‫اﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت‬

‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻊ‬

Web Application Development

Mohammed 1
‫‪Outlines‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮات واﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪SSL‬‬
‫أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت ‪PHP‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ‪PHP‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪PHP‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ‪PHP‬‬
‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ اﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ‪PHP 7‬‬

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‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮات واﻧﻮاﻋﻬﺎ‬

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 ‫اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮات‬
‫ً‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮا ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺈﻧﻚ ﺗﺠﺮي اﺗﺼﺎﻻً‬
‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﻋﻲ ‪ request‬ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ )ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻃﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ( ﻳﻘﻮم‬
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ ﺑﺘﻔﺴﻴﺮ ﻃﻠﺒﻚ واﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻳﺮﺳﻞ اﻟﻴﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻛﺠﺰء ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ ‪) response‬اﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ( ﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﺮض‬
‫اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻟﺪﻳﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺬ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﺬى ارﺟﻊ إﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫وﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺠﻤﻴﻌﻪ )‪ (compile‬ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺮض ﻫﺬه‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺼﻠﺖ ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺎدم)‪(client to server‬‬
‫ﺑﺤﻴﺚ أن اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻫﻮ اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ واﻟﺨﺎدم ﻫﻮ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺨﺎدم ﻳﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﺰﻳﻦ وﺗﺮﺟﻤﺔ وﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﻌﻤﻴﻞ‬
‫)ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮض اﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ( ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺒﻮر اﻟﻰ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ واﺣﻀﺎر اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ‪Apache‬‬
‫ﺧﺎدم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ أﺑﺎﺗﺸﻲ )‪(Apache HTTP Server‬‬
‫اﻟﺬي ﻳﺸﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ ﻋﺎدة ﺑﺎﺳﻢ أﺑﺎﺗﺸﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺘﺼﺮ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ‪ ، Apache‬وﻫﻮ ﺧﺎدم وﻳﺐ ﻣﻔﺘﻮح اﻟﻤﺼﺪر‬
‫ﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪Apache Software Foundation‬‬

‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ أﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ ،‬وﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻪ‬

‫اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﺪد وأﻣﺎﻧﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ أﺣﺪ أﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ﺧﺎدم اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﺷﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪ .‬إﻧﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ وﻣﻮﺛﻮق ‪ ،‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﺘﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎدم ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫اﻣﺘﺪادات ‪ API‬اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪.Perl / Python‬‬
‫ﺧﺎدم ‪ Apache HTTP‬ﻫﻮ ﺧﺎدم وﺣﺪات ‪ ،‬وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ‬
‫وﻇﻴﻔﺔ وﺧﺎرﺟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام وﺣﺪات! ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ وﻳﻨﺪوز ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﻨﻜﺲ ‪،‬‬
‫وﻳﻮﻧﻴﻜﺲ وﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻨﺼﺎت!‬
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 ‫ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ‪Apache‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ أﺑﺎﺗﺸﻲ ﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﻢ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﻟﻮﻳﺐ اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ )ﻻ ﺗﺘﻐﻴﺮ( واﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫)اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺪﻳﺎت(‪ ،‬واﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎت اﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺻﻤﻤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫أﺳﺎس أﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ أﺑﺎﺗﺸﻲ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺎي إس ﻛﻴﻮ إل ‪Mysql‬وﻟﻐﺎت اﻟﺒﺮﻣﺠﺔ ﺑﻲ إﺗﺶ‬

‫ﺑﻲ وﺑﻴﺮل وﺑﺎﻳﺜﻮن‬

‫‪MySQL‬‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﻹدارة ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﻌﻼﺋﻘﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ وإدارة اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻧﻤﻮذج‬
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت واﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت واﻟﻘﻴﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ‪IIS‬‬
‫إن ‪IIS‬ﻫﻮ إﺧﺘﺼﺎر ل ‪Internet Information Service‬‬
‫وال ‪ IIS‬ﻫﻮ ‪ file server‬واﻳﻀﺎ ﻫﻮ ‪ application server‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ال ‪http‬‬
‫وﺧﺪﻣﺔ ‪ ftp‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻐﺮض ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ‪ HTTP‬ﻻﻧﺸﺎء واﺳﺘﻌﺮاض ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ ووﺛﺎﺋﻖ اﻟﻮﻳﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪FTP‬‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎت ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺎزي ﺣﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ‪TCP/IP‬‬

‫ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ اﻛﺴﺒﻠﻮرر أو اﻟﻤﻮزﻳﻼ ﻓﺎﻳﺮﻓﻮﻛﺲ أو اﻟﻨﺖ ﺳﻜﺎﻳﺐ ﻻ‬

‫ﻳﻔﻬﻢ إﻻ ‪HTML‬‬

‫ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ آﺧﺮ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺘﺒﻨﺎ ﻛﻮد ‪ ASP.NET‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﻔﺮوﻧﺖ ﺑﻴﺞ أو ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻔﻜﺮة وﺣﺎوﻟﻨﺎ أن‬
‫ﻧﻨﻔﺬه‪ ....‬ﻟﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ واﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﻛﻤﺎ ذﻛﺮت ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻄﺮ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ‪SSL‬‬
‫ً‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎ واﻗﻮى ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ اﻷﻣﻦ ﻹﻧﺸﺎء وﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺸﻔﺮة)‪Secure‬‬ ‫اﻻﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫‪ SSL (Sockets Layer‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ اﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ واﻟﻮﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ )‪( Web Server‬‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻣﺸﻔﺮة ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺮوﺗﻮﻛﻮل ‪https‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ‪ SSL‬؟‬

‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺎدة ‪ SSL‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻌﺎم واﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺎص‪ .‬وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻌﺎم‬
‫ﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت وﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺎص ﻟﻔﻚ ﺗﺸﻔﻴﺮﻫﺎ ‪ .‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺼﻞ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎص ﺑﻚ ﺑﻤﻮﻗﻊ آﻣﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﻮم اﻟﺨﺎدم ‪ Server‬ﺑﺈرﺳﺎل اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻌﺎم ﻟﻠﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ‪ .‬اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻌﺎم ﻣﺘﺎح ﻟﻠﻜﻞ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺎص )اﻟﺬي ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻔﻚ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ( ﻫﻮ ﺳﺮي ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺧﻼل اﻹﺗﺼﺎل اﻵﻣﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﻘﻮم اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺑﺘﺸﻔﻴﺮ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﻌﺎم وإرﺳﺎﻟﻪ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺨﺎدم ‪ . Server‬اﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﻓﻚ ﺗﺸﻔﻴﺮﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ اﻟﺨﺎدم ‪ Server‬ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺨﺎص )اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎح اﻟﺴﺮي(‪.‬‬

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‫أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎت ‪PHP‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‪What is PHP‬‬
‫ﻫﻲ اﺧﺘﺼﺎر ل ‪Hypertext Preprocessor‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻠﻐﺎت ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر وواﺳﻌﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪،‬‬

‫واﻛﻮادﻫﺎ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﻓﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪server‬‬
‫‪side language‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ واﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬

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 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‪What is PHP‬‬
‫ﻗﻮﻳ ٌﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺐ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻧﻈﺎم ﺗﺪوﻳﻦ ٍ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫إﻧﻬﺎ ّ‬
‫اﻟﻮﻳﺐ )‪.(WordPress‬‬

‫اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻴﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ أﻛﺒﺮ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ )‪.(Facebook‬‬

‫وﻣﺘﺸﻌ ٌ‬
‫ﺒﺔ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫واﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫إﻧﻬﺎ‬
‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ )‪.(Wikipedia‬‬
‫ٍ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎرف‬
‫ٍ‬
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 ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ ﻣﻠﻒ‪PHP‬؟‬
‫?‪What is a PHP File‬‬
‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻳﺤﺘﻮي ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ PHP‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪text, HTML, CSS,‬‬
‫‪JavaScript, and PHP code‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻛﻮد ‪ PHP‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻴﺮﻓﺮ واﻋﺎدة اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ك ﻧﺺ‬

‫اﻟﻲ اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬

‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ال‪ PHP‬ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ب‪.PHP‬‬

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 ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪PHP‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪ PHP‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ﻧﺼﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺸﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪ ASP‬وﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪ HTML‬ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم‪.‬‬

‫ﻳﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ PHP‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺎن‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ‪ HTML‬وﻗﺴﻢ ‪،PHP‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻮرة اﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪ HTML‬ﻋﺎدي‪،‬‬
‫وﻟﻜﻨﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ أﺟﺰاء ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻟﻴﺨﺮج ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ‪ HTML‬إﻟﻰ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ‪ ،PHP‬ﻹﺧﺮاج اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫إﻟﻰ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ ‪ PHP‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪة ﻃﺮق ‪:‬‬
‫‪ - ١‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام زوح اﻟﻮﺳﻮم >?‪ php‬و ?< ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪<?php‬‬
‫;'!‪echo 'This is PHP output‬‬
‫>?‬
‫‪13‬‬
 ‫ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻠﻔﺎت ‪PHP‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺰوج اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﺮ >? و ?< وﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬
‫ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﻜﻮن ﺑﺪون اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ ‪ php‬ﻓﻲ‬
‫وﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺳﻮم ﻳﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ أﻗﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ،‬وﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﻳﺘﻌﺎرض ﻣﻊ وﺳﻮم ‪.xml‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬اﺳﺘﺨﺪام زوج اﻟﻮﺳﻮم اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫> "‪<script language="php‬‬
‫;'!‪echo 'This is PHP output‬‬
‫>‪</script‬‬
‫ﻫﺬه اﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ اﻵن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ أﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺼﻌﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻔﺮات ‪ PHP‬وﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﻠﻒ ‪html‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﻣﺎذا اﺣﺘﺎج؟‬
‫ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺐ وﻳﺐ ﺳﻴﺮﻓﺮ ‪web server‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺐ ‪PHP‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ‪Mysql‬‬

‫‪15‬‬
 ‫‪What's new in PHP 7‬‬
‫اﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﺳﺮع ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺴﺦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬
‫‪PHP 5.6‬‬
‫اﺻﺒﺤﺖ اﻓﻀﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻻﺧﻄﺎء‪Error Handling‬‬

‫اﺻﺒﺢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ وﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮاﺗﻬﺎ ‪ functions‬اﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻟﻨﺴﺦ اﻟﻘﺪﻳﻤﺔ‬

‫دﻋﻤﺖ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﺟﺪﻳﺪة ﻛﺜﻴﺮة ﻣﺜﻞ‪spaceship‬‬

‫‪<=> :operator‬‬

‫‪16‬‬
Basic PHP Syntax and variables

‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات وﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬

17
 ‫ ﻓﻲ اي ﻣﻜﺎن ﻓﻲ‬PHP ‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ وﺿﻊ ﻛﻮد‬
<!DOCTYPE html> .
‫اﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬
<html>
‫اي ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻻﺑﺪ أن ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ب ؛‬
<body>
In PHP, keywords (e.g. if, else,
<h1>My first PHP
while, echo, etc.), classes,
page</h1>
functions, and user-defined
<?php
functions are not case-sensitive.
echo "Hello World!";
?>
However; all variable names are
</body>
case-sensitive! ‫أﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
</html>
‫ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻟﻪ اﻷﺣﺮف‬
18
 PHP Comments
Single line multiple-line comments.
<?php
/*
<?php This is a multiple-lines
// This is a single-line comment block
comment that spans over multiple
# This is also a single- lines
line comment */
?> ?>

Note :
$x = 5 /* + 15 */ + 5; 19
‫‪Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
‫ﻓﻲ ‪ PHP‬اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﺗﺒﺪأ ب ‪ $‬ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ك ﺣﺎوﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎت‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﻧﺸﺎء اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات ﻟﺤﻈﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫واﺳﻨﺎد اﻟﻘﻴﻤﻪ ﻟﻬﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫‪<?php‬‬
‫;"!‪$txt = "Hello world‬‬
‫;‪$x = 5‬‬
‫;‪$y = 10.5‬‬
‫>?‬
‫‪20‬‬
Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
• Rules for PHP variables:
• A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by
the name of the variable
• A variable name must start with a letter or the
underscore character
• A variable name cannot start with a number
• A variable name can only contain alpha-
numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9,
and _ )
• Variable names are case-sensitive ($age and
$AGE are two different variables)
The PHP echo statement is often used to output21
 Creating (Declaring) PHP Variables
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺘﻐﻴﺮات‬
<?php
$txt = "php";
echo "I love " . $txt . "!";
?>

<?php
$x = 5;
$y = 4;
echo $x + $y;
?>
22
• PHP is free. Download it from the official
PHP resource: www.php.net

• The official PHP website (PHP.net) has

installation instructions for PHP: http://
php.net/manual/en/install.php

23
Questions?

24
Andrew Ng