Entrepreneurship development #23

Unit 1

a) **Write the difference between Entrepreneur and Intrapreneur.

b) **Discuss the importance of Entrepreneurship development
c) *Write a brief note on Entrepreneur Environment Explain technological of it
d) **Explain 'Entrepreneur' with its qualities(characteristics.)
e) Explain the types of Entrepreneur
f) What do you mean by Entrepreneurship Environment? Explain social segment of it.
g) Describe institutional support mechanism in India for Entrepreneurship Development.

Unit 2

h) **Discuss the role of Central Government and State Government in promoting

Entrepreneurship.
i) *Explain Export oriented incentives and facilities for exporters.
j) Discuss the various incentives, subsidies and grants for Entrepreneurship Development.
k) Describe various types of incentives for Entrepreneurship Development

Unit 3

a) *Explain the problems faced by Women Entrepreneur.

b) *Explain the challenges to Woman Entrepreneurs.
c) *What are the role models of Women entrepreneur in India?

Unit 4

a) **Describe various International Entrepreneurship opportunities.

b) **What are the steps to start a Small Industry?

Unit 5

a) *Explain the concept of small business with its definition.

b) ** *Explain the role of Small Business in the modern Indian Economy.
c) **Explain the role of Small Entrepreneur in International Business

Unit 6
a) *Explain the Advantages of SSI and Explain the problems of SSI.
b) *Explain the advantages of SSIS and Explain the problems of SSIS.
c) **Explain the Role of SIDBI in Entrepreneurship Development.
 Cyber security #33

Unit 1

a) **What is Information Security? Explain its basic principles.

b) *Define Information System Explain the importance of information system.
c) Explain various threats and attacks to information security system.

Unit 2

d) *Explain business transaction on Web.

e) *Explain security threats to E-commerce.
f) *Explain Criteria for selection of Biometric in detail.
g) *Explain the concept and benefits of biometrics system.
h) What is Biometrics? Explain any two biometric techniques
i) *What is Electronics payment system? Explain any one Electronic payment system
and its advantages.
j) Differentiate credit cards and debit cards.
k) Write a note on Internet Banking.
l) What is Physical Security? Give three main components of Physic Security.
m) List and Explain Natural Disaster and controls

Unit 3

a) *What is digital signature? Explain requirements of digital signature system.

b) *What is Cryptography? Explain model of cryptographic systems.
c) Describe digital signature and fingerprints.
d) What are the different issues present in document security?

Unit 4

a) *What is VPN ? Explain use of Tunneling with VPN.

b) *Which are the types of VPNs? Explain its usage. And its Explain the need.
c) What is Intrusion Monitoring and Detection? Explain its need.
d) Explain virtual private networks.
e) Explain the basic concept of Network Security.

Unit 5

a) ***Explain e-mail Spoofing and Cyber Fraud detection.

b) What is data recovery? Explain.
c) *Explain mobile number hacking and email hacking
d) Describe the term cybercrime in brief.
e) Explain Dos attack.

Unit 6

a) What Cyber Laws? Explain Information Technology Act, 2000.

b) What is Cyber Crime? Explain categories of Cyber
c) Explain the issues in document security: 3003
d) Explain the features of IT Act 2000 with respect to cyber law.
e) Write a note on IT act 2008.
f) (b) Explain the terms: (i) Firewall (ii) Data Recovery (ii) Smart Card
ASP.NET
Unit 1

a) *What is ASP.NET? Explain the features of ASP.NET.

b) *Explain ASP.NET webpage model in details.
c) Write the short notes on following page directives.
1) Page 2)Register
3) Import 4) Assembly
d) Write short notes on ASP.NET page life cycle.

Unit 2

e) *What is HTML Server controls? Explain any two HTML server controls with different
properties.
f) *Explain any two validation controls in ASP.Net.
g) Explain Ad-Rotator Control.
h) Explain any four properties of Textbox control and Checkbox controls.
i) Explain tree view control with an example.

Unit 3

a) *Write short notes on Cookies

b) *Write notes on global application class and Explain global. asax file.
c) *Explain HTTP Response object and Request object
d) *Explain state management in details.
e) Explain web configuration file.

Unit 4

a) Explain master page and contents page.

b) Explain the steps of creating master page in web development.
c) Explain any two Navigation controls in ASP.NET.

Unit 5

a) Explain SqlDataSource control with different properties.

b) Explain architecture of ADO.NET.
c) Explin Data bound controls in ASP.NET.
d) Explain ADO.NET objects in details.

Unit 6

a) What is Data-Bound Control? Explain GridView control with differen properties.

b) Explain login status control.
c) Explain login control with its different properties.
d) Describe login status and login view control.
 Software Engineering
Unit 1

a) *Define System. Discuss any four system characteristics.

b) *Describe the various types of system.
c) Describe the use of Feedback and feed forward control system.
d) *what is system ? Explain the elements of system.

Unit 2

a) Explain SDLC spiral model in detail.

b) Explain 'waterfall model' of SDLC with its diagram.
c) Explain 'System Analyst' with its role in system development
d) Define system analyst. Explain the role of a system analyst as an architect and change
agent.
e) Explain the various factors affecting the system development.
f) Explain the various phases of waterfall model.
g) Describe in detail about the implementation and maintenance
h) With suitable diagram explain the use of spiral model in software Engineering
i) Who is system analyst? Explain the role of system analyst in development.
j) Describe the various phases of system Development life cycle

Unit 3

a) Explain technical and economical feasibility in detail.

b) Explain feasibility study in detail with Its Importance.
c) Describe data gathering techniques-On-site observation and review of written
documents.
(i) Interview and questionnaires.
d) (ii) Group Discussion
e) What is feasibility study? Explain its various types.
f) Explain the following data & fact gathering techniques:
g) With a suitable diagram explain the use of prototyping model in software engineering.
h) Explain the different data and fact gathering techniques in detail.
i) Define feasibility study. Explain the types of feasibility study.

Unit 4

a) Describe Design ‘ Tree' with suitable example

b) Explain 'Data Dictionary as a tool for structured analysis
c) Describe logical and physical design with reference to system design.
d) Explain data flow diagram with its notations.
e) Explain the following terms:
(i)Decision tree
f) With an example explain about DFD.
g) the advantages of of CASE tools.
h) Describe how system flowcharts are useful while designing the system
i) Define ERD. Explain the use of ERD in software Engineering.
j) What is structural English? Explain in detail
k) Explain the concept logical and physical design.
 l) Define the following terms.
i) Decision tree. ii) Decision tables.
m) What is DFD? Explain with suitable example.
n) What is data dictionary? How it is used in software Engineering?
o) Write a short note on CASE tools.

Unit 5

a) Explain guidelines to design input as user interface.

b) Write short notes on User interface design process.
c) Discuss the various guidelines to design input and output user-interfaces.

Unit 6

a) Explain library management system with input and output layouts.

b) Design hospital management system with data flow diagram (DFD) and entity
relationship diagram.
c) Explain the design of Hospital Managment System with diagram.
d) With suitable diagram explain the Design of Library management system
Entrepreneurship development
Unit 1

1) **Write the difference between Entrepreneur and Intrapreneur

Check on the book…..!
Meaning
Capital
Dependency
Objective
Ownership
Resources
Risk
Reward
Autonomy
Work for

2) **Discuss the importance of Entrepreneurship development Pradee sc jiwg

Entrepreneurship development is of paramount importance for individuals,
communities, and economies worldwide. It fosters innovation, economic
growth, job creation, and social development. Here are some key points
highlighting the importance of entrepreneurship development:

1. Economic Growth: Entrepreneurship is a catalyst for economic

growth. New businesses and startups create fresh revenue streams,
stimulate market activity, and contribute to a nation's GDP. They drive
competition, which can lead to lower prices and increased quality for
consumers.
2. Job Creation: Entrepreneurship is a significant source of job creation.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), often founded by
entrepreneurs, are major employers in many economies. These
businesses tend to hire more people per unit of capital invested
compared to large corporations.
3. Innovation: Entrepreneurs are at the forefront of innovation. They
identify market gaps, unmet needs, and emerging trends and develop
creative solutions. This innovation is essential for technological
progress and industry disruption.
4. Wealth Generation: Successful entrepreneurs can accumulate
substantial wealth, which can be reinvested into new ventures or used
 to support philanthropic endeavors. This wealth generation can
contribute to personal prosperity and economic development.
5. Poverty Reduction: Entrepreneurship can be a tool for poverty
reduction. It offers opportunities for individuals to create self-
employment and generate income, particularly in underserved and
impoverished communities.
6. Regional Development: Entrepreneurship can revitalize local and
regional economies. When entrepreneurs establish businesses in
underdeveloped areas, they inject capital, create jobs, and stimulate
economic activity.
7. Diversity and Inclusivity: Entrepreneurship encourages diversity and
inclusivity. It provides opportunities for individuals from diverse
backgrounds, including women, minorities, and disadvantaged
groups, to participate in the business world, reducing economic
disparities.
8. Adaptability and Resilience: Entrepreneurs develop adaptability and
resilience as they face various challenges, risks, and uncertainties.
These skills are not only beneficial for business success but also for
personal growth and resilience in other aspects of life.
9. Global Competitiveness: Nations that promote entrepreneurship
and innovation tend to be more competitive on the global stage. A
robust entrepreneurial ecosystem attracts foreign investment,
enhances trade relationships, and positions a country for economic
success.
10.Environmental Sustainability: Entrepreneurship can drive
environmental sustainability by fostering green technologies, eco-
friendly practices, and innovative solutions to address environmental
challenges. Socially responsible entrepreneurship contributes to a
more sustainable planet.
11.Social Impact: Social entrepreneurship is an emerging field that
focuses on creating businesses with a positive social or environmental
impact. These ventures address pressing societal issues, such as
poverty, healthcare, education, and access to clean water, and aim to
bring about positive change.
12.Cultural and Technological Exchange: Entrepreneurship often
transcends borders, leading to cultural exchange and the sharing of
ideas and technologies on a global scale. This can promote cross-
cultural understanding and collaboration.
3) **Explain 'Entrepreneur' with its qualities(characteristics.)
An entrepreneur is an individual who initiates, manages, and takes on the
financial risks associated with a business or venture. Entrepreneurs are
known for their ability to identify opportunities, create innovative solutions,
and drive economic growth. Here are some key characteristics that define
entrepreneurs:

1. Visionary Thinking: Entrepreneurs have a clear and compelling vision of

what they want to achieve. They can see opportunities and possibilities
where others might not, and they use this vision to set ambitious goals.
2. Risk-Taking: Entrepreneurship inherently involves risk, and successful
entrepreneurs are willing to take calculated risks. They understand that
risk is a part of the journey and are prepared to face failures and
setbacks.
3. Innovative Mindset: Entrepreneurs are often creative thinkers who can
identify problems and come up with novel and innovative solutions.
They constantly seek to improve and disrupt the status quo.
4. Passion: A deep passion for their business idea or industry is a common
trait among entrepreneurs. This passion fuels their determination and
commitment, helping them overcome challenges and setbacks.
5. Resilience: Entrepreneurship is filled with ups and downs. Entrepreneurs
must be resilient, able to bounce back from failures, learn from their
mistakes, and keep moving forward.
6. Adaptability: The business landscape is constantly changing, and
entrepreneurs need to be adaptable. They can pivot their strategies,
embrace new technologies, and respond to shifting market dynamics.
7. Self-Motivation: Entrepreneurs are highly self-motivated individuals.
They don't rely on external factors to stay driven; they set their own
goals and work tirelessly to achieve them.
8. Resourcefulness: Entrepreneurs are resourceful problem solvers. They
often start with limited resources and find creative ways to make the
most of what's available.
9. Decision-Making Skills: Entrepreneurs make critical decisions that can
shape the future of their businesses. They must weigh options, assess
risks, and make choices under uncertainty.
10.Leadership and Team Building: Successful entrepreneurs know how to
lead and inspire their teams. They understand that a great idea alone is
not enough; a strong team is essential for execution.
11.Networking Abilities: Building a strong network of contacts is crucial
for entrepreneurs. It provides opportunities for partnerships,
collaborations, mentorship, and access to resources.
12.Customer Focus: Entrepreneurs prioritize understanding and meeting
customer needs. They often seek feedback and iterate their products or
services to ensure they provide value.
14.Time Management: Entrepreneurs have to manage multiple
responsibilities. Effective time management is crucial to maximize
productivity and meet deadlines.

These characteristics collectively define what it means to be an

entrepreneur. While entrepreneurs may possess these qualities to varying
degrees, it is the combination of these traits that often distinguishes them
and allows them to navigate the challenges of entrepreneurship and create
successful businesses.

4) Explain the types of Entrepreneur.

Based on the Business Type

Depending on the type of business, entrepreneurs are classified into the following
types:

Trading Entrepreneur:- A trading entrepreneur refers to a person who

undertakes business-related activities. These types of entrepreneurs usually buy
finished products in bulk from manufacturers at some discount. They then sell these
products directly or with the help of retailers or vendors with profits. A business
entrepreneur usually acts as a middleman between manufacturers and customers.
This may include wholesalers, retailers, dealers, etc.

Manufacturing Entrepreneur:- The founder of a business to

manufacture products is known as a manufacturing entrepreneur. Manufacturing
entrepreneurs analyze market needs or customer needs and manufacture products
to meet such needs using various resources or technologies. In simple words,
manufacturing entrepreneurs transform raw materials into finished products
according to the customer's needs.

Agricultural Entrepreneur:- Agricultural entrepreneurs refer to the

types of entrepreneurs who primarily do agricultural work. They participate in a wide
range of agricultural activities such as farming, irrigation, agricultural produce,
mechanization, technology, etc.

Based on the Technology

Based on technology, entrepreneurs are classified into the following types:

Technical Entrepreneur:- Such entrepreneurs are called technology

entrepreneurs who use to start and continue industries primarily based on science
and technology. These entrepreneurs develop new ideas and turn those ideas into
technology-based innovations and inventions. They always work to create new
methods of production in the fields of technology and science. Besides, they also
manufacture products that can help ordinary citizens and other non-technical
entrepreneurs in their enterprises.

Non-Technical Entrepreneur:- As the name suggests,

entrepreneurs who do not set up and run enterprises based on science and
technology are known as non-technical entrepreneurs. In short, non-tech
entrepreneurs are those who work for innovations using traditional methods. They
typically use alternative and exemplary marketing methods and follow non-technical
delivery strategies to engage directly with customers. This ultimately helps them to
survive and grow their business in a competitive market. Moreover, they create
better relationships and meet customer needs.

Based on Ownership
Based on ownership, entrepreneurs are classified into the following types:
Private Entrepreneur:- When an entrepreneur starts something
personal of his or her own, such as setting up an enterprise, he/she is called a private
entrepreneur. A private entrepreneur is the only person who plays the sole proprietor
role for a business venture and bears the risk associated with it.

State Entrepreneur:-When a state or government does a business or

industrial undertaking, it is referred to as a 'state entrepreneur'. In this case, the
government is the sole owner of the enterprise and will bear all the profits and losses
involved with it.

Joint Entrepreneurs:- When a business or industrial undertaking is

established and operated jointly by the private entrepreneur and the government, it
is called joint entrepreneurship. The parties involved are called joint entrepreneurs. In
this case, risk and profits are shared by both parties. However, the sharing
percentages generally depend on the type of business and the agreement between
the two parties.

Based on Gender
Based on gender, entrepreneurs are classified into the following types:

Men Entrepreneurs:- When any business venture is formed, managed

and operated by men, these men are referred to as men entrepreneurs.

Women Entrepreneurs:- When any business venture is formed,

managed and operated by women, these women are referred to as women
entrepreneurs. Besides, if women have a minimum 51 percent share of the capital,
they can also be known as women entrepreneurs.

Based on the Enterprise size

Based on the size of the enterprise, entrepreneurs are classified into the following
types:

Small-Scale Entrepreneur:- If an entrepreneur has invested up to a

maximum of 1 crore in starting an enterprise, including plant and machinery, such
entrepreneur is called Small Scale Entrepreneur.

Medium-Scale Entrepreneur:- If an entrepreneur has invested a

minimum of 1 crore to a maximum of 5 crores in starting an enterprise, including
plant and machinery, then such entrepreneur is called Medium Scale Entrepreneur.
Large-Scale Entrepreneur:- If an entrepreneur has invested more
than 5 crores in starting an enterprise, including plant and machinery, such an
entrepreneur is called a large-scale entrepreneur. This includes any investment above
5 crores.

5) Entrepreneurship Environment and its Social and Technological

Segments:

The entrepreneurship environment refers to the external factors, conditions, and

influences that shape the context in which entrepreneurs operate and build their
businesses. It encompasses various segments, including the social and technological
segments:

Social Segment:

The social segment of the entrepreneurship environment focuses on the societal and
interpersonal aspects that affect entrepreneurship. This includes factors such as:

1. Cultural Norms and Values: Cultural norms and values can significantly
impact entrepreneurship. They influence attitudes toward risk-taking,
innovation, and business ownership. Some cultures may encourage
entrepreneurship, while others may be more risk-averse.
2. Social Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship: The general societal perception
of entrepreneurship plays a significant role. Positive attitudes can encourage
more people to become entrepreneurs and create a supportive ecosystem.
3. Social Networks and Support: The availability of social networks and support
systems is crucial for entrepreneurs. Networking, mentorship, and
collaboration opportunities contribute to a vibrant entrepreneurial
environment.
4. Access to Human Capital: A society's education system and the availability of
skilled individuals are essential factors. A well-educated and trained workforce
can benefit entrepreneurial activities.
5. Diversity and Inclusion: An inclusive society fosters diverse entrepreneurship.
It leads to a broader range of innovative ideas and a more equitable
entrepreneurial landscape.
6. Social Entrepreneurship: Social entrepreneurship focuses on ventures aimed
at creating positive social and environmental impact. This segment
emphasizes the role of entrepreneurship in addressing societal challenges and
improving the well-being of communities.

Technological Segment:
The technological segment of the entrepreneurship environment focuses on the role
of technology in shaping entrepreneurial activities. It includes factors such as:

1. Technological Innovation: Rapid advancements in technology create

opportunities for entrepreneurs. Innovations in AI, biotechnology, and
information technology enable the development of new products, services,
and business models.
2. Access to Information: The digital age offers entrepreneurs access to vast
amounts of data and knowledge. The democratization of information lowers
barriers to entry and supports informed decision-making.
3. E-commerce and Online Marketplaces: The internet has revolutionized how
businesses operate and reach their customers. E-commerce platforms enable
global reach without the need for physical storefronts.
4. Cloud Computing and SaaS: Cloud computing and software as a service
(SaaS) provide cost-effective access to powerful software tools, reducing IT
infrastructure investments.
5. Digital Marketing and Social Media: Technology platforms, especially social
media, are essential marketing tools, offering cost-effective ways to reach and
engage with target audiences.
6. Internet of Things (IoT): IoT creates opportunities for entrepreneurs to
develop connected devices and solutions that improve efficiency,
convenience, and sustainability.
7. Cybersecurity and Data Privacy: Increasing technology use has elevated
cybersecurity concerns, creating opportunities for entrepreneurs specializing
in cybersecurity solutions.

Understanding and navigating the social and technological segments of the

entrepreneurship environment is crucial for entrepreneurs looking to thrive in today's
dynamic business landscape. These segments collectively shape the culture,
opportunities, and challenges that entrepreneurs face as they build and grow their
businesses.
Unit 2
6) **Discuss the role of Central Government and State Government in
promoting Entrepreneurship.
The promotion of entrepreneurship is crucial for economic growth, job creation, and innovation.
Both central (national) and state governments have important roles to play in fostering
entrepreneurship and supporting entrepreneurs. Here's a discussion of their respective roles:

What is the role of Central government in promoting Entrepreneurship?

The ultimate motive of the Indian government is to encourage employment and innovation across
various sectors of the nation. So, Government the innovative plans, programs, and schemes that aim
to promote entrepreneurship in the nation. Below we have highlighted some of the major ones.
1. Small Industries Development Organization – SIDO : SIDO was launched in 1973 under
the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Marketing. It is an apex body, which is responsible for
formulating policies for the promotion and development of small-scale industries. Its can be
classified into three major categories: 1) Coordination 2) Industrial Development 3) Extension
2. The Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India – EDI : EDI is a non-profit
institution and autonomous body that came into existence in 1983. Moreover, many apex financial
institutions like SBI, IDBI, IFCI, and ICICI are the primary sponsors of EDI. Here are the key objectives
of EDI :
1) To create multiple self-employment opportunities across the nation.
2) Boosting the supply of dynamic entrepreneurs through professional training.
3) Augmenting the supply of entrepreneurs in the country. Instilling the spirit of entrepreneurship in
the young generations.
4) Encouraging corporate excellence by developing intrapreneurs or entrepreneurial managers.
3. Make in India : Make in India is a revolutionary scheme of the government of India launched in
2014 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. It aims to boost the domestic manufacturing functions of
the country. Apart from this, Make in India also aims to encourage both domestic and foreign
investments in the country.
4. Support to Training and Employment programs for Women: The STEP scheme intends
to provide relevant employability skills and competence to women of India. It aims to empower
them by offering innovative self-employment opportunities. It covers sectors like Handlooms,
Stitching, Food Processing, Horticulture, Agriculture, Zari, Embroidery, Technology, Handicrafts, and
Tailoring.
5. Startup India Scheme - SIS: This scheme was launched in 2016. It is a government of India
initiative that aims to generate employment, promote startups, and develop the economy. SIS gave
rise to several programs that facilitate in building a stronger ecosystem to transform India. Let us
have a look at the benefits of the Startup India Scheme.
Ease of Work , Financial Support , Government Support .
6. Digital India: It is an initiative that was launched to empower the technological front of the
nation. It is ideally an umbrella program that shields multiple government departments and
ministries. factors of growth areas like: Broadband highways Public internet access program 1)
Universal access to mobile connectivity 2) E-governance 3) E-Kranti-electronic delivery of services
4)Electronic manufacturing 5) IT for jobs
7. Management development Institute (MDI): MDI is located at Gurgaon (Haryana).it
established in 1973 and is sponsored by Industrial Finance Corporation Of India, with objectives of
improving managerial effectiveness in the industry. It conducts management development programs
in various fields, In also includes the programs for the officers of IAS,IES,BHEL,ONGC and many other
leading PSU's.
8. All India Small Scale Industries Board (ALSSIB) The Small-Scale Industries Board (SSI
Board) is the apex advisory body constituted to render advise to the Government on all issues
pertaining to the small scale sector. It determines the policies and programs for the development of
small industries with a Central Government Minister as its president and the representatives of
various organization i.e. Central Government, State Government, National Small Industries
Corporations,etc.
9. National Institution or entrepreneurship Small Business Development (), New Delhi:
it was established in 1983 by the Government of India It is an apex body to supervise the activities of
various agencies in the entrepreneurial development programs. It is a society under government of
India Society Act of 1860. The major activities of institute are: 1) To make effective strategies and
methods 2) To standardize model syllabus for training 3) To develop training aids, tools and manuals.
4) To conduct workshops, seminars and conferences.
10. National Small Industries Corporation Ltd. (NSIC)
The NSIC was established in 1995 by the Central Government with the objective of assisting the
small industries in the Government purchase programs. The corporation provides a vast-market for
the products of small industries through its marketing network. It also assists the small units in
exporting their products in foreign countries.
 Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship(IIE)
It was established by the Department of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries in
1953.It is autonomous organization with its headquarters at Guwahati. Its main objective is to
undertake research, training and consultancy activities in the field of small industry and
entrepreneurship.
 Miscellaneous Organisation
In addition to above various organizations at all India level are assisting and are engaged in
entrepreneur development.These include ICICI, IFCI, SIDBI, UTI, IDBI, IIBI etc.
 National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs(NAYE)
It has sponsored number of entrepreneurial development acheme in collaboration with various
public sector banks.The main objective of the scheme is to encourage young entrepreneurs to
explore investment and self –employment opportunities .It arranges for their training and assists
them in procuring necessary finance.In 1975 NAYE also set up a Women’s Wing to make women self-
relaint and to raise their status.

10,What is the role of State government in promoting Entrepreneurship?

 Natioanl Research and development corporation (NRDC)
NRDC was established in 1953 under Department of Science and Industrial Research under
Government of India.Its main objectives are:
i) Providing assistance in technology transfer
ii) Transfer of technology
iii) Establishing relations with various technology institutions and collecting various indigenous
techniques developed by them.
 Indian Investment Centre
This is an autonomous organization established by Central Government.Its main objective is to
assist in promoting foreign cooperation with Indian entrepreneurs and providing necessary
information to foreign entrepreneurs.
 Khadi and village industries Commission(KVIC
Khadi and Village Industries Commission established by an Act of Parliament in 1956.It is a service
organization engaged in promotion and development of Khadi and Village Industries in rural areas.
Its main objectives are:
i) Providing employment in rural areas.
ii) Improvement of skills
iii) Rural Industrialisation
iv) Transfer of Technology
 Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship(IIE)
It was established by the Department of Small Scale Industries and Agro and Rural Industries in
1953.It is autonomous organization with its headquarters at Guwahati. Its main objective is to
undertake research, training and consultancy activities in the field of small industry and
entrepreneurship.
 Miscellaneous Organisation
In addition to above various organizations at all India level are assisting and are engaged in
entrepreneur development.These include ICICI, IFCI, SIDBI, UTI, IDBI, IIBI etc.
 National Alliance of Young Entrepreneurs(NAYE)
It has sponsored number of entrepreneurial development acheme in collaboration with various
public sector banks.The main objective of the scheme is to encourage young entrepreneurs to
explore investment and self –employment opportunities .It arranges for their training and assists
them in procuring necessary finance.In 1975 NAYE also set up a Women’s Wing to make women self-
relaint and to raise their status.
 Centre for Entrepreneurial Development(CED) Ahmedabad
It was sponsored by the Government of Gujrat and public financial institutions operating in the
State.It conducts entrepreneurial development programmes at various centres.The important
features of training programme are:
i) Training programmes were conducted after survey for opportunities was made.
ii) Appropriate linkage was established with supporting agencies supplying finance,factory sheds,raw
materials, etc.
iii) Behavioural tests were conducted to select the entrepreneurs.
 Institute for Entrepreneurial Development (IED)
It was set up by the IDBI in association with other financial institutions,public sector banks and the
State Governments.The IEDs was set up to fulfil the entrepreneurial development needs of the
industrially backward States in the country.
 Technical Consultancy Organisation (TCOs)
A network of TCOs has been established by All India Financial Institutions and State Government
throughout the country.These organizations have been set up to provide comprehensive package of
services to entrepreneurs in general and to small business entrepreneurs in particular.Their main
functions include the following:
i) Identifying potential industrial project.
ii) Preparing project reports,feasibility reports and pre-investment status.
 Public Sector Banks.
Public sector banks in association with NAYE have been conducting entrepreneurial development
programmes.The main thrust of these banks has been to identify potential entrepreneurs in rural
and
backward areas.For example Punjab National Bank started entrepreneurial assistance programme
in March 1977 in th States of West Bengal and Bihar. Similarly,Bank of India started entrepreneurial
assistance programme since August 1972 in the States of Punjab, Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh,J&k
and the Union Territories of Chandigarh and Delhi.
The important Forms of entrepreneurial assistance are:
i) Identifying potential entrepreneurs
ii) Identifying viable projects.
iii) Assisting in preparation of project profiles

Both central and state governments play complementary roles in fostering entrepreneurship.
Their collaborative efforts help create an environment where aspiring entrepreneurs can find the
necessary resources, support, and opportunities to launch and grow successful businesses. This
dual approach leverages the strengths and resources of both levels of government to promote
entrepreneurship on a broader scale.
7) Type of incentives

Financial incentives Non financial incentives

Profit sharing Status

Bonus Job security
Commission Gift on events
Retirement plan Flexible working time
Insurance benefits Employees empowerment
8) Describe various types of incentives for Entrepreneurship Development.
(Prosan )
The term “incentive’, generally means encouraging productivity. It is a motivational force, which
encourages an entrepreneur to take a right decision and act upon it. The objective of providing
incentives is to motivate an entrepreneur to set up a new venture in the larger interest of the nation and
the society. Broadly, incentives include concessions, subsidies and bounties. Incentives may be
financial or non-financial. Types of Incentives:

• Incentives: The term incentive means encouraging productivity. It is a motivational force

which Entrepreneur takes a correct decision and proceeds upon it. Broadly, Incentives include
subsidies and bounties. Economic incentives both financial and nonfinancial move forwards an
entrepreneur towards important decision and action. Examples of Incentives : Industrial estates,
industrial complexes, availability of power, concessional finance, capital investment subsidy,
transport subsidy, are few examples of incentives to solve constraints faced by entrepreneurs in
small scale sector.

• Subsidy: Subsidy is a financial assistance or a sum of money provided by a government, to an

industry for public welfare or interest. It is any financial aid, grant, or contribution. “Subsidy”
means a single lump sum of money that is given by a Government to an entrepreneur to cover the
cost. Although commonly extended from government, the term subsidy can relate to any type of
support – for example from NGOs or as implicit subsidies.

• Grants: Grants are non-repayable funds or products disbursed or gifted by one party (grant
makers), often a government department, corporation, foundation or trust, to a recipient, often
(but not always) a nonprofit entity, educational institution, business or an individual. In order to
receive a grant, some form of "Grant Writing" often referred to as either a proposal or an
application is required.

• Bounty: The term “bounty” denotes a bonus or financial aid Which is given to an industry to
help it to compete with other units established in country or in a foreign market.

Unit 3
9) ***Explain the prabl4ems faced by Women Entrepreneur. Problems
1. Problem of Finance:
Finance is regarded as “life-blood” for any enterprise, be it big or
small. However, women entrepreneurs suffer from shortage of
finance on two counts.
Firstly, women do not generally have property on their names to use
them as collateral for obtaining funds from external sources. Thus,
their access to the external sources of funds is limited.

Secondly, the banks also consider women less credit-worthy and

discourage women borrowers on the belief that they can at any time
leave their business. Given such situation, women entrepreneurs are
bound to rely on their own savings, if any and loans from friends
and relatives who are expectedly meager and negligible. Thus,
women enterprises fail due to the shortage of finance.

2. Scarcity(less) of Raw Material:

Most of the women enterprises are plagued by the scarcity of raw
material and necessary inputs. Added to this are the high prices of
raw material, on the one hand, and getting raw material at the
minimum of discount, on the other. The failure of many women co-
operatives in 1971 engaged in basket-making is an example how the
scarcity of raw material sounds the death-knell of enterprises run by
women (Gupta and Srinivasan 2009).

3. Stiff Competition:
Women entrepreneurs do not have organizational set-up to pump in
a lot of money for canvassing and advertisement. Thus, they have to
face a stiff competition for marketing their products with both
organized sector and their male counterparts. Such a competition
ultimately results in the liquidation of women enterprises.

4. Limited Mobility:
Unlike men, women mobility in India is highly limited due to
various reasons. A single woman asking for room is still looked
upon suspicion. Cumbersome exercise involved in starting an
enterprise coupled with the officials humiliating attitude towards
women compels them to give up idea of starting an enterprise.

5. Family Ties:
In India, it is mainly a women’s duty to look after the children and
other members of the family. Man plays a secondary role only. In
case of married women, she has to strike a fine balance between her
business and family. Her total involvement in family leaves little or
no energy and time to devote for business.

Support and approval of husbands seem necessary condition for

women’s entry into business. Accordingly, the educational level and
family background of husbands positively influence women’s entry
into business activities.

6. Lack of Education:
In India, around three-fifths (60%) of women are still illiterate.
Illiteracy is the root cause of socio-economic problems. Due to the
lack of education and that too qualitative education, women are not
aware of business, technology and market knowledge. Also, lack of
education causes low achievement motivation among women. Thus,
lack of education creates one type or other problems for women in
the setting up and running of business enterprises.

7. Male-Dominated Society:
Male chauvinism is still the order of the day in India. The
Constitution of India speaks of equality between sexes. But, in
practice, women are looked upon as abla, i.e. weak in all respects.
Women suffer from male reservations about a women’s role, ability
and capacity and are treated accordingly. In nutshell, in the male-
dominated Indian society, women are not treated equal to men.
This, in turn, serves as a barrier to women entry into business.

8. Low Risk-Bearing Ability:

Women in India lead a protected life. They are less educated and
economically not self-dependent. All these reduce their ability to
bear risk involved in running an enterprise. Risk-bearing is an
essential requisite of a successful entrepreneur.

Access to Funding: Women entrepreneurs often encounter difficulties in securing

funding for their businesses. They may face biases from investors, leading to a lack of
financial support compared to their male counterparts.

Limited Market Access: In certain cases, women entrepreneurs may find it difficult
to access markets, secure contracts, or establish partnerships due to biases or
preconceived notions about their abilities.

In addition to above problems, inadequate infrastructural facilities,

shortage of power, high cost of production, social attitude, low need
for achievement and socioeconomic constraints also hold the
women back from entering into business.

10) *What are the role models of Women entrepreneur in India?

The women entrepreneurs you've mentioned are indeed inspiring role models in India. Here's a
brief overview of each of them:

1. Falguni Nayar – Nykaa: Falguni Nayar is the Founder and CEO of Nykaa, one
of India's leading e-commerce platforms for beauty and cosmetic products.
She has played a significant role in shaping the beauty industry in India.20
year
2. Aditi Gupta – Menstrupedia: Aditi Gupta is the co-founder of Menstrupedia,
a social initiative and online platform dedicated to breaking the taboo
surrounding menstruation in India. She and her team empower women by
providing essential knowledge and resources.
3. Nimita Thapar Emcure Pharma- Namita Thapar is a well-known Indian
entrepreneur who has made significant contributions to the healthcare
industry as the CEO of Emcure Pharmaceuticals. Her appearance on the
popular Indian TV show Shark Tank has further solidified her status as an
inspiring role model for aspiring entrepreneurs
 4. Vinita sing 'Sugar cosmetics' - Driven by passion and motivation Vineeta
Singh left a lucrative job offer to start her own venture. Today, she is the co-
founder and CEO of the multi-million dollar brand 'Sugar cosmetics'. To
honour her entrepreneurial journey, she has been awarded as part of Business
Today- the
5. Kiran Mazumdar Shaw – Biocon India: Kiran Mazumdar Shaw is a pioneer in
the Indian biotechnology industry and the Founder of Biocon, one of India's
largest biotechnology companies. She has made substantial contributions to
the healthcare and biotech sectors.
6. Radhika Agarwal – Shop clues: Radhika Agarwal is one of the co-founders of
Shopclues, an e-commerce platform in India. She has been instrumental in
shaping the e-commerce landscape and promoting entrepreneurship.2011
online business 14 million regristred customer

These women have demonstrated exceptional leadership, innovation, and

entrepreneurship, and they serve as inspirational figures for women in India and
beyond. They have broken barriers, achieved success in their respective fields, and
paved the way for other women to pursue their entrepreneurial dreams.
Unit 4
11) **Describe various International Entrepreneurship opportunities.
International entrepreneurship provides a wealth of opportunities for entrepreneurs
looking to expand their businesses beyond their home countries. Here are various
international entrepreneurship opportunities:

1. Exporting and Importing:

 Entrepreneurs can explore global markets by exporting their products or
importing goods to meet domestic demand.
2. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):
 Entrepreneurs can establish subsidiaries, joint ventures, or partnerships in
foreign countries, particularly in industries that require a local presence.
3. Global E-commerce:
 The growth of online marketplaces and digital platforms allows entrepreneurs to
sell products and services to a global customer base.
4. Technology Startups:
 Entrepreneurs in the technology sector can create startups targeting
international markets, including software development, SaaS (Software as a
Service), and technology-based products.
5. International Education and Training:
 Offering educational services and training programs to international students
and professionals, such as online courses, language schools, and study abroad
programs.
6. Social Entrepreneurship:
 Engaging in social entrepreneurship on an international scale to address global
challenges, such as poverty, healthcare, and environmental sustainability
through innovative business models.
7. Manufacturing and Supply Chain:
 Establishing manufacturing units or participating in global supply chains to take
advantage of cost-effective labor and resources in different countries.
8. Cultural and Creative Industries:
 Entrepreneurs in the arts, culture, and creative sectors can engage in
international ventures, exporting cultural products, art, and entertainment
services.
9. Global Health and Wellness:
 Exploring international opportunities in the health and wellness industry,
including wellness retreats, health clinics, and telemedicine services for
international clients.
10. Financial Services:
 Entrepreneurs can enter the global financial services industry, including fintech,
cross-border payment solutions, and foreign exchange services.

Entrepreneurs interested in international ventures should conduct thorough market

research, understand international regulations, and adapt their business strategies to
suit the specific demands and opportunities of global markets. Factors such as
political stability, economic conditions, and cultural nuances should be carefully
considered when pursuing international entrepreneurship.

12) **What are the steps to start a Small Industry?

Starting a small industry involves several key steps to establish and operate a successful business.
Here are seven essential steps to start a small industry:

1. Business Idea and Market Research:

 Begin by identifying a viable business idea that aligns with your interests and
market demand. Conduct thorough market research to understand your target
audience, competition, and industry trends.
2. Business Plan:
 Create a comprehensive business plan that outlines your business objectives,
strategies, financial projections, and operational details. A well-structured
business plan serves as a roadmap for your business and is often required to
secure financing.
3. Legal Structure and Registration:
 Choose the legal structure for your small industry, such as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, LLC, or corporation. Register your business with the appropriate
 government authorities and obtain any necessary licenses, permits, and tax
identification numbers.
4. Funding and Finance:
 Determine the financial requirements to start and operate your small industry.
Explore funding options, which may include personal savings, loans, grants, or
investments. Create a financial plan to manage startup and ongoing expenses.
5. Location and Infrastructure:
 Select a suitable location for your business, taking into account factors like
accessibility, proximity to suppliers and customers, and cost. Establish the
necessary infrastructure and acquire equipment or technology required for your
industry.
6. Product/Service Development:
 If your small industry involves manufacturing, develop your products or services.
Implement quality control and testing processes to ensure your offerings meet
industry standards and customer expectations.
7. Marketing and Branding:
 Develop a marketing strategy to promote your small industry. Build a strong
brand identity, create a professional website, and utilize various marketing
channels, including social media, to reach your target audience and attract
customers.

These steps provide a foundational framework for starting a small industry. Beyond these, you'll
also need to address legal and regulatory compliance, quality control, inventory management,
team building, and financial management. Starting and running a small industry requires
dedication, careful planning, and ongoing management. It's essential to remain adaptable and
open to learning as you navigate the challenges and opportunities that come your way.

13) *Explain the concept of small business with its definition.

A small business is a privately-owned and operated enterprise that is characterized by its
relatively small size in terms of employees, revenue, and assets. Small businesses are a vital part
of the economy in many countries and contribute significantly to job creation, innovation, and
economic growth. Here's a definition and an explanation of the concept of small businesses:

Definition: A small business is a legally independent company, partnership, or sole

proprietorship that typically has a limited number of employees and generates a modest level of
revenue and profits. Small businesses can vary widely in terms of the industries they operate in
and the products or services they offer. They are often characterized by their flexibility, close-knit
work environments, and the direct involvement of the owner(s) in day-to-day operations.

“A small business is a privately-owned enterprise with a limited scale of

operations, characterized by relatively low revenue, a small number of
employees, and a localized market focus.”
Explanation: Small businesses are essential components of the business landscape, serving
various roles within the economy. Here are some key characteristics and aspects of small
businesses:

1. Size and Scale:

 Small businesses are generally defined by criteria such as the number of
employees, annual revenue, or total assets. These criteria can vary by country and
industry but typically place small businesses at the lower end of the spectrum in
terms of size.
2. Ownership and Management:
 Small businesses are usually privately owned and operated by an individual
entrepreneur or a small group of owners. The owners often play a hands-on role
in running the business and making key decisions.
3. Local Focus:
 Many small businesses operate on a local or regional scale, serving the immediate
community or a specific niche market. They may be retail stores, restaurants, local
service providers, or craft artisans.
4. Entrepreneurship and Innovation:
 Small businesses are often at the forefront of innovation and entrepreneurship.
They can quickly adapt to changing market conditions, introduce new products or
services, and experiment with novel business models.
5. Job Creation:
 Small businesses are significant contributors to job creation. They provide
employment opportunities for local communities, often accounting for a
substantial portion of total employment.
6. Challenges and Risks:
 Small businesses face unique challenges, including limited resources, financial
constraints, and competition from larger companies. They may also be more
vulnerable to economic downturns and market fluctuations.
7. Economic Impact:
 Despite their size, small businesses collectively have a substantial economic
impact. They drive economic growth, increase tax revenues, and play a crucial role
in fostering local and regional development.
8. Diversity of Industries:
 Small businesses can be found in various industries, including retail,
manufacturing, services, technology, and more. They contribute to the diversity
and resilience of the business ecosystem.
9. Community Engagement:
 Small businesses often have strong ties to their communities. They support local
initiatives, sponsor events, and contribute to the overall well-being of the areas in
which they operate.

It's important to note that the definition of a small business can vary based on factors such as
location, industry, and government regulations. What constitutes a small business in one industry
or region may differ from another. However, small businesses share common characteristics
related to their size, ownership, and role in the economy.
14) ** *Explain the role of Small Business in the modern Indian Economy.
ACCDEFRS.IJ (J)
Small businesses play a crucial and multifaceted role in the modern Indian economy. Their
contributions extend to various aspects of economic development, job creation, innovation, and
social progress. Here's an explanation of the role of small businesses in the contemporary Indian
economy:

1. Job Creation:
 Small businesses are significant job generators in India. They provide employment
opportunities for a substantial portion of the population, including skilled, semi-skilled,
and unskilled workers. This helps reduce unemployment and underemployment,
particularly in urban and rural areas.
2. Economic Growth and GDP Contribution:
 Small businesses collectively make a substantial contribution to India's gross
domestic product (GDP). Their presence and economic activities stimulate economic
growth, which is essential for overall prosperity and development.
3. Innovation and Entrepreneurship:
 Small businesses often serve as centers of innovation and entrepreneurship. They are
more agile and willing to take risks, leading to the development of new products,
services, and business models. This fosters a culture of innovation in the Indian
economy.
4. Rural Development:
 Small businesses play a pivotal role in rural development by providing income-
generating opportunities and reducing the migration of people from rural to urban
areas. This supports the government's efforts to promote balanced regional
development.
5. Contributions to Exports:
 Many small businesses engage in export-oriented activities, contributing to India's
international trade. These businesses promote the country's products and services in
global markets, which helps earn foreign exchange and boost the economy.
6. Diversity and Local Economy:
 Small businesses operate in a wide range of sectors, enhancing the diversity of the
Indian economy. They support the local economy by providing essential goods and
services, contributing to the vibrancy of communities across the nation.
7. Financial Inclusion:
 Small businesses often serve as catalysts for financial inclusion by generating income
for individuals and communities. They also offer opportunities for microfinancing and
small loans, improving access to financial services for underserved populations.
8. Adaptability and Resilience:
 Small businesses are often more adaptable and resilient than large corporations. Their
flexibility allows them to navigate market challenges and pivot in response to changing
circumstances.
9. Social and Environmental Responsibility:
 Many small businesses are conscious of their social and environmental responsibilities.
They often engage in sustainable and socially responsible practices, contributing to
corporate social responsibility efforts.
10. Competitive Market Dynamics:
  Small businesses introduce competition into the market, which can lead to better
products and services for consumers. This competition benefits consumers by offering
choices and driving innovation.

In summary, small businesses are the backbone of the modern Indian economy. They are
essential for job creation, economic growth, innovation, and overall development. The Indian
government has recognized their importance and implemented various policies and initiatives to
support and promote the small business sector, fostering a more robust and inclusive economy.

15) **Explain the role of Small Entrepreneur in International Business

Small businesses play a crucial role in the modern Indian economy in several
ways: DEEP RLI

1. Employment Generation: Small businesses are significant contributors to

job creation in India, providing employment opportunities to a large section
of the population. They absorb surplus labor from the agricultural sector
and help reduce unemployment. (More employeement generage compare
to larges business )
2. Contribution = to exports of india total 45% total small business in india
direct and indirect

3. Economic Growth: Small businesses contribute to economic growth by

fostering entrepreneurship and innovation. They are agile and adaptable,
which can lead to increased productivity and competitiveness in various
industries.

4. Rural Development: Small businesses are often found in rural and semi-
urban areas, which can help bridge the urban-rural economic divide. They
contribute to local development by generating income, improving
infrastructure, and reducing migration to cities.

5. Diversification: Small businesses operate in a wide range of sectors, which

adds diversity to the Indian economy. This diversification can help stabilize
the economy by reducing dependence on a few key industries.

6. Export Potential: Many small businesses are involved in exporting goods

and services, contributing to India's foreign exchange earnings. They play a
 role in global trade and help expand India's international economic
presence.

7. Promoting Self-Employment: Small businesses offer opportunities for

individuals to become self-employed entrepreneurs. This encourages self-
sufficiency and reduces the burden on public employment.

8. Innovation and Adaptability: Small businesses are often more innovative

and adaptable than larger corporations. They can quickly respond to
changing market demands and technology trends, driving progress.

9. Local Consumption: Small businesses cater to the needs of local

communities, promoting local consumption and reducing the dependence
on large multinational corporations.

However, small businesses in India also face challenges, including limited

access to finance, regulatory hurdles, and competition from larger
enterprises. Government initiatives and support, such as the "Make in
India" and "Startup India" programs, aim to address some of these
challenges and foster the growth of small businesses in the Indian
economy.

16) **Explain the Advantages of SSI and Explain the problems of SSI.
Advantages of Small Scale Industries (SSI):

1. Employment Generation: SSI plays a significant role in job creation,

particularly in developing economies. These businesses often require
less capital and can be labor-intensive, providing employment
opportunities in both urban and rural areas.
2. Local Economic Development: Small businesses contribute to the
economic development of local communities by creating a network
of suppliers, distributors, and service providers. This helps in the
overall growth and sustainability of the local economy.
3. Innovation and Flexibility: Small businesses are often more agile
and adaptable to changes in market conditions. This flexibility allows
them to innovate more quickly and respond efficiently to emerging
trends and customer demands.
 4. Entrepreneurial Opportunities: SSI encourages entrepreneurship by
providing individuals with the opportunity to start and manage their
own businesses. This fosters a culture of innovation and self-reliance.
5. Reduced Bureaucracy: Small businesses generally involve less
bureaucratic processes and are subject to fewer regulations
compared to larger corporations. This can make it easier for
entrepreneurs to start and operate their businesses.
6. Cost-Effective Operations: Due to their smaller scale, SSIs often
have lower overhead costs, making them more cost-effective to run.
This can contribute to higher profit margins and sustainability,
especially in the early stages of business development.
7. Community Development: Small businesses contribute to
community development by creating a sense of local identity and
pride. They often support local initiatives, events, and charitable
activities, strengthening the social fabric of a community.
8. Diversification of Industries: The presence of small-scale industries
contributes to the diversification of industries within a region,
reducing dependence on a single sector and promoting a more
balanced and resilient economy.

Problems of Small Scale Industries (SSI):

1. Limited Access to Capital: SSIs often face challenges in obtaining

sufficient capital for business expansion and development. Financial
institutions may be hesitant to lend to small businesses due to
perceived risks.
2. Lack of Technology and Innovation: Many small businesses may
struggle to adopt new technologies and innovations, limiting their
competitiveness in the market.
3. Marketing and Distribution Challenges: Small businesses may find
it difficult to compete with larger counterparts in terms of marketing
and distribution capabilities. Limited resources can hinder their ability
to reach a broader customer base.
4. Dependency on Local Markets: SSIs may be highly dependent on
local markets, making them vulnerable to economic downturns or
changes in local demand.
 5. Competition with Larger Enterprises: Small businesses often face
intense competition from larger enterprises with more resources,
making it challenging for them to gain market share.
6. Infrastructure Limitations: Inadequate infrastructure, such as
transportation and communication facilities, can hinder the smooth
operation and growth of small businesses.

Addressing these challenges requires a combination of supportive policies,

access to financial resources, skill development programs, and initiatives
that foster innovation and technology adoption in the small business
sector.

17) **Explain the Role of SIDBI in Entrepreneurship Development

MIDCRFVTP
The Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI) plays a crucial role
in promoting entrepreneurship and supporting the development of small-
scale industries in India.

Established in 1990, SIDBI functions as the principal financial institution for

the promotion, financing, and development of the micro, small, and
medium enterprise (MSME) sector.

Here are the key roles of SIDBI in entrepreneurship development:

1. Financial Support: SIDBI provides financial assistance to MSMEs

through various schemes and programs. It offers term loans, working
capital finance, and other credit facilities to help entrepreneurs
establish and expand their businesses.
2. Refinancing Facilities: SIDBI acts as a refinancing institution,
providing refinancing support to banks and financial institutions that
lend to MSMEs. This helps ensure a steady flow of credit to the
sector.
3. Venture Capital and Equity Support: SIDBI promotes equity
participation in MSMEs by providing venture capital and equity
support. This helps entrepreneurs raise capital without solely relying
on debt financing, encouraging a healthier financial structure.
4. Development of Financial Institutions: SIDBI works towards the
development of various financial institutions that cater to the MSME
 sector. It supports and coordinates with state-level financial
corporations, regional rural banks, and other institutions involved in
financing small-scale industries.
5. Promotion of Entrepreneurship: SIDBI plays an active role in
promoting entrepreneurship by supporting various initiatives and
programs aimed at skill development, capacity building, and
entrepreneurial education. It collaborates with other institutions to
provide training and mentorship to aspiring entrepreneurs.
6. Technology Upgradation and Modernization: SIDBI facilitates the
adoption of modern technologies in MSMEs by providing financial
assistance for technology upgradation and modernization. This helps
small businesses enhance their competitiveness and efficiency.
7. Credit Guarantee Schemes: SIDBI administers credit guarantee
schemes to mitigate the risk for banks and financial institutions
lending to MSMEs. This encourages these institutions to provide
more credit to small businesses.
8. Microfinance Support: SIDBI supports the microfinance sector,
providing funds to microfinance institutions (MFIs) and non-banking
financial companies (NBFCs) to extend financial services to micro-
enterprises and individuals in rural and underserved areas.
9. International Cooperation: SIDBI collaborates with international
agencies and financial institutions to facilitate technology transfer,
foreign investments, and global best practices in the MSME sector.

In summary, SIDBI serves as a key catalyst for entrepreneurship

development in India by providing financial, technical, and developmental
support to the MSME sector. Through its various initiatives, SIDBI
contributes to the growth and sustainability of small businesses, fostering
economic development and job creation.

18) *Explain the Export oriented incentives and facilities for exporters.
Export-oriented incentives and facilities are measures implemented by
governments to encourage and support businesses engaged in
international trade. These incentives and facilities aim to promote exports,
enhance the competitiveness of products and services in the global market,
and contribute to the overall economic growth. Here are some common
export-oriented incentives and facilities provided to exporters:
 1. Export Credit and Finance:
 Pre-shipment and Post-shipment Credit: Financial institutions
provide credit facilities to exporters to finance the various stages
of the export process, from production to shipment and post-
shipment.
2. Export Credit Insurance:
 Export Credit Insurance Schemes: Governments may offer
insurance coverage to protect exporters against non-payment
risks, ensuring that they receive payment for exported goods or
services.
3. Export Marketing Assistance:
 Market Development Assistance (MDA): Financial support may
be provided to exporters for promotional activities such as
participation in trade fairs, exhibitions, and advertising campaigns
to explore and expand international markets.
4. Training and Skill Development:
 Export Training Programs: Initiatives to enhance the skills and
knowledge of exporters, covering areas such as international
trade regulations, market intelligence, and compliance
requirements.
5. Export Subsidies and Grants:
 Direct Subsidies: Governments may provide direct financial
subsidies or grants to support specific industries or products that
are strategically important for export growth.

It's important to note that the availability and nature of these incentives
and facilities can vary from country to country. Exporters should stay
informed about the specific programs offered in their region and comply
with relevant regulations to fully benefit from these measures.