Chapter 7

Application of Differentiation
7.1 INDETERMINATE FORM AND L’HOPITAL’S RULE
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

LEARNING OUTCOME
at the end of the module , you should be able to :

üIdentify the indeterminate form

üDecide when to use L’Hospital's Rule
üCompute the limit of a function using L’hospital’s Rule
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

INDETERMINATE FORMS

INDETERMINATE FORMS

Category 1: Category 2:
0 ∞
0 ∞ 0. ∞ ∞−∞

Change to the indeterminate form of category 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1 Consider

A)
Find
Applying the limit laws will give us an indeterminate value

Another situation is,

B) Find
We end up with another indeterminate form of

So how do we evaluate such situations?

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1 THEOREM
Suppose 𝑓(𝑥) and 𝑔(𝑥) are differentiable, such
that
lim 𝑓 𝑥 = lim 𝑔 𝑥 = 0
!→# !→#
lim 𝑓 𝑥 = lim 𝑔 𝑥 = ±∞
%→' %→'
then
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ( (𝑥)
lim = lim (
%→' 𝑔(𝑥) %→' 𝑔 (𝑥)
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1
Example 1 :
SOLUTION
Apply L’Hopital’s Rule
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1
Example 2 :
SOLUTION
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1 Whenever necessary, L’Hopital’s Rule may be applied more than once

Example 3 :
SOLUTION

Since we have the situation, we may apply L’Hopital’s Rule

Apply L’Hopital’s Rule for the second time

Apply L’Hopital’s Rule for the third time

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1
Example 4 :
SOLUTION
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 1
Example 5 :
SOLUTION
 FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2 Consider
Case 1 Indeterminate form of type

Indeterminate forms of type can be evaluated by rewriting the function as

fraction, to get the form of then we apply L’Hopital’s Rule

or

So that it converts the limits into

** Choose the option that leads to simpler limits
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 6 : Evaluate
SOLUTION

2 options to rewrite the limits:

The derivative of is less complicated then the derivative of

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 6 :
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 7 : Evaluate
SOLUTION
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2 Consider
Case 2 A limit problem that leads to any of the expressions

is called indeterminate form of type

This can be evaluated by combining the terms and

manipulating the result to produce the indeterminate

form of type

then apply L’Hopital’s Rule

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 8 : Evaluate
SOLUTION

Answer w/o differentiation is already zero so no need to do L'Hopital's Rule

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 9 : Evaluate
SOLUTION

Apply L'Hopital's Rule twice

FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

L’HOPITAL’S RULE
Category 2
Example 10 :
SOLUTION
FBM0015: MATHEMATICS 1

LOGARITHMIC DIFFERENTIATION
Exercise Use L’Hopital’s Rule to solve the limits

SOLUTION SOLUTION
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