm- kam-[m\w Isp-n.
Cu PohnX Xz-im-kv{X-n-em-Ir-jvS-\mb tXmakv Imsse
Fgp-Xpp: ""\mw ssZh-n\v Iogvs]-Sp-I-sb--XmWv Ckvemw. AXmbXv, ssZh-n-\p ]qW-amb Iogvh-W--n-emWv \psS apgph inbpw IpSn-sIm-p-Xv. ssZhw \tmSv sNp--sXpw
\apv \evIp--sXpwAXv ac-W-am-hs, AXn-s\-m Nobm-hs D-ahpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-am-bn-cnpw. \mw kzbw ssZh-n\n- pI.'' Imsse XpS- c pp: ""CXmWv Ckv e m- s a- n
\msamw Ckvem-an-et Pohn-p--sXv tKmbvtY tNmZn-pp.''
tKmbvtY-bpsS tNmZy-n\v Imsse Xs adp-]Sn ]d-bpp:
""AsX, [a-\n-jvT-amb Pohn-X-ap Fm-hcpw \msamw. Fmepw
D]-cn-temIw \psS `qan-bn-tev Ah-X-cn-n--Xnshv Ghpw
D-X-amb hnm-\-at{X CXv.''