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FULL Download Ebook PDF Introduction To Geography People Places Environment 6th Edition PDF Ebook
FULL Download Ebook PDF Introduction To Geography People Places Environment 6th Edition PDF Ebook
1 Introduction to Geography 3
2 Weather, Climate,
and Climate Change 49
3 Landforms 103
4 Biosphere 137
12 Economy and
Development 451
v
Contents
PREFACE xii
ABOUT THE AUTHORS xvii
THE TEACHING AND LEARNING
PACKAGE xviii
About our sustainability
initiatives xx
The National Geography
Standards xxi
Book and MasteringGeography
Walkthrough xxii
Pearson Choices xxx
1 Introduction
to Geography 3
2 Weather,
Geography Today 7
Contemporary Geography 7 Climate,
Area Analysis 8 and Climate Change 49
Spatial Analysis 14
Energy and Weather 50
Global and Local Is Twitter a Global
Incoming Solar Radiation 50
Network? 19
Storage of Heat in Land and Water 53
Geographic Systems Analysis 19
Heat Transfer Between the Atmosphere
Mapping Earth 22 and Earth 54
The Geographic Grid 22 Heat Exchange and Atmospheric
Communicating Geographic Information: Circulation 58
Maps 25
Precipitation 58
Rapid Change Monitoring Arctic Sea
Mechanisms of Precipitation 59
Ice Extent 31
Circulation Patterns 63
Geographic Information
Technology 31 Pressure and Winds 64
Satellite Technology 31 Global Atmospheric Circulation 66
Explorations Google’s Earth: Seasonal Variations in Global Circulation 68
Visualizing Natural Hazards with Ocean Circulation Patterns 69
a Virtual Globe 32 Storms: Regional-Scale Circulation
Geographic Information Systems 36 Patterns 69
The World in 2050 Challenges of Global Global and Local El Niño/La Niña 70
Change 43
Climate 72
Air Temperature 74
Summary 44 / Key Terms 44 / Review and
Discussion Questions 45 / Thinking Precipitation 75
Geographically 45 Classifying Climate 77
vi
Contents vii
4 Biosphere
Explorations Shrinking Glacial Ice 97
The World in 2050 Future Climates 98 137
Identity and Behavioral Geography 264 The Importance of Language Today 304
Grouping Humans by Culture, Ethnicity, National Languages 304
Race, and Gender 264 Language in Postcolonial Societies 305
Global and Local Sworn Virgins of the Rapid Change Switching Languages
Balkans 267 in New Countries 306
Behavioral Geography 268 Polyglot States 308
Culture Regions 270 Languages in the United States 308
Visual Clues to Culture Areas 270 The Origins and Diffusion of the World’s
Forces that Stabilize the Pattern of Culture Major Religions 310
Regions 273 The Diffusion of Religion 311
Explorations A Cultural Geographic Approach Judaism 312
to Islam and Gender 274
Christianity 313
Trade and Cultural Diffusion 276 Global and Local Religious Fundamentalism
Empire, Trade, and Culture 278 and Political Terrorism 314
Media and Culture 281 Islam 319
Global and Local The Diffusion of “News” 284 Hinduism and Sikhism 322
The Diffusion of U.S. Popular Culture 284 Buddhism 323
Cultural Preservation and Hybridity 286 Other Eastern Religions 324
The World in 2050 One World Media Animism and Shamanism 325
Culture? 288 Religion’s Wider Impact 325
Religion and Cultural Landscapes 326
Summary 290 / Key Terms 290 / Review and
Discussion Questions 291 / Thinking
Religion and Women’s Rights 327
Geographically 291 The World in 2050 A More Religious
World? 331
8 Languages and Religions 293 Summary 332 / Key Terms 332 / Review and
Discussion Questions 333 / Thinking
Defining Languages and Language Regions 294 Geographically 333
Linguistic Geography 294
The World’s Major Languages 296
The Development and Diffusion 9 Food and Agriculture 335
11 A World of States
Aquaculture 358
409
Hunger and Food Security 359
Problems in Increasing Food Production 360 The Development of the Nation-State Idea 412
Sustainable Food Production 363 The Idea of the Nation 412
The World in 2050 Climate Change The Nation-State 412
and Food Security 365
The European Nation-States 413
Europe’s Empires 414
Summary 366 / Key Terms 366 / Review and
Discussion Questions 367 / Thinking The Collapse of Empires 414
Geographically 367 The Geography of Modern States 417
The Shapes of States 417
International Boundaries 418
PART 3 Global and Local U.S. Border Security 419
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN Types of Governments 421
SOCIETY 368 Internal Organization of Territory 422
Rapid Change Arab Spring 424
• Data and Statistics (tables, graphs, maps) on The relevance of its applications makes geography
climate, energy, natural resources, population, an incredibly integrative and valuable field for
and economics are completely updated. study.
• Redesigned maps and illustrations better
highlight geographical patterns and data trends.
Geography Is Dynamic
• MasteringGeography™ is an online homework,
tutorial, and assessment platform designed to It is important to know the current distributions of
improve results by helping students quickly landforms, people, languages, religions, cities, and
master concepts. Students benefit from self-paced economic activities—and to understand that none of
tutorials that feature immediate wrong-answer these patterns is static. Earth’s surface is constantly
feedback and hints that emulate the office-hour changing. Social, political, and economic forces con-
experience to help keep students on track. stantly redistribute human activities. While many
think of maps when they think of geography, we can
understand maps of economic or cultural activity
Three Important Themes only if we understand the patterns of movement that
This textbook emphasizes three themes integral to the create them. Modern geography explores the forces
study of geography. First, geography examines the at work behind the maps.
interrelationships between humans and their natural Every day, events trigger changes in geography:
environment; second, many basic principles of human A volcano erupts in Mexico; a bountiful harvest in
geography can be studied and demonstrated both lo- Argentina improves the diet available to Africans;
cally and globally; and third, geography is dynamic. Canadian scientists synthesize a mineral substitute
for one previously imported; new governments redi-
rect international alliances, economic links, and mi-
Geography Explores gration streams. American movies and music diffuse
Interrelationships Between our culture around the world, while we adopt foods
such as sushi, dosas, and falafel. Developing coun-
Humans and the Environment tries and the developed world add industrial sources
The study of Earth’s climates, soils, vegetation, and of air pollution and change the chemical composition
physical features, or physical geography, sets the stage of Earth’s atmosphere. Protestant Christianity wins
upon which we act out our lives. A great deal of converts throughout Latin America; nations adopt
human effort is spent wresting a living from the en- new official languages and governments open fam-
vironment, adjusting to it, or altering it. ily planning clinics. Elsewhere, Islamic fundamen-
Chapters 2 through 5 of this book offer an over- talists win political power and curb women’s rights.
view of Earth’s physical environment, the natural All these events remap world cultural, political, and
resources on which we depend, and how humans economic landscapes. Today’s dynamic geography
transform Earth’s environments. The theme of doesn’t just exist; it happens. In every topic covered
human–environmental interaction is incorporated in this text, it is our goal not only to describe distribu-
throughout the book. tions and locations but to explain them.
Maps, Cartograms, and GIS governments counted and published a statistic called
gross national product (GNP), but today that statistic
Geography is data-rich discipline, requiring robust is often replaced by a slightly different measure called
visualizations to effectively communicate compli- the gross national income (GNI). The meaning of GNI
cated ideas and spatial information. A variety of is explained in Chapter 12.
maps illustrate this book, all created using the lat- The statistics in this textbook are as up to date
est data sources and GIS techniques. Many include as possible using the most reliable sources as of
relief shading to show surface features. Traditional 2013. The text notes the direction in which many
maps illustrate distributions as mosaic patterns of of these measures are changing, and in many cases
color. Flow maps use arrows and lines to represent we have dared to predict their future direction. The
movements of people or of goods—the numbers U.S. population will probably continue to rise, and
of passengers flying major airline routes across the the percentage of the national labor force working
United States, for example (Figure 1-17). We include in manufacturing will probably continue to fall. We
a graphic (Figure 1-27) that illustrates the variety of encourage you to go to the library or to search the
thematic mapping styles, with references to maps in Internet to update those measures.
the book that use specific styles. A variety of other
visual devices are also used to explain concepts and
present information, including process diagrams, il- This Book’s Media
lustrations, tables, bar graphs, and pie graphs. Introduction to Geography features an innova-
The discussion of GIS technologies and carto- tive integration of media and connections to the
graphic visualization has been expanded in Chapter 1. MasteringGeography™ platform, giving students and
We have increased the use of remote sensed imagery instructors flexible self-study and assessment options.
throughout the book, and have stressed the role of
• Quick Response (QR) codes. Traditional books
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology for
are challenged to provide students with quick
both science and management in a changing world.
and easy access to relevant media and updated
data. QR codes integrated throughout each
A Word About Numbers chapter help solve this problem, enabling stu-
dents to use their mobile devices to easily and
This book contains many numbers—measurements instantly access online images, media, and data.
of populations, economic conditions, production of • MapMaster™ Interactive Maps. Maps comprise
various commodities, world trade, and more. These an important part of the geographer’s toolset,
measures come from a variety of sources—private but traditional print maps are limited in their
organizations, national governments, international ability to allow students to dynamically isolate
organizations—and they are the best available. Such or compare different spatial data. Available in
numbers, however, must always be read with two MasteringGeography both for student self-study
considerations in mind: reliability and date. and for teachers as assignable and automati-
The compilation of measures is a tremendously cally gradable assessment activities, MapMaster
difficult task. For example, the United States is the Interactive Maps act as mini-GIS tools that allow
world’s richest country, with many highly skilled students to overlay, isolate, and examine different
government workers—yet the government admits thematic data at regional and global scales. Icons
that the national census is probably inaccurate by a for various MapMaster maps are integrated into
factor of 5% to 7%. We do not want to promote cyni- chapters, encouraging students to log into the
cism about the value or reliability of statistics, but an Study Area of MasteringGeography to explore
educated person does exercise judgment about the additional map data layers and extend their
probable exactitude of any figure. learning beyond the book’s maps. Teachers also
The second caution is that the measures them- have access to a separate large suite of MapMaster
selves change. It takes a long time to gather and com- activities for each chapter, including hundreds
pile statistics, so the measures may seem out of date by of multiple-choice questions that can be custom-
the time they are published. This is especially true of ized, assigned, and automatically graded by the
international comparative statistics. For example, each MasteringGeography system, for a wide range of
year the United Nations Conference on Trade and De- interactive mapping assessment activity options.
velopment (UNCTAD) publishes a handbook of sta- • Geoscience Animations. Static 2-D print figures
tistics of world trade, but the book appears three or do not always present a convenient way to visu-
four years after its date, and many statistics recorded alize complicated physical processes that occur
were measured years before the date of the volume. over vast expanses of space and time. Avail-
Furthermore, governments sometimes change the able in MasteringGeography both for student
way they measure things. For example, for many years self-study and as assignable and automatically
Preface xv
managed the project from its beginning stages through managed the supplement program. Thanks to supple-
the journey to publication. Development Editor Karen ment authors Amy D’Angelo (State University of New
Gulliver lent a keen eye to every detail during the edit- York at Oswego) and Richard Walasek (University of
ing and production process; this is a better book thanks Wisconsin, Parkside). We have enjoyed working with
to her. Caitlin Finlayson (Florida State University) and all of these people, and we thank them. Contemporary
Adrienne Domas (Michigan State University) contrib- geography is a wide field that covers many topics and,
uted important comments and suggestions; we thank quite literally, the entire world. We have strived to
them for their careful work. Thanks to Bethany S exton present our field in its diversity by selecting carefully
for managing the review process. Emily Bush and from the work of our peers and others. We welcome
Gina Cheselka provided invaluable assistance during suggestions and ideas for how to improve our efforts
production; Carolyn Arcabascio, photo researcher, did in service to the teaching of our discipline.
an exceptional job of finding excellent imagery; Ziki
Carl T. Dahlman
Dekel produced and managed the MasteringGeog-
raphy™ program for the book; and Kristen Sanchez William H. Renwick
About the Authors
xvii
The Teaching and Learning Package
For Teachers and Students Television for the Environment Life Human
Geography Videos (0132416565): This three-
MasteringGeography™ with DVD set is designed to enhance any human geogra-
phy course. These DVDs include 14 full-length video
Pearson eText programs from Television for the Environment’s
The Mastering platform is the most widely used and ef- global Life series, covering a wide array of issues
fective online homework, tutorial, and assessment sys- affecting people and places in the contemporary
tem for the sciences. It delivers self-paced tutorials that world, including the serious health risks of pregnant
provide individualized coaching, focus on your course women in Bangladesh, the social inequalities of
objectives, and are responsive to each student’s prog- the “untouchables” in the Hindu caste system, and
ress. The Mastering system helps teachers maximize Ghana’s struggle to compete in a global market.
class time with customizable, easy-to-assign, and auto-
matically graded assessments that motivate students to
Geoscience Animation Library 5th edition
learn outside class and arrive prepared for lecture. (0321716841): Created through a unique collabo-
MasteringGeography offers: ration among Pearson’s leading geoscience authors,
this DVD resource offers over 100 animations cover-
• Assignable activities that include MapMaster™ ing the most difficult-to-visualize topics in physical
Interactive Maps, Encounter Google Earth™ Explo-
geology, physical geography, oceanography, meteo-
rations, Videos, Geoscience Animations, Map Pro-
rology, and earth science.
jection tutorials, GeoTutors on the toughest topics
in geography, Thinking Spatially and Data Analy- Practicing Geography: by Association of
sis activities, end-of-chapter questions and exer- American Geographers (0321811151): This
cises, reading quizzes, and Test Bank questions. book examines career opportunities for geographers
• Student Study Area with MapMaster™ Interac- and geospatial professionals in business, govern-
tive Maps, Videos, Geoscience Animations, web ment, nonprofit, and educational sectors. A diverse
links, videos, glossary flashcards, “In the News” group of academic and industry professionals share
RSS feeds, chapter quizzes, optional Pearson eText insights on career planning, networking, transition-
including versions for iPad and Android tablet de- ing between employment sectors, and balancing
vices, and more. www.MasteringGeography.com work and home life. The book illustrates the value
of geographic expertise and technologies through
Television for the Environment Earth Report engaging profiles and case studies.
Videos (0321662989): This three-DVD set helps
students visualize how human decisions and behavior Teaching College Geography: by
have affected the environment and how individuals Association of American Geographers
are taking steps toward recovery. With topics rang- (0136054471): This two-part resource provides
ing from the poor land management promoting the a starting point for becoming an effective geogra-
devastation of river systems in Central America, to phy teacher. Part One addresses “nuts-and-bolts”
the struggles for electricity in China and Africa, these teaching issues. Part Two explores being an effective
13 videos from Television for the Environment’s global teacher in the field, supporting critical thinking with
Earth Report series recognize the efforts of individuals GIS and mapping technologies, engaging learners in
around the world to unite and protect the planet. large geography classes, and promoting awareness
of international perspectives and geographic issues.
Television for the Environment Life
World Regional Geography Videos Aspiring Academics: by Association of
(013159348X): From the Television for the American Geographers (0136048919):
Environment’s global Life series, this two-DVD set Drawing on several years of research, these essays are
brings globalization and the developing world to the designed to help graduate students and early career
attention of any world regional geography course. faculty start their careers in geography and related
These 10 full-length video programs highlight matters social and environmental sciences. Aspiring Academics
such as the growing number of homeless children in stresses the interdependence of teaching, research, and
Russia, the lives of immigrants living in the United service—and the importance of achieving a healthy
States trying to aid family still living in their native balance of professional and personal life—while doing
countries, and the European conflict between com- faculty work. Each chapter provides accessible, for-
mercial interests and environmental concerns. ward-looking advice on topics that often cause the most
xviii stress in the first years of teaching.
The Teaching and Learning Package xix
Learning Catalytics™ is a “bring your own device” This Instructor Resource Center content is also
student engagement, assessment, and classroom in- available completely online via the Instructor Re-
telligence system. This technology has grown out of sources section of MasteringGeography and www
20 years of cutting-edge research, innovation, and .pearsonhighered.com/irc.
implementation of interactive teaching and peer in-
struction. With Learning Catalytics you can:
For Students
• Assess students in real time, using open-ended
tasks to probe student understanding. Goode’s World Atlas, 22nd Edition
• Understand immediately where students are and (0321652002): Goode’s World Atlas has been the
adjust your lecture accordingly. world’s premiere educational atlas since 1923—and for
• Improve your students’ critical-thinking skills. good reason. It features more than 250 pages of maps,
• Access rich analytics to understand student from definitive physical and political maps to impor-
performance. tant thematic maps that illustrate the spatial aspects of
• Add your own questions to make Learning many important topics. The 22nd edition includes 160
Catalytics fit your course exactly. pages of new, digitally produced reference maps, as
• Manage student interactions with intelligent well as new thematic maps on global climate change,
grouping and timing. sea level rise, CO2 emissions, polar ice fluctuations,
deforestation, extreme weather events, infectious dis-
Available integrated with MasteringGeography.
eases, water resources, and energy production.
www.learningcatalytics.com
Instructor Resource Manual (download only) Dire Predictions: Understanding
(0321935217): Written by Richard Walasek Global Warming by Michael Mann and Lee
(University of Wisconsin-Parkside), the IRM includes R. Kump (0136044352): This text is for students
a chapter review summary, chapter outline, possible in any science or social science course who are in
questions and topics for discussions and exams, and need of a basic understanding of Intergovernmental
representative answers to all Checkpoint, Review and Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. In just over
Discussion, and Thinking Geographically questions. 200 pages, this practical text presents and expands
upon the essential findings of the IPCC in a visually
TestGen/Test Bank (download only) stunning and undeniably powerful way to the lay
(0321935039): TestGen is a computerized test gener- reader. Scientific findings that provide validity to the
ator that lets teachers view and edit Test Bank questions, implications of climate change are presented using
transfer questions to tests, and print the test in a variety striking graphics and understandable analogies.
of customized formats. Authored by Amy D’Angelo
(SUNY Oswego), this Test Bank includes approximately
1,300 multiple-choice, true/false, and short-answer/ Pearson’s Encounter Series
essay questions. Questions are correlated against the Pearson’s Encounter series provides rich, interactive
revised U.S. National Geography Standards, chapter- explorations of geoscience concepts through Google
specific learning outcomes, and Bloom’s Taxonomy to Earth™ activities, exploring a range of topics in re-
help teachers better map the assessments against both gional, human, and physical geography. For those
broad and specific teaching and learning objectives. The who do not use MasteringGeography™, all chapter
Test Bank is also available in Microsoft Word® and can explorations are available in print workbooks as well
be imported into Blackboard. as in online quizzes, at www.mygeoscienceplace.com,
Instructor Resource DVD (0321935128): This accommodating different classroom needs. Each ex-
DVD provides everything teachers need where they ploration consists of a worksheet, online quizzes, and
want it. The Instructor Resource DVD helps make a corresponding Google Earth™ KMZ file.
teachers more effective by saving them time and • Encounter Human Geography by Jess C. Porter
effort. All digital resources can be found in one well- (0321682203)
organized, easy-to-access place. This DVD includes: • Encounter World Regional Geography by Jess C.
• All book images as JPEGs, PDFs, and Power- Porter (0321681754)
Points™ • Encounter Physical Geography by Jess C. Porter
• Pre-authored Lecture Outline PowerPoints™, and Stephen O’Connell (0321672526)
which outline the concepts of each chapter with • Encounter Geosystems by Charlie Thomsen
embedded art and can be customized to fit teach- (0321636996)
ers’ lecture requirements • Encounter Earth by Steve Kluge (0321581296)
About Our Sustainability Initiatives
xx
U.S. National Geography Standards
In 1994 the U.S. Congress adopted Goals 2000: The Educate America Act (Public Law 103-227). This act listed geography among
the fundamental subjects of a national curriculum. Geographical understanding, wrote Congress, is essential to achieve
“productive and responsible citizenship in the global economy.” Several academic and scholarly geographical organizations
collaboratively produced an agreed-upon core of geographic material and ideas, which was published as Geography for Life: The
National Geography Standards, revised into a second edition in 2012. These 18 Standards and the Essential Elements specify the
geographical subject matter and skills that U.S. students should master.
The goals demonstrate the degree to which geographic knowledge is essential for both understanding and effectively m anaging
environmental and human relations in the 21st century. They were established in the hope that all persons educated in the
public school system become geographically knowledgeable. In this book, we go beyond these standards in the treatment of
both subject matter and thinking skills, but we provide here the outline of the goals in order to demonstrate the great breadth of
the field.
xxi
Structured Learning to guide
and engage StudentS
An integrated learning path supports active learning,
application, and mastery of geographic concepts.
9
Chapter
they read.
family farms to large agribusinesses. The powerful agrochemical
industry denies any risk to honeybees. • Explain the importance of land reform in the
developing world.
Other aspects of industrial farming may add to the honeybees’
vulnerability. Fewer farms mean fewer colonies and America to-
day has half the number of colonies it did in the 1940s. Honey-
bees are, themselves, agricultural commodities, rented to farmers.
Many beekeepers rotate their colonies through different farms on
a seasonal basis. The smaller number of colonies that exist in the
United States may now be more exposed to the causes of colony
collapse than honeybees that stay put.
Climate, Crops,
and Bees a Look ahead
A Look Ahead briefly outlines the
Feeding a Growing Population
Humans have managed to grow enough food to support an ever-growing population by opening new lands to agriculture,
main points in each
chapter.
redistributing and improving crops, and applying technology to agriculture.
Agriculture Systems
Agricultural regions are primarily distinguished by what crop is grown. Some are basically subsistence farming, grown for
use by farmers and their communities. Others are predominantly commercial.
Livestock Around the World
Humans raise animals mainly for meat and milk. Many crops are grown to feed animals. Livestock present many
environmental problems. Dairying is a special kind of livestock raising.
Aquatic Food Supplies
Oceans and inland waters provide large quantities of food that are vital for many countries and local communities. Some
fisheries are in decline from overfishing. Aquaculture offers new possibilities for fish supplies.
Language: English
An Autobiography.
FIRST PART.
JOHN G. PATON,
MISSIONARY TO THE NEW HEBRIDES.
AN AUTOBIOGRAPHY.
EDITED BY HIS BROTHER.
NEW HEBRIDES.
An Autobiography.
FIRST PART.
CHAPTER II.
AT SCHOOL AND COLLEGE.
A Typical Scottish School 31
An Unacknowledged Prize 32
A Wayward Master 33
Learning a Trade 33
My Father’s Prayers 34
“Jehovah Jireh” 34
With Sappers and Miners 36
The Harvest Field 38
On the Road to Glasgow 39
A Memorable Parting 40
Before the Examiners 42
Killing Work 43
Deep Waters 44
Maryhill School 45
Rough School Scenes 46
“Aut Cæsar Aut Nullus” 48
My Wages 49
CHAPTER III.
IN GLASGOW CITY MISSION.
“He Leadeth Me” 53
A Degraded District 55
The Gospel in a Hay-Loft 56
New Mission Premises 58
At Work for Jesus 59
At War with Hell 62
Sowing Gospel Seed 64
Publicans on the War Path 65
Marched to the Police Office 67
Papists and Infidels 69
An Infidel Saved 70
An Infidel in Despair 71
A Brand from the Burning 72
A Saintly Child 75
Papists in Arms 77
Elder and Student 81
CHAPTER IV.
FOREIGN MISSION CLAIMS.
The Wail of the Heathen 85
A Missionary Wanted 85
Two Souls on the Altar 87
Lions in the Path 89
The Old Folks at Home 92
Successors in Green Street Mission 95
Old Green Street Hands 97
A Father in God 97
CHAPTER V.
THE NEW HEBRIDES.
License and Ordination 101
At Sea 102
From Melbourne to Aneityum 102
Settlement on Tanna 105
Our Mission Stations 106
Diplomatic Chiefs 107
Painful First Impressions 108
Bloody Scenes 109
The Widow’s Doom 111
CHAPTER VI.
LIFE AND DEATH ON TANNA.
Our Island Home 115
Learning the Language 116
A Religion of Fear 118
With or Without a God 119
Ideas of the Invisible 120
Gods and Demons 121
My Companion Missionary 122
Pioneers in New Hebrides 123
Missionaries of Aneityum 125
The Lord’s Arrowroot 126
Unhealthy Sites 127
The Great Bereavement 129
Memorial Tributes 131
Selwyn and Patteson at a Tanna Grave 133
Her Last Letter 134
Last Words 137
Presentiment and Mystery 138
CHAPTER VII.
MISSION LEAVES FROM TANNA.
Tannese Natives 141
“Tabooed” 142
Jehovah’s Rain 143
“Big Hays” 144
War and Cannibalism 145
The Lot of Woman 146
Sacred Days 148
Preaching in Villages 149
Native Teachers 150
The War Shell 151
Deadly Superstitions 152
A League of Blood 154
Chiefs in Council 155
Defence of Women 157
A League of Peace 157
Secret Disciples 159
A Christo-Heathen Funeral 159
Clever Thieves 160
Ships of Fire 164
H.M.S. Cordelia 166
Captain Vernon and Miaki 167
The Captain and the Chiefs 168
The John Williams 169
Evanescent Impressions 170
A House on the Hill 171
In Fever Grips 171
“Noble Old Abraham” 172
Critics in Easy Chairs 174
CHAPTER VIII.
MORE MISSION LEAVES FROM TANNA.
The Blood-Fiend Unleashed 179
In the Camp of the Enemy 180
A Typical South Sea Trader 182
Young Rarip’s Death 183
The Trader’s Retribution 185
Worship and War 186
Saved from Strangling 187
Wrath Restrained 188
Under the Axe 191
The Clubbing of Namuri 193
A Native Saint and Martyr 195
Bribes Refused 197
Widows Rescued 197
The Sinking of a Well 198
Church-Building on Tanna 199
Ancient Stone God 201
Printing First Tannese Book 201
A Christian Captain 203
Levelled Muskets 204
A French Refugee 205
A Villainous Captain 208
Like Master—Like Men 209
Wrecked on Purpose 212
The Kanaka Traffic 213
A Heathen Festival 215
Sacrifices to Idols 218
Heathen Dance and Sham Fight 219
Six Native Teachers 221
A Homeric Episode 222
Victims for Cannibal Feast 223
The Jaws of Death 224
Nahak or Sorcery 226
Killing me by Nahak 227
Nahak Defied 229
Protected by Jehovah 230
“Almost Persuaded” 231
Escorted to the Battle-Field 232
Praying for Enemies 233
Our Canoe on the Reef 233
A Perilous Pilgrimage 236
Rocks and Waters 237
CHAPTER IX.
DEEPENING SHADOWS.
Welcome Guests 243
A Fiendish Deed 244
The Plague of Measles 245
A Heroic Soul 246
Horrors of Epidemic 247
A Memorable New Year 248
A Missionary Attacked 249
In the Valley of the Shadow 251
Blow from an Adze 252
A Missionary’s Death 253
Mrs. Johnston’s Letter 255
A Heavy Loss 256
The Story of Kowia 256
Kowia’s Soliloquy 258
The Passing of Kowia 259
Mortality of Measles 261
Fuel to the Fire 262
Hurricanes 262
A Spate of Blood and Terror 263
Nowar Vacillates 265
The Anger of the Gods 265
Not Afraid to Die 266
Martyrs of Erromanga 267
Visit to the Gordons 268
Their Martyrdom 269
Vindication of the Gordons 270
Gordon’s Last Letter 272
Plots of Murder 273
Death by Nahak 275
Nowar Halting Again 275
Old Abraham’s Prayer 277
Miaki and the Mission House 278
Satanic Influences 280
Perplexity Deepening 280
Bishop Selwyn’s Testimony 281
Rotten Tracts 283
Captain and Mate of Blue Bell 285
My Precious Dog 287
Fishing Nets and Kawases 288
The Taro Plant 290
The Kava Drink 290
Katasian and the Club Scene 291
The Yams 292
Sunshine and Shadow 292
Teachers Demoralized 293
The Chief’s Alphabet 294