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Percentile Classes
Binomial Theorem

Pascal's Triangle

Pascal's triangle gives the direct binomial coefficients.

Binomial expression

An algebraic expression consisting of two terms with +ue or −ue sign between them is called a binomial
expression.
 p q  1 4 
For example: ( a + b ) , ( 2x − 3y ),  − , +  etc.
x 2
x 4   x y 3 
Binomial theorem for positive integral index

The rule by which any power of binomial can be expanded is called the binomial theorem.
If n is a positive integer and x, y, C then
( x + y )n = nC0 x n −0 y 0 + nC1x n −1y 1 + nC2 x n −2 y 2 + .............
+ nCr x n −r y r + ....... + nCn −1xy n −1 + nCn x 0 y n
n
i .e., ( x + y ) =  nCr .x n−r .y r
n

r =0

Here C0 . C1. nC2 ....... nCn are called binomial coefficient

n n

n! n
and nCr = for 0  r  n, nCr is also written as   .
r ! ( n − r )! r 
 Page 2 of 22

Characteristics of the expansion (x + y )n

Observing to the expansion of ( x + y )n n  N, we find that
(i) The total number of terms in the expansion = ( n + 1) i.e. one more than the index n.
(ii) In every successive term of the expansion the power of x decreases by 1 and the power of second term
increases by 1. In any term of expansion of ( x + y )n the sum of the exponents of x and y is always constant =
n(index).
(iii) ( x + y ) = Sum of odd terms + Sum of even terms.
n

(iv) The binomial coefficients of the terms which are at equidistant from the beginning and from the end are
always equal i .e., = nCr = nCn −r
Thus i .e., nC0 = nCn , nC1 = nCn −1, nC2 = nCn −2 etc.
n +1
(iv) i .e., nCr −1 + nCr = Cr .

We know that

(x + y)n = nC0. xn + nC1. xn–1. y + ……. + nCr. xn– r. yr+…..+ nCn. yn …..(i)

Put – y in place of y in equation (i) then

(x – y)n = nC0xn + nC1xn–1(– y) + nC2xn– 2(–y)2 +…..+ nCr. xn– r ( – y)r +…+ nCnx0( – y)n.

(x – y)n = nC0xn – nC1 xn–1y + nC2xn– 2 y2 –.…+ (–1 )r nCrxn– ryr +…+ (–1)n nCn x0yn…(ii)

Now replacing x by 1 and y by x in equation (i)

(1 + x)n =nC0 + nC1 x + nC2 x2 + …….. + nCnx n ………(iii)

Now replacing x by 1 and y by (–x) in equation (i)

(1 – x)n = nC0 – nC1 x + nC2 x2 – … ….. + (–1)n nCn x n …….…(iv)

(x + y)n +(x – y)n = nC0xn + nC2xn–2y2 + nC4xn–4y4 +.....…….

(x + y)n –(x – y)n = nC1xn–1y1 + nC3xn–3y3 +.....…….

If n is odd, then ( x + y ) + ( x − y ) and ( x + y ) − ( x − y ) , both have the same number of terms equal to
n n n n
❖
 n + 1
 2 .
 
n  n
If n is even, then ( x + y ) + ( x − y ) has  + 1 . terms and ( x + y ) − ( x − y ) has
n n n n
❖ terms.
2  2
7
 1
Example :Expand  x + 
 x

7
 1 1 7 1 1
Solution:  x +  = 7C 0 x7 + 7C 1 x6 + C 2 x5 2 + 7C 3 a4 3
 x x x x

1 1 1 1
+ 7C 4x3 4
+7C 5 x2 5
+7C 6 x 6
+ 7C 6
x x x x7
 Page 3 of 22

35 21 7 1
= x7 + 7 x5+21 x3 + 35 x + + 3+ 5+ 7.
x x x x

(183 + 7 3 + 3.18.7.25)
Example :The value of
36 + 6.243.2 + 15.81.4 + 20.27.8 + 15.9.16 + 6.3.32 + 64

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) none of these

Solution: The numerator is of the form a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b) = (a + b) 3

where a = 18 and b = 7

 Nr = (18 + 7) 3 = (25) 3

Denominator can be written as

36 + 6C1 .35.21 + 6C2 .34.22 + 6C3 .33.23 + 6C4 .32.24 + 6C5 .3.25 + 6C1 .26

= (3 + 2)6 = 56 = (25) 3

Nr (25) 3
 = =1
Dr (25) 3

So the correct option is (a).

Example :The positive integer which is just greater than (1 + 0.0001)1000 is

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 2

Solution: Expression on expansion gives

1000 999 –8
1 + 1000 + 10–4 + 10 + 1000
C310–12
2

1 1 1 1 10
<1+ + + +…= = .
10 100 1000 1 9
1−
10

So integer just greater than the given expression must be 2.

So the correct option is (d).

Example :

Solution:
 Page 4 of 22

Number of terms in the expansion of ( a + b + c )n and ( a + b + c + d )n

( a + b + c )n can be expended as : ( a + b + c )n = ( a + b ) + cn
( a + b )n + nc1 ( a + b )n −1 ( c )1 + nc2 ( a + b )n −2 ( c )2 + ...... ncnc n
= ( n + 1) term + n term + ( n − 1) term + ..... + 1 term
 Total number of terms =
( n + 1)( n + 2)
( n + 1) + ( n ) + ( n − 1) + ....... + 1 = .
2
Similarly, number of terms in the expansion of
( n + 1)( n + 2)( n + 3 )
( a + b + c + d )n = .
6
The number of terms in the expansion of ( x1 + x2 + ...... + xr ) = n + r −1
n
Cr −1.
Example :The number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c)n, where n  N, is

(n + 1)( n + 2)
(a) (b) n+1 (c) n+2 (d) (n + 1)n
2

Solution:

(a + (b + c))n = an + nC1 an – 1(b + c) 1+ nC2 an – 2(b + c) 2 + ….…+ nCn (b + c)n.

Further expanding each term of RHS.

First term on expansion gives one term

Second term on expansion gives two terms.

Third term on expansion gives three terms and so on.

(n + 1)( n + 2)
Total no. of terms = 1+2 + 3 + …+(n + 1) =
2

So the correct option is (a).

1. The value of ( 2 + 1) + ( 2 − 1) is
6 6

(a) 198 (b) – 198 (c) 99 (d) – 99

2. If the expression

[x +(x3 – 1)1/2]5 +[x – (x3 – 1)1/2]5 is an n degree polynomial, then n is equal to

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8

3. After simplification, the number of terms in the expansion of (x + a)100 - (x – a)100 is

(a) 101 (b) 51 (c) 50 (d) None

4. If A and B are the sums of odd and even terms respectively in the expansion of

(x + a)2n – (x – a)2n is equal to

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(a) 4(A + B) (b) 4(A – B) (c) AB (d) 4AB

5. The larger of 9950 + 10050 and 10150 is

(a) 9950 + 10050 (b) Both are equal (c) 10150 (d) None of these
6. The number of non-zero terms in the expansion of (1 + 3 2 x)9 + (1 − 3 2 x)9 is
(a) 9 (b) 0 (c) 5 (d) 10
7. The greatest integer which divides the number 101 −1 , is 100

(a) 100 (b) 1000 (c) 10000 (d) 100000

3000
8. The approximate value of (1.0002) is
a) 1.6 (b) 1.4 (c) 1.8 (d) 1.2
10000
9. The positive integer just greater than (1 + 0.0001) is

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 2 (d) 3

10. If number of terms in the expansion of ( x − 2 y + 3 z ) n are 45, then n=
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) None of these

General terms
In the expansion of ( x + y )n ( r + 1)th term is called the general term which can be represented by Tr +1
n −r
Tr +1 = nCr x n −r ar = nCr ( first term ) ( sec ond term )r .
Kth term from end in the expansion of (x+y)n =(n- k +2)th from the beginning in (x+y)n or Kth term
from beginning in (y+x)n .
25
 1 
Example : Find the 11 term from the end in the expansion of  2 x − 2 
th
.
 x 

Solution: Clearly, the given expansion contains 26 terms.

Therefore, 11th term from the end is (26 – 11 + 1)th term from the beginning

i.e., 16th term from the beginning

15
25 – 15  1 
25
T16 = T15 + 1 = C15 (2x)  − 
 x2 

(−1)15 210
= 25C15 . 210.x10 = – 25C15 .
x 30 x 20

Hence, required term = – 25C15 . 210.x–20.

Middle term
The middle term depends upon the value of n.
(1) When n is even, then total number of terms in The expansion of ( x + y ) is n + 1 (odd). So there is only
n

th
  n
one middle term i .e.,  + 1 term is the middle term. T n  = nCn /2 x n /2 y n /2
2   +1 2 
 
 Page 6 of 22

(2) When n is odd, then total number of terms in expansion of ( x + y )n is n + 1 (even). So, there are two
th th
n + 1 n+3
middle terms i .e.,   and   are two middle terms.
 2   2 
n +1 n −1 n −1 n +1
n n
T n +1 = C n −1 x 2 y 2 and T n +3  = C n +1 x 2 y 2
 2   2 
  2   2

• When there are two middle terms in the expansion then their binomial coefficients are equal.
• Binomial coefficient of middle term is the greatest binomial coefficient.

Example : Find the middle term in the expression of (1– 2x + x2)n.

Solution:

(1– 2x + x2)n = [(1 –x)2]n = (1 – x)2n

 2n 
Here 2n is even integer, therefore  + 1 th
 1 

i.e. (n + 1)th term will be the middle term

Now (n +1)th term in (1 –x)2n

= 2nCn(1)2n –n (–x)n

( 2n )!
= 2nCn(–x)n = (–x)n
n !n !

To determine a particular term in the expansion

n
 1  n − m
In the expansion of  x    , if x m occurs in Tr +1, then r is given by n − r ( +  ) = m  r =
 x   +
Thus in above expansion if constant term which is independent of x, occurs in Tr +1 then r is determined by
n
n − r ( +  ) = 0  r =
 +
If the coefficients of pth , q th terms in the expansion of (1 − x ) are equal, then p + q = n + 2.
n
❖
Independent term or Constant term
Independent term or constant term of a binomial expansion is the term in which exponent of the variable is
zero.
Condition: ( n − r ) Power of x  = +r Power of y  = 0, in the expression of ( x + y ) .
n

15
 3a 
Example : Find the co-efficient of x24 in  x 2 + 
 x

Solution : Since, general term ((r +1)th term) in

15 r
 2 3a   3a 
 x +  = 15Cr( x2 )15 – r  
 x  x 
 Page 7 of 22

3r a r
= 15
Cr( x30 –2r r
= 15
Cr 3r ar x30 –3r
x

If this term contains x24. Then

30 –3r = 24  3r = 6  r=2

Therefore , the co-efficient of x24 = 15C2  9a2

Example :

The ratio of the coefficient of x15 to the term independent of x in [x2 +2/x] 15 is

(a) 12 : 32 (b)1 : 32 (c) 32 : 12 (d) 32 : 1

Solution: General term in the expansion is

r
2
15
Cr (x2)15 – r   i.e., 15Cr x30 – 3r .2r
 x

Coefficient of x15 is 15C5 25 (r = 5)

Coefficient of constant term is 15C10 210 (r = 10)

Ratio is 1 : 32. (15C5 = 15C10).

So the correct option is (b).

10
 x  3 
Example : The term independent of x in  +    is
 3  2 x 2  

10
(a) 1 (b) 5/12 (c) C1(d) none

Solution: General term in the expansion is

r 10 − r 3r
 x 2  3  2 − 10 35 − r
= 10
Cr     = 10
Cr x 2
3 10 − r
 2x 2 
2 2

3r 20
For constant term, = 10  r= .
2 3

Which is not an integer. Therefore, there will be not constant term.

So the correct option is (d).

If nCx = nCy, then either x = y or x + y = n

n!
So, nCr = nCn – r =
r !( n − r )!
 Page 8 of 22

Example : If in the expansion of ( 1+ x)43, the coefficient of (2r + 1)th term is equal to the
coefficient of (r + 2)th term find r.

Solution: Given in the expansion of

(1+ x)43, the coefficient of (2r +1)th term = the coefficient of (r +1)th term

so , 43
C2r =43C2r = 43Cr + 1  2r + r +1 = 43 or r = 14

( )
N
Method for finding terms free from radicals or rational terms in the expansion of a1/ p + b1/ q a, b 

prime numbers:
N −r r

( ) (b )
N −r r
N 1/ p 1/ q N
Find the general term Tr +1 = Cr a = Cr a p
.b q

Putting the values of 0  r  N, when indices of a and b are integers.

• Number of irrational terms = Total terms - Number rational terms.

Example :

Solution :

Greatest term and Greatest coefficient

Greatest term: If Tr and Tr +1 be the r th and ( r + 1) terms in the expansion of (1 + x ) , then

th n

n
Tr +1 Cr x r n − r +1
= = x
Tr n r −1 r
Cr −1x
Tr +1
Let numerically, Tr +1 be the greatest term in the above expression, Then Tr +1  Tr or 1
Tr
n − r +1 ( n + 1)
 x  1 or r  x ...........(i)
r (1 + x )
Now substituting values of n and x in (i), we get r  m + f or r  m, where m is a positive integer and f is a
fraction such that 0  f  1.
When n is even Tm+1 is the greatest term, when n is odd Tm and Tm+1 are the greatest terms and both are
equal.
 Page 9 of 22

Short cut method : To find the greatest term (numerically) in the expansion of (1 + x )n .
x ( n + 1)
(i) Calculate m =
x +1
(ii) If m is integer, then Tm and Tm+1 are equal and both are greatest term.
(iii) If m is not integer, then T( m +1 is the greatest term, where . denotes the greatest integral part.

For finding the greatest term in the expansion of ( x + y ) . we rewrite the expansion in this form
n
❖
n
( x + y )n . = x n 1 +
y
.
 x 
n
Greatest term in ( x + y )n . = x n . Greatest term in  1 +  .
y
 x

Greatest coefficient

(i) If n is even, then greatest coefficient is nCn /2 .

(ii) If n is odd, then greatest coefficient are nC n +1 and nC n +3 .
2 2
Example : Find the greatest term in the expansion of(2+ 3x)9 if x = 3/2.

Tr +1  n − r + 1  3x 
Solution: =  
Tr  r  2

 10 − r   3x   3
=    ,  where x = 
 r   2  2

 10 − r   3 10 − r
=    (3/2) = . 9/4
 r   2 r

Tr +1 90 − 9r
=
Tr 4r

Therefore Tr+1  Tr if

90–9r  4r  90  13r

90
r , r being an integer, hence r = 6
13

113.7
Tr +1 =T7 =T6+1 = 9C6(2)3(3x)6 =
2
 Page 10 of 22

Consecutive Term & Coefficient

Tr +1 n − r +1 x
= . for binomial (a + x)n
Tr r a

Cr n − r +1
=
Cr −1 r

Example : If the coefficient of second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of

(1 + x)n are in AP then n is equal to

(a) 2 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) none of these

Solution: nC1, nC2, nC3 are in AP

n
C1 + nC3 = 2 nC2

n(n − 1)( n − 2)
n+ = n(n – 1)
6

n2 – 9n +14 = 0  n = 7, 2

But n = 2 is rejected as nC3 is not possible.

So the correct option is (b).

n
11. If fourth term in the expansion of  px +  is , then
1 5
 x 2

1 1
(a) n = 6, p = 2 (b) n = 6, p = (c) n = –6, p= (d) None of these
2 2

n
1+ x m
12. The (m + 1)th tern in the expansion of (1 + x)   is
 x 

m+ n m+ n m+ n
(a) m
Cm xm (b) Cm xn (c) Cm xm–n (d) Cm x–n

T2 T
13. If in the expansion of (a + b )n and 3 in the expansion of (a + b )n+3 are equal,
T3 T4

then n =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d)

6

14. The middle term in the expansion of ( 1 – 3x + 3x2 – x3)6

(a) 18
C10 x10 (b) 18
C9 (–x)9 (c) 18
C9 x9 (d) –
18
C10 x10

15. If the coefficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n + 2 is p and the coefficients of middle
term in the expansion of (1 + x)2n + 1 are q and r, then
 Page 11 of 22

(a) p+q=r (b) p+r=q (c) p=q+r (d)

p +q +r = 0
15
 1
16. In the expansion of  x 4 −  , then coefficient of x39 is
 x3 

(a) 1365 (b) – 1365 (c) 455 (d) – 455

n
(1 + x)n  1 +  is
1 1
17. The coefficient of in the expansion of
x  x

2n ! 2n ! n! n!
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(n − 1)!(n + 1)! (2n − 1)!(2n + 1)! (n − 1)!(n + 1)! (2n − 1)!(2n + 1)!

18. If in the expansion of (2x4 – 3x)9, x18 occurs in the rth term, then r is equal to

(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

11
 1 
11
19. If the coefficient of x in  ax 2 + 
1
7
is equal to the coefficient of x in  ax − 2  ,
–7
 bx   bx 

then a and b are related by

(a) ab = 1 (b) ab = ½ (c) ab = 2 (d) a =  b

n
20. The independent term in the expansion of (1 + x)  1 +  is
1 m
 x

m+ n m+n m+1
(a) m Cn (b) Cm (c) Cn (d) C0

8
21. In the expansion of  x 1/ 3 + x −1/5  , then term independent of x is
1
2 

(a) T5 (b) T6 (c) T7 (d) T8

22. To make the term 3n

Cr (–1)r x3n–r free from x, necessary condition is

(a) 3n Cr = 0 (b) x3n–r = 0 (c) 3n = r (d) None

23. If in the expansion of (1 + x)15, the coefficients of (2r + 3)th and (r – 1)th terms are equal, then the value
of r is

(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 3

24. If in the expansion of (1 + x)2n (n  N), the coefficients of (p + 1)th and (p + 3)th terms are equal, then

(a) p = n – 2 (b) p = n – 1 (c) p=n+1 (d) p = 2n – 2

25. The number of terms in the expansion of [(x + 3y)2 (3x – y)2]3 is

(a) 14 (b) 28 (c) 32 (d) 56

 Page 12 of 22

26. The sum of the coefficients of all terms in the expansion of (x + 2y + z)10 is

(a) 210 (b)310 (c) 1 (d) None

27. In how many terms in the expansion of (x1/5 + y1/10)55 do not have fractional power

of the variable

(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 10

28. In the expansion of (51/2 + 71/8)1024, the number of integral terms is

(a) 128 (b) 129 (c) 130 (d) 131

29. The number of greatest term in the expansion of (2x – 3a)13 when a = 4 and x = a is

(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11

30. The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 ) n is

(a) n C4 (b) n C4 + n C2

(c) n
C4 + nC2 + nC4 .n C2 (d) n C4 + nC2 + nC1. nC2

Applications of binomial theorem

(a) With the help of binomial theorem we can find out the value of sq. root, cube root and 4lh root etc. of the
given number up to any decimal places.
(b) To find the sum of infinite series. We can compare the given infinite series with the expansion of
n ( n − 1)
(1 + x )n = 1 + nx + x 2 + ...... and by finding the value of x and n and putting in (1 + x )
n
the sum of the
2!
series is determined.

Tips & Tricks

If the coefficients of pth , q th terms in the expansion of (1 − x ) are equal, then p + q = n + 2.

n
❖
n ( n + 1)
❖ The coefficient of x n−1 in the expansion of ( x − 1)( x − 2 )..... ( x − n ) = −
2
n ( n + 1)
❖ The coefficient of x n−1 in the expansion of ( x + 1)( x + 2 ) ..... ( x + n ) =
2
There are infinite number of terms in the expansion of (1 + x ) , when n is a negative integer or a
n
❖
fraction.
The number of terms in the expansion of ( x1 + x2 + ...... + xr ) = n + r −1
n
❖ Cr −1.

If the coefficient of the r th , ( r + 1) and ( r + 2 ) terms in the expansion of (1 + x ) are in H.P., then
th th n
❖
n + ( n − 2r ) = 0.
2

If coefficient of r th , ( r + 1) and ( r + 2 ) terms in the expansion of (1 + x ) are in A.P., then

th th n
❖
n 2 + n ( 4r + 1) + 4r 2 − 2 = 0.
 Page 13 of 22

ANSWER

1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. C

8. A 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. B

15. C 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B

22. B 23. C 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B

29. C 30. D
 Page 14 of 22

Exercise 01
Binomial

1 1 1 1
1. + + + .....
2.5 5.8 8.11 ( 3n − 1)( 3n + 2 )
n n
(a) (b)
6n − 4 6n + 3
n n +1
(c) (d)
6n + 4 6n + 4

The total number of terms in the expansion of ( x + a ) + ( x − a)

100 100
2. after simplification will be

( ) ( )
5 5
3. The value of 5 +1 − 5 −1 is

4. The larger of 9950 + 10050 and 10150 is

(a) 9950 + 10050 (b) Both are equal
(c) 10150 (d) None of these

5. The greatest integer which divides the number 10150 − 1 is

(a) 100 (b) 1000 (c) 10000 (d) 100000

6. The last digit in 7300 is

(a) 7 (b) 9 (c) 1 (d) 3

General term, Coefficient of any power of x, Independent term, Middle term and Greatest term
& Greatest coefficient

( )
3/2
7. Coefficient of x5 in 1 + 2x + 3 x 2 + .... is

5
Coefficient of x in the expansion of  x 2 +  is.
a
8.
 x
(a) 9a2 (b) 10a3 (c) 10a2 (d) 10a

8
 1 
9. The ninth term of the expansion  3 x −  is
 2x 
1 −1 −1 1
(a) 9
(b) 9
(c) 8
(d)
512x 512x 256x 256x 8

p +q
10. If p and q be positive, then the coefficients of x p and xq in the expansion of (1 + x ) will be
(a) Equal (b) Equal in magnitude but opposite in sign
(c) Reciprocal to each other (d) None of these
 Page 15 of 22

6
In the expansion of  x −  , the constant term is
1
11.
 x
(a) −20 (b) −82 (c) −81 (d) 0

( )
5
12. In the coefficient of x5 in the expansion of x 2 − x − 2 is
(a) −83 (b) −82 (c) −81 (d) 0

( )
10
13. In the expansion of 1 + x + x 3 + x 4 the coefficient of x 4 is.

9
The term independent of x in the expansion  x 2 −  is
1
14.
 3x 
28 28 28 28
(a) (b) (c) − (d) −
81 243 243 81

15. The largest term in the expansion of ( 4 + 2x )49 where x = 1/ 3 is

(a) 3rd (b) 5th (c) 8th (d) None of these

12
In the expansion of  2x 2 −  , the term independent of x is
1
16.
 x
(a) 10th (b) 9th (c) 8th (d) 7th

n
If the middle term in the expansion of  x 2 +  is 924x 6 then n =
1
17.
 x

10
The middle term in the expansion of  x + 
1
18. is
 x
1 10 10 10
(a) 10
C4 (b) C5 (c) C5 x (d) C7 x 4
x

 3 3
19. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x 2 −  to the power n is
 x 3 
n
 1  1
20. In  3 2 + 3  if the ratio of 7th term from the beginning to the 7th term from the end is , then n =
 3 6
(a) 7 (b) 8
(c) 9 (d) None of these
21
 a b 
If the ( r + 1) term in the expansion of  3 +
th
21.
 3  has the same power of a and b, then the value of r
 b a 
is
(a) 9 (b) 10
(c) 8 (d) 6
 Page 16 of 22

22. The first 3 terms in the expansion of (1 + ax ) n (n  0) are 1, 6x and 16x2. Then the value of a and n are
respectively

(a) 2 and 9 (b) 3 and 2

(c) 2/3 and 9 (d) 3/2 and 6
23. If the coefficients of 5th , 6th and 7th terms in the expansion of (1 + x ) n be in A.P., then n
(a) 7 only (b) 14 only

(c) 7 or 14 (d) None of these

n
 x
If the coefficients of x and x in  2 +
7 8
24.  are equal, then n is
 3
(a) 56 (b) 55
(c) 45 (d) 15
The coefficient of x in the expansion of (1 + x) + (1 + x) + .......... + (1 + x) is
5 21 22 30
25.
51
(a) C5 (b) 9 C5

(c) 31
C6 − 21C6 (d) 30
C5 + 20C5
If the second, third and fourth term in the expansion of ( x + a ) are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively, then the
n
26.
value of n is
(a) 15 (b) 20
(c) 10 (d) 5
8
1 
27. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x1/3 + x −1/5  will be
2 
(a) 5 (b) 6

(c) 7 (d) 8

28. The largest term in the expansion of (4 + 2 x )49 where x = 1/ 3 is

(a) 3rd (b) 5th
(c) 8th (d) None of these

2n
 1 
29. The middle term in the expansion of  x +  , is
 2x 

1.3.5....(2n − 3) 1.3.5....(2n − 1)
(a) (b)
n! n!
1.3.5....(2n + 1)
(c) (d) None of these
n!
The coefficient of x in expansion of (1 + x) (1 − x) is
n n
30.
n −1
(a) ( −1) n (b) (−1) (1 − n)
n

n −1
(c) ( −1) ( n − 1) (d) (n − 1)
2
 Page 17 of 22

Exercise 01 (Solutions)

1 1 1 1
1.Sol (c) + + + .....
2.5 5.8 8.11 ( 3n − 1)( 3n + 2 )
1  1 1   1 1   1 1   1 1 
= − + − + − + −
3  2 5   5 8   8 11  3n − 1 3n + 2  
 

1 1 1  1  3n + 2 − 2  ( 3n ) n
=  −  =  = =
3  2 3n + 2  3  2 ( 3n + 2 )  6 ( 3n + 2 ) 6n + 4

2.Ans : 51
We know
1
2
 
(1 + a )n + (1 − a )n = nC2a2 + nC4a 4 + .....
Therefore, number of terms in expansion of
( x + a) 100
+ ( x = a)
100
 is 51
3.Ans : 353
( ) ( )
5 5
5 +1 − 5 −1


( 5) ( 5) 
4 2
= 2  5C1 + 5C3 + 5C5 .1 = 352
 

4.Sol (c) We have

50.49
10150 = (100 + 1)
50
= 10050 + 50.10049 + 10048 + .... ………. (i)
2.1
50.49
and 9950 = (100 − 1) = 10050
50
− 50.10049 + 10048..... ………. (ii)
2.1
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
50.49.48
10150 − 9950 = 10050 + 2 10047  10050
1.2.3
Hence, 10150  10050 + 9950

100.99 2 100.99.98
(c) (1 + 100 ) . (100 ) + (100 )3 + ...
100
5.Sol = 1 + 100.100 +
1.2 1.2.3

(100 )100 − 1 = 100.100 1 + 

100.99 100.99.98
+ .100 + ...
 1.2 1.2.3 
From above it is clear that,
(100 )100 − 1 is divisible by (100 )2 = 10000

6.Sol (c) We have 72 = 49 = 50 − 1

( )
150
= ( 50 − 1)
150
Now, 7300 = 72

C0 ( 50 ) ( −1)0 + 150C1 ( 50 )149 ( −1)1 + .... + 150C150 ( 50 )0 ( −1)150

150 150
=

Thus the last digits of 7300 are 150

C150 .1.1 i.e. 1
 Page 18 of 22

7.Ans : 21

(1+ 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 2 + ....)
3/2

n ( n − 1) n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )
1 + xn = 1 + nx + x2 + x 3 + ...
2! 3!
3

(1− x )  −2 2
= (1 − x )
−3

3 x 3.4 2 3.4.5. 3 3.4.5.6 4 3.4.5.6.7 5

= 1+ + x + x + x + x + ....
1! 2! 3! 4! 5!
3.4.5.6.7
 x5 = = 21
5!

5
 a
8.Sol (b) In the expansion of  x 2 +  the general terms is
 x
r
( )
5 −r a
5 2 5 r 10−3r
Tr +1 = Cr x  x  = Cr a x
 
Here, exponent x is x = 10a3.x
Hence coefficient of x is 10a3

8
 1 
9.Sol (d)  3 x
 2 x 
When we expand the given binomial, we get 9 terms,
9th term is the last term.
Tr +1 = nCr x n −r ar . For ( x + a )
n

8
0  −1  +1
T9 = 8C8 ( 3 x )   =
 2x  256 x 8

10. Sol (a) Coefficient of x p is ( p +q )Cp and coefficient of xq is ( p +q )Cq . But

q (
( p +q )C ,  nC = nC
r n −r )
11. Sol (a) 6 − r ( 2) = 0  r = 3
3
 −1 
Hence, 6C3 ( x )3   = −20
 x 

( )
5
= ( x − 2 ) (1 + x )
5 5
12. Sol (c) x 2 − x − 2

=  5C0 x 5 − 5C1x 4  2 + ....  5C0 + 5C1x + ....

  
Collecting the coefficient of x5
1− 5.5.2 + 10.10.4 − 10.10.8 + 5.5.16 − 32
1− 50 + 400 − 800 + 400 − 32 = −81.

13. Ans : 310

 Page 19 of 22

(1+ x + x3 + x 4 ) = (1+ x )10 (1+ x3 )

10 10

= (1 + 10C1.x + 10C2 .x 2 + ....)(1 + 10C1.x 3 + 10C2 .x 6 + ....)

 Coefficient of x 4 = 10C1.10C1 + 10C4 = 310.

9
(b) In  x 2 − 
1
14. Sol
 3x 

18 −2r ( −1)
r r
( )
9 −r  1 
Tr +1 = 9Cr x 2 9
 3 x  = Cr x
− x −r
  3 r

It is independent of x.
18 − 3r = 0  r = 6

9 18−12 ( −1)6 −6 9 ( −1)6 28

T7 = C6 x x = C6 =
6 6 243
3 3

1
15. Sol (c) ( 4 + 2x )49 where x =
3
Let Tr and Tr +1 denote r th and ( r + 1)th
term in the expansion of ( 4 + 2x )
49

49 −r
Tr +1 = 49
Cr ( 4 ) ( 2 x )r
50 −r
Tr = 49
Cr −1 ( 4 ) ( 2x )r −1
49
Tr +1 Cr
=
49
( 4 )49−r −50 ( 2x )r −r +1
Tr Cr −1
50 − r 1 50 − r x
= = .2 x =
r 4 r 2
1 Tr +1 50 − r 1
When x = , = .
3 Tr r 6
Tr +1 50 − r 1
Now, x =  1 .  1  50 − r  6r
Tr r 6
50
r  = 7.1
7
So, r = 7
Tr +1 = T7+1 = T8
 8th term is the greatest term.

r
( )
12−r
( −1)r 
1
16. Sol (b) Tr +1 = 12C1 2x 2 
x
For term independent of x.
24 − 3r = 0  r = 8. So, 9th term is independent of x.

17. Ans : 12
th
Since n is even therefore  + 1 term is middle term.
n
2  
 Page 20 of 22

n /2
( )
n /2  1
hence nCn /2 x 2 x = 924 x 6
 
 x n /2 = x 6  n = 12.

10
(b) Middle term of  x + 
1 10
18. Sol is T6 = C5 .
 x

19. Ans : 153090

r
 −3 3 
( )
10−r
10 2
Tr +1 = Cr x  3 
 x 
For term independent of x,20 − 2r − 3r = 0  r = 4

( 3)
4
C4 ( −3 )
10 4
T4+1 = = 153090.

1 n
C (2 1 / 3 )n −6 (3 −1 / 3 )6
20. (c) = n 6 1 / 3 6 −1 / 3 n −6 or 6 −1 = 6 −4 .6 n / 3 = 6 n / 3−4
6 C n −6 (2 ) (3 )
n
 − 4 = −1  n = 9.
3
21 − r r
 a   b 
21. (a) We have Tr +1 = 21
Cr  3  
 b   3
a 
 
= 21
C r a 7 −(r / 2)b (2 / 3)r −(7 / 2)
Since the powers of a and b are the same, therefore
r 2 7
7− = r− r=9
2 3 2
22. (c) T1 = n C 0 = 1 …..(i)
T2 = C1 ax = 6 x
n
…..(ii)
T3 = n C 2 (ax )2 = 16 x 2 …..(iii)
n!
From (ii), a=6  na=6 …..(iv)
(n − 1)!
n(n − 1) 2
From (iii), a = 16 …..(v)
2
Only (c) is satisfying equation (iv) and (v).
23. (c) Coefficient of T5 = nC4 , T6 = nC5 and T7 = n C6
According to the condition, 2 n C5 = n C 4 + n C6
 n!   n! n! 
 2  =  (n − 4 )!4 ! + (n − 6)!6 !
 (n − 5 )!5 !   
 1   1 1 
 2 = +
 (n − 5 ) 5   (n − 4 )(n − 5 ) 6  5 

After solving, we get n=7 or 14.

24. (b) x , x will occur in T8 and T9 .
7 8

Coefficients of T8 and T9 are equal.

7 8
1 1
 n C7 2 n −7   = n C8 2 n − 8    n = 55 .
3 3
25. (c) (1 + x )21 + (1 + x )22 + .... + (1 + x )30
 (1 + x )10 − 1  1
= (1 + x )21   = [(1 + x ) − (1 + x ) ]
31 21

 (1 + x ) − 1  x
 Page 21 of 22

 Coefficient of x5 in the given expression

= Coefficient of x5 in  [(1 + x )31 − (1 + x )21 ]
1
x 
= Coefficient of x in [(1 + x ) − (1 + x ) ]
6 31 21

= 31 C6 −21C6 .
26. (d) T2 = n (x )n −1 (a)1 = 240 .....(i)
n (n − 1) n − 2 2
T3 = x a = 720 …..(ii)
1 .2
n (n − 1)(n − 2) n − 3 3
T4 = x a = 1080 …..(iii)
1 .2 .3
To eliminate x,
T2 . T4 240 . 1080 1 T2 T4 1
= =  . =
T3 2 720 . 720 2 T3 T3 2

Tr +1 n
C n −r +1
Now, = n r =
Tr Cr −1 r

Putting r = 3 and 2 in above expression, we get

n−2 2 1
 . = n =5.
3 n −1 2
1  1 8 r r
27. (c) (8 − r) + r −  = 0  − − = 0  r = 5
3  5  3 3 5
3
Thus term independent of x = 8 C 5    (1)5
1
2
8 7 6 1
=  =7
3  2 1 8

28. (c) (4 + 2 x )49 where x=

1
3
T1 and Tr +1 denote r th and (r + 1)
th
Let

Term in the expansion of (4 + 2 x )49

Tr +1 = 49 C r (4 ) (2 x )r
49− r

Tr = 49C r −1 (4) (2 x )r −1
50− r

49
Tr +1
= 49
Cr
(4)49−r −50+r (2 x )r −r +1
Tr Cr −1
50 − r 1 50 − r x
= . .2 x = .
r 4 r 2
1 T 50 − r 1
When x = , r +1 = .
3 Tr r 6
Tr +1 50 − r 1
Now, 1 .  1  50 − r  6r
Tr r 6
50
 r = 7.1
7
So, r =7
Tr +1 = T7 +1 = T8
 Page 22 of 22

 8th term is the greatest term.

n
1 .3 .5 ....(2n − 1)
(b) Obviously the middle term = 2 n C n (x )n .
1  2n!
29.  = = .
 2x  n!.n!.2 n n!
30. (b) Coefficient of x n in expansion of (1 + x ) (1 − x)n
ie., coefficient of x n in expansion of (1 − x)n + coefficient of x n −1 in expansion of (1 − x)n
Now, (−1)n n Cn + (−1)n −1 n Cn −1
(−1)n [n Cn − n Cn −1 ] = (−1)n [1 − n] .