Module 6 Leadership

PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA
LEARNING NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

MODULE University Road, Poblacion, Muntinlupa City
QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

Issue No. 0 Revision No. 0 Effectivity Date 7 September 2020 Page No. 1 of 13
Leadership
6
INTRODUCTION
“Leaders are made; they are not born. They are made by hard effort, which is the price
which all of us must pay to achieve any goal that is worthwhile”
- Vince Lombardi
Everyone was born with abilities, skills, and intelligence which are prerequisite in
leading people or organizations. With such endowed gifts of life, no one is left behind –
everyone could be productive and have a chance to be a leader.
Learning Targets
After finishing this module, you are expected to:
1. Discuss the meaning of leadership.
2. Describe the leadership types and their

characteristics.
3. Assess their personal leadership level.
4. Explain the qualities of a good leader.


Engage
Test your Leadership Skills
Leadership gurus believe that everyone has a chance to be a leader, since the leaders are made,
they are not born. Knowing this premise, please answer this self-assessment leadership skill
adapted from Mindtools (retrieved June 5, 2019).
No Statements Not Rarely Some Often Very

at times Often
All
1 When assigning tasks, I consider people's skills and 1 2 3 4 5
interests.
2 I doubt myself and my ability to succeed.
3 I expect nothing less than top-notch results from people.
4 I expect my people to work harder than I do.
5 When someone is upset, I try to understand how he or
she is feeling.
6 When circumstances change, I can struggle to know
what to do.
7 I think that personal feelings shouldn't be allowed to get
in the way of performance and productivity.
8 I am highly motivated because I know I have what it
takes to be successful.
9 Time spent worrying about team morale is time that's
wasted.
10 I get upset and worried quite often in the workplace.
11 My actions show people what I want from them.
12 When working with a team, I encourage everyone to
work toward the same overall objectives.
13 I make exceptions to my rules and expectations. It's
easier than being the enforcer all the time!
14 I enjoy planning for the future.
15 I feel threatened when someone criticizes me.
16 I make time to learn what people need from me, so that
they can be successful.

17 I'm optimistic about life, and I can see beyond
temporary setbacks and problems.
18 I think that teams perform best when individuals keep
doing the same tasks and perfecting them, instead of
learning new skills and challenging themselves.
Source: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR 50.htm
Explore
Who is a leader?
 A person who is able to influence others to achieve the common goals.

 A person who serves as the forerunner of the group, who spearheads the actions of the
group towards the accomplishment of the desired outcome.
 A person who guides, inspires and motivates people in the group to pursue what has
started for the common good of everyone.
Leaders create an impact in our society. There are bad and good leaders. History tells us
the influence and impact of these leaders. Regardless of what type a leader is, we learn from
them.
What is leadership? There are voluminous definitions of leadership. Here are the few ones:
Leadership is influence, nothing more, nothing less. – John Maxwell
Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal.
– Susan Ward
Leadership is the art of influencing others to their maximum performance to accomplish any
task, objective, or project – W.A. Cohen
Leadership is the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute
creatively to solving the problems. – Steven M. Smith
Leadership is about the art of motivating, influencing and directing people so that they
work together to achieve the goals of a team or broader organization. It is important for students

to experience leadership opportunities during their schooling, to learn the art of building
relationships within teams, defining identities and achieving tasks effectively. It also provides an
opportunity to learn to identify and display effective communication and interpersonal skills.
International leadership gurus give us in depth understanding about leadership. Read

carefully and study the following excerpts on leadership.
On Accelerating Team Productivity (retrieved June 2019), Steven M. Smith shows the
relationships between leadership and a leader:
Leadership is the ability, meaning a leader has a capacity to do something through talent
and skill. Talent is a natural ability and skill is proficiency gained through training and
experience.
Leadership is adaptive, meaning that the leader makes adjustments. A leader who fails to
adjust to the territory will lose their way. Only fools willingly follow someone who is lost.
Leadership acts on a setting, meaning a leader adjusts the state of the surroundings and
people. A leader carefully observes those states and discerns significance looking for how to
adapt the setting most effectively.
Leadership empowers, meaning a leader inspires confidence and self-esteem. Some

leaders inspire by bold talk; others by soft talk; and others by their example. There are many
ways to empower rather than a single way.
Leadership acts on people’s feelings, meaning a leader finds ways to link to people’s
instinct or intuition. Leaders help everyone feel empowered, which in many organizations with
bad histories is a leap of faith.
Leadership creates contribution, which means every member gives

something. Sometimes that may be sharing an idea. And sometimes that may
be holding ideas in reserve and allowing someone else to arrive at the same
idea and share it.
Leadership is about solving the problems, which means closing the gap between things
as desired and things as perceived

Leadership fosters creativity, meaning imaginative use of limited resources. A leader that
enables people to use their imagination is a step closer to solving problems faster, better and
cheaper.
Explain
Types of Leadership
From generation to generation, leadership styles evolve and here are some of the well-known
ones:
1. Autocratic Leadership: In this style of leadership, team members have little opportunity
to make suggestions and the leader is the sole holder of authority in an organization or
group. While autocratic leadership is rarely very popular, this style of leadership is
effective in organizations where employees perform streamlined functions. Autocratic
leadership is often best used in crises, when decisions must be made quickly and without
dissent. In a military setting, autocratic leadership is often used. The top qualities of an
autocratic leaders are the following – disciplined, decisive, confident
2. Bureaucratic Leadership: This leadership style is characterized with highly formalized

set of processes, procedures, and structures. The strong voice of leadership depends on the
rules and policies, where the explicit chain of command is highly practiced in the
organization. Some leadership experts called it “by the book leadership”. Furthermore, in
every level, there is a leader where members are directly reporting and supervised by the
immediate superior. Traits that mostly prevail in bureaucratic leadership are – organized,
consistent, and focused.
3. Democratic Leadership: Although organizational hierarchy may still exist and the final
decisions are usually made by the top leaders, sub-leaders and members of the group or
organizations are given a chance to be part of the decision making process. This style of
leadership is also known as participative leadership. Leader is well skilled in empowering
and motivating members to participate and collaborate with the group in producing the
desired output. One of the advantages of this style of leadership is it helps to develop

members’ creativity and skills in decision making. Actively engaged, supportive, and
accountable are the top qualities of a democratic/participative leader.
4. Laissez-Faire Leadership: In this style of leadership, a leader gives organizational

members a wide range of freedom when it comes to managing projects, solving problems,
and resolving disagreements. Laissez-faire leaders may give their teams complete autonomy
to do their work and set their own deadlines. Laissez-faire leaders provide the
members with resources and advice, if needed, but otherwise do not get involved. This style
can be effective if the leader monitors performance and gives feedback to team members
regularly. It is most likely to be effective when individual team members are experienced,
skilled, self-starters. However, if team members do not possess skillfulness in time
management, knowledge and understanding of their respective works, it may result to non
productive organization. Top qualities of a laissez-faire leader are the following – open –
minded, trusting and communicative.
5. Transactional Leadership: As applied to an organization or company, transactional

leadership ensures individuals to perform their roles correctly and effectively, which in
return the group performance produces positive outcomes. Since the nature of this
leadership style rooted from the word "transaction", it usually involves the organization
paying team members in return for their effort and compliance. If team members do not
meet the expected performance in relation with the appropriate standard, the leader has the
“right” to punish the team. Although this style of leadership sounds highly controlling, it
has some advantages. First, it clarifies everyone's roles and responsibilities. Secondly, since
it judges team members on performance, people who are ambitious or who are motivated by
external rewards like benefits and compensation, may push to give their best performance.
A good transactional leader will use those rewards and penalties to identify strengths and
weed out weaknesses among personnel. Transactional leaders are regimented, focused, and
efficient.
6. Task-Oriented Leadership: The emphasis of task-oriented leadership is merely on

getting the job done and to achieve goals. Task-oriented leaders clearly define the job and
the roles required from the members. Likewise, they thoroughly follow the organizational
structure, plan, and religiously monitor work. Maintaining standards for performance is the
drive of task-oriented leaders. This leadership style, if not be guarded, has a tendency to
shift in autocratic leadership. One of the advantages of this style is it ensures that deadlines
are met, which is useful for team members who do not manage their time well.
Unfortunately, task-oriented leaders less prioritize team's well-being. Top qualities of task
oriented leaders are – structured, time-bound and output driven.

7. People-Oriented/Relations-Oriented Leadership: If task-oriented leadership focuses on

achieving the goals, people-oriented leadership is totally focused on organizing, supporting,
and developing the members of the. Leaders encourage the team members to be
participative and collaborative to create good teamwork. Moreover, they are friendly,
approachable and treat everyone in the team equally. What matter most to them is the
welfare of the members and they make themselves available whenever any member of the
team needs help or advice. Because of this treatment, team members tend to be more
productive and willing to take the risk. However, people-oriented leaders may put the
development of their team above tasks or project directives. Motivating, caring and
accommodating are the top qualities of people-oriented leadership.
8. Servant Leadership: Servant leadership characterizes a leader often lead by example.

Servant leaders demonstrate integrity and lead with generosity. Servant leadership is
suggested if the goal is to create a positive organizational culture that may lead to high
moral among the members of the group. Servant leaders achieve power because of their
demonstrated values, ideals, and ethics. Similarly, servant leadership coincides with
democratic leadership because it encourages all members of the team to be involved in
decision making and they empower members of the team, interact directly with clients,
and recognize their organization’s role as part of a community. However, servant leaders
often "lead from behind," preferring to stay out of the limelight and letting their team
accept recognition for their hard work. Top characteristics of servant leaders are –
receptive, persuasive, encouraging.
9. Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership is considered to be one of

the best leadership styles to use in any kind of organization. Leaders who are practicing this
style are leading their team by example, inspiration, and engagement. Transformational
leaders examine and review organizational status and lead the team toward improvement by
changing existing thoughts, procedures, and culture. They expect the best from everyone on
their team as well as themselves. This leads to high productivity and engagement from
everyone in their team. The limitation of transformational leadership is its need to have
supportive key leaders in order for a transformational leader to perform enthusiastically
his/her role. That is why, as a practice, transactional leaders are partnered with
transformational leaders. Transactional leaders focus on how the work was done, while
transformational leaders seek after initiatives that add new value. Innovative, emphatic, and
motivational are top qualities of transformational leaders.
10. Charismatic Leadership: Charismatic leadership highly regarded leader’s personality.

Charismatic leaders inspire others through their commitment, conviction and a positive
example. Usually, charismatic leaders possess strong communication skills, with

exceptional personal empathy, and the strength of personality to positively define company
culture. An effective charismatic leader creates a sense of shared purpose, nurtures the
passions of members of the team, and unites personnel behind a single vision. Charismatic
leaders are suitable in times of crisis of an organization. One of the disadvantages of
charismatic leadership is its dependence on the energy level of a leader. If the enthusiasm of
a leader sinks, an organization may fail to achieve its goal. Top qualities of charismatic
leaders are – inspiring, influential, and personally invested.
Appropriateness of leadership style leads to the success of an organization in achieving its

goals. Hundreds of successful leaders like Joseph the Dreamer, King David, Deborah in the
Bible, Mahatma Gandhi, William Churchill, Joan of Arc, Martin Luther King Jr., Mother
Teresa, Queen Elizabeth, Nelson Mandela, Steve Jobs, Jose Rizal, and others have their
own leadership style, and yet they succeed in reaching their goals. As a future leader, you
may also establish your leadership style.
Activity 2. Understanding Leadership Style
If you were given a chance to lead a group, what leadership style would you like to use
and why?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
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Elaborate
Qualities of a Good Leader
From our previous discussion, we found out that everybody has a chance to be a leader
according to one’s capacity. There are different levels of leadership, and yet everyone is
capable to handle people and lead them to achieve a common goal.
College students like you have a great opportunity to excel in leadership. Companies
nowadays are also looking into the co-curricular activities involvement of the applicants
during their college years. College institutions are one of the best avenues for the young
people to enhance their leadership potentials, which in return a preparation for their future
roles in society.
Handling people however have prerequisites. One of those is the expected character
traits a leader should possess. Character is an essential component of leadership. Even Saint
Paul, he encouraged young Timothy to be a model among the believers of Christ during their
time.
As stated in 1 Timothy 4:12, Saint Paul said to Timothy, “Do not let anyone look down
on you because you are young, but be an example for the believers in your speech, your
conduct, your love, faith, and purity”.
From their book entitled, Ten Virtues of Outstanding Leaders: Leadership and Character
Al Gini and Ronald M. Green (2013) asserted “Leadership is not just a set of learned skills, a
series of outcomes, a career, a profession, or a title. Leadership, at its core, is about character:
specifically, a character attuned to its ethical responsibilities to others. The kind of character
that, in regard to others, always tries to do the right thing, for the right reason, on purpose.”
According to them the ten (10) virtues of leaders must have been the following:
1. Deep Honesty
2. Moral Courage
3. Moral Vision

4. Compassion and Care
5. Fairness
6. Intellectual Excellence
7. Creative Thinking
8. Aesthetic Sensitivity
9. Good Timing
10. Deep Selflessness
John Maxwell also named several factors that can attribute to a good leader. As discussed in his
book, “The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership” Maxwell enlisted seven factors that every leader
should highly consider.
1. Character: Who They Are - “True leadership always begins with the inner person.”
Great character will create potential for a great organization. But, it all begins with the
leader’s heart.
2. Relationships: Who They Know - “Build the right kinds of relationships with the right
people, and you can become the real leader in an organization.”
3. Knowledge: What They Know - “Whenever I was new to an organization, I always spent
a lot of time doing homework before I tried to take the lead.”
4. Intuition: What They Feel - “Leaders seek to recognize and influence intangibles such as
energy, morale, timing, and momentum.”
5. Experience: Where They Have Been - “The greater challenges you’ve faced as a leader
in the past, the more likely followers are to give you a chance in the present.”
6. Past Success: What They Have Done - “Every time I extended myself, took a risk, and
succeeded, followers had another reason to trust my leadership ability – and to listen to
what I had to say.”
7. Ability: What They Can Do - “The bottom line for followers is what a leader is capable
of. They want to know whether that person can lead the team to victory.”
How To Improve Your Leadership Skills?

There is always a room for improvement. Nobody is perfect nor has no one reached the ultimate
level of leadership. Everyone undergoes the process of leadership development. How to improve
your leadership skills while in college? Consider the following S-E-A-L suggestions:
1. Self-assessment. From previous discussion on Understanding the Self, reflection and
examining oneself helps a person to recognize his/her strengths and weaknesses. Having
a quality time of reflection produces a deeper understanding of your leadership level,
style and potentials.
2. Educate yourself. A leader is open minded and keeps on learning. Give yourself a chance
to attend and participate in short courses in leadership, trainings, workshops, and even
symposia. Follow the principle of learn, unlearn and relearn.

3. Attitude counts. Character may ruins or builds up leadership. Good leaders who practice
honesty, humility, fair and just decision, trustworthiness, respect others and the like
establish integrity in leadership.
4. Learn from others – their success and failures. You will gain insights in reading and
studying the life of the leaders. You will learn from their failures; you will be inspired by
their success.
More on Leadership
1. My Model Leader
Among the well-known leaders in the world, choose a leader (one international, one in
local) whom do you think a model leader. Why do you consider them as role model in
leadership? What makes their leadership effective? What are their personality traits,
characteristics and positive habit?
________________________________________________________________________
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1. Who is a leader to you? Give your own characteristics or qualities of a good leader.
______________________________________________________________________
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________________________

Evaluation
In this module, I learned that:
______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
__________
This week, I will demonstrate my commitment to be a good citizen of my town/city through:

______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
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______________________________________________________________________________
__________

References:
Brown, Duane and R. Kelly Crace, 1996. Life Values Inventory Publisher: Life Values
Resources, pinnowedna@charter.net. (retrieved May 29, 2019)
Davis, Tchiki https://www.psychologytoday.com/.../what-is-self-awareness-and-how-do-you-

get-it(retrieved May 29, 2019)
Kelly, James 2011. destinysodyssey.com/the-odyssey/self.../self-awareness/.../self-awareness-

worksheet/ (retrieved May 29, 2019)
https://stevenmsmith.com/what-is-leadership/
https://www.lesquennevais.sch.je/student-leadership
http://14.139.13.47:8080/jspui/bitstream/10603/231449/8/09_chapter1.pdf
https://www.coursehero.com/file/p77eamm/7-Transactional-Leadership-Transactional-
leadership-succeeds-best-in-a-context/

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PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MUNTINLUPA

LEARNING NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

After finishing this module, you are expected to:

1. Discuss the meaning of leadership.

2. Describe the leadership types and their

3. Assess their personal leadership level.

4. Explain the qualities of a good leader.

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

No Statements Not Rarely Some Often Very

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

 A person who is able to influence others to achieve the common goals.

Leadership is influence, nothing more, nothing less. – John Maxwell

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

International leadership gurus give us in depth understanding about leadership. Read

Leadership empowers, meaning a leader inspires confidence and self-esteem. Some

Leadership creates contribution, which means every member gives

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

2. Bureaucratic Leadership: This leadership style is characterized with highly formalized

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

4. Laissez-Faire Leadership: In this style of leadership, a leader gives organizational

5. Transactional Leadership: As applied to an organization or company, transactional

6. Task-Oriented Leadership: The emphasis of task-oriented leadership is merely on

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

7. People-Oriented/Relations-Oriented Leadership: If task-oriented leadership focuses on

8. Servant Leadership: Servant leadership characterizes a leader often lead by example.

9. Transformational Leadership: Transformational leadership is considered to be one of

10. Charismatic Leadership: Charismatic leadership highly regarded leader’s personality.

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

Appropriateness of leadership style leads to the success of an organization in achieving its

Activity 2. Understanding Leadership Style

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

How To Improve Your Leadership Skills?

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

This week, I will demonstrate my commitment to be a good citizen of my town/city through:

QR/NSTP/0__ Course Title: NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

Davis, Tchiki https://www.psychologytoday.com/.../what-is-self-awareness-and-how-do-you-

Kelly, James 2011. destinysodyssey.com/the-odyssey/self.../self-awareness/.../self-awareness-

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