Download as pdf
Two classes of Sarring operation #
© bebwon the canters Gos woorckpi2ee as Spindle 43 comer
oo eB chucked on ona end
Wace
aes
Wve comore! Gas
C od ‘fem thot cupprt @ so
worckgiece
Aailstork Gy centerc
atlother end. cemiere
Qp “eA Ae)
© Fg.is1 Turning eparetions bhown carten,
— deflects ess under a gives joven than # held in one ex
= Yp runs true on good canters |
— Several diameter cut ot Ha sama or ot: different times
ar wost likely to be concentric zt
© |
— the uf must hava counter hole ot each end
— these holes have 60° conical beariny surfaces and
cut with a combination center drill and Countarsink .
DSS |
Fig: 1e'2.
gi tt2 Combination cantar drill and cotfrtnrsinke
Scanned with CamScanner I
Figs 18-3 Chucking operations in toring,
The. Lethe |
$55 A dianrom of principal parts and movamants
a om lathe, :
Fowar fend : a
— Pawar comas to the apron for fesding the Corage
Frrowgh the landserais- and Sand ‘ved .
~ beodreren is Used for cutting trad.
= The foad red > used to save the leadébress han
Okar Han thvaading operation ara) done’) Lt in wind 40
move tha carrage alng the balk or cress-slida
across the bed. :
| - = The power fead drive ina letha ‘a oli
| esdstoke. spindle . Tn that way of fea
turning or Hreanding 1% alusays rele
the spindle. j
— the drives gonas th a sat «f
SN Selling the aivecti nd th.
iting the ativection fend
Gees for setting He amount
Reversing mechanism fred ager box Ap ee
a ean off He
Dhethar for
Scanned with CamScanner y
0
a wo "ah |
Sige athe
“largest atinnater and Length “of wp fur cop handle.
ore Hie lodha will saing & piece 4 in Sater ovey the
best vssys. J
> Fist te ag" — Largest ae that can ba: eed
| bedways -“{tecld)
| » last toe digits fia over tha cross sli
| sot) |
- wi tio |
Fox length; el bn
| # macAum Aistanca PETE 7
|
\
) 7 + overall “bad length.
E Scanned with CamScanner = of lathe! v sar et
Tse broad classes
— manual Cone trol ot a time)
— automatic C generally wee)
Manual lathe: program : —
eed pongratn erent.
ce eae TT}
= Ganason gonexal purpose ce, controlled
lathe, ta engine lathe.
i, CRD [eA
— Principal parts described praviossly C
© Bench lethe +
— Small_siga lathe, ore commonly set
= hi I wa damn
high spead [[125- 4000 +P “| er
oe
— looks lia vague engine lathe, \
age high Kards
= more aceurale Tre orcial oad ee
= mova speed Han fend avaible . Gq qceuagy
| — has wore cecest aries, oR Tat ‘tag Sie
|. @-Speed lathe Pe cee
has feo unily, head stock , daileecle teal pert
one Night bed.)
— no peway fad i i
Tony hoo oe Then vag spindle 4
A = Used for polishing , Ugh metal stinnl wsged_ turning
Scanned with CamScanner y Duplicating lathe: / ing (othe
aA cLuplicating or trecer Lethe vo. onal
attachment thet enables tha mocking
ond face all Kinds of contours om tamolet
— Ae the Conrage moves along» the tool ia) :
a path Hb duplicabas tha path of ©
woring elena tho tamplete .
= Set-up 6 ysick 3 Paling auplate’, ™
= generally eeonowicel for modarah. Cy
Pieeos-
© Production Matha? et
— For modarata. quantity production! (Prager derek. qth
= gprarally fer sheaight tueningy &: singl
© spacial purpose lates im
© ge lothe — is removable sretien Hs bed. a aed
INCTZASQ_ suing’ “eet ‘A a aay wy 1
© wheal lathe - turning threads 4 rouge
. end locomotive sheel; eas]
{
on Fe
Scanned with CamScanner Aceessorias and attachment
BEESSSOTIAS ANA AMACnMeNTS
Aceessorios 2 are common uork- and t
avd supports.
Chucks : Wworlgiace balding device; Spindle}
heldors-
A universal or scroll ch chueke has tren Joss,
movad in unison by a scvell plate. Fig:
-A wranch inserted in any one of “hve Pinions
around tho chuck bedy rotates the scr I pleke and
Re chuck ‘a fact to opera. 4
i —— ER SRNSAQT
—TJaws ara moved seperately 5 ench bela scvaw .
Com grip olmest any shape of) 7b a
— Gyn be adjusted 4to tun os frog, ossdesived.
“but chuck ‘nv Sloan. -
Combination chuck
y00s
— {Can move toyether “omg oa! sev plate
ov
~ adjusted seperately. !
S
Scanned with CamScanner
MAT BW y
Ba Soe gover a :
a ar ia - oe
ne cate? et an 2
“Ora aduated ,
pred to bd ofr of iraqi Shapes Ze oy
et “f Slip jaws added to te perma + aus
Bg do —
pas and Avolic. operated chucls chucks
e- qyride
es = Grip We work strongly
+ @eenowical for production
asd one | oe aera pon-
fei,
Drill Chuck —7 2% fees qtip_ PUT BS
Mey be used on cither the head
tail stock Spindle to hold ste
Taamars, dmpe ev Smallcliamstar af hoes
—Taus of He chill chuck ore undged | een.
of the shall to grip ~ piece. ;
: Fig: -@ one es
pockgieee ag dia wre (EC TH OR, so oot ee
chuoak fec3s @w ee worlipiece w dvi TAC
poh fey qe seal
4 as 1 OE dal chu, fe
or ete Cay oH BW Thee Ja ool comfercity
chuck gee seal SE Semel eet Eye il
bch a SS chk BHO dy de\\ chuck ACS WT AL Cte (
ae ere -
P 5 EE HORT RL Ge
Gllets Cebvels) aio eae. Br | S
-A collet i ao thin steal or brass Bushing} with length.
"= tShen Ub is forcad into the taparad
Chuck, Hoa collet th sprung tegetner
a we ssacuraly and ace wrataly
of a collet
ay to grP
Centers —> chilsteck f heabstock RY ae
=A lathe cantar has G0? included angle
and a sticking tepar at the other endl
wechine spindle. conft arcing
cath STEEN peers fe:
Doge CS |
= deg plata om the spindle nose is ste n Aig: .--
—Afoce plata it larger Rom a do and hag
"Onambar af radial slits for bel. |
= THK Pieces are belted onthe front f He face
Plate .
< 4
Scanned with CamScanner ~ eorerage At TATE followers
Hage
ears rove
Ef exrca
iS e relay
2 atcloon hel cross faad Seva.
pests 2 siwunltenacus kee - ind
; i
4 her t
a would offey-uisa deflect toom
A fallwusoer gest 4 fastened te
2B uk Re canine. with shoes Heat :
eh ok He culting teat pen
eae i Rest sHdewsays |
TE = A ead |e
Attachments t {_ —— —————
—ATapan can be ochiavad y Aifte tf athachments.
D offsatting Ha tall stock
— Fig: 102
— Xaper angle hy Swoll.
@ Seibvelling Hes swievel plile =
SL shock internal ond ovtar tapers
" = Cross slide Seow ow tha 4
ae
Scanned with CamScanner Fig. 18-4. A modern 20 in, completely geared engine lathe, (Cour-
tesy ‘The Monarch Machine Tool Co.)
=~ nouusTMENT
OEE
= SPINDLE === FEED
EVOLVES 7 SPINDLE SPEED yp | Go
TeOLPOsT :
‘CARRIAGE (SADDLE)
CROSS-SLIDE
SPINDLE DOES a
nor revove
Tausto¢
I FEED CHANGE
GEAR BOX
‘compouno
Rest. AND
‘ ‘SLIDE
iswivers) CR,
soni seo —/
Cc
\neare motion CA '
Fig. 18-8, \ diagram of the principal parts ane movements of « lathe.
‘Scanned with CamScanner gant bok —> Spindle cpeed “Bate aa
Feed goore box —> culling “ool
4G goon. gt > Thread pars neh , — Sandor piich Fay aksita (ood goon box G8 ore train dosiqn wal Qt + Slandard broadoo? gt WLLL Bo eq: 7 WMA, pe z ee a Fig. 6.16, Mandrels: (a) conical mandrel; (b) expanding mandrel 7 Nandvass: chuak FX Saar external turning IY ST workpizee Aterning wa AR ate fees chuck ES grip WET BH) UT GO stay inferno, grip MAGS Wt WH HR Get comleal shel} fer GA strong grip oe CRA workpiece Gq centre hele Umer, OTRS inher Nally shaft — faey Qe eg adtermal meclining TT Be SIM clement mondial EH 1 Scanned with CamScanner REST hafls tend to vibrate when culs are tier marks. Even light finish cuts will ter when the shaft is long ard slen- Ger. To help eliminate these problems, wse a steady rest to support workpieces that extend from a chuck more than four or five diameters of the workpiece for turning, facing, dling, and boring operations ‘The steady rest (Figure 1) is made of a cast iron or que STEADY gaa kate, tong 3 nade, leaving cha often produce chal Tigare 1. The parts of the steady rest (Lane Community Ae ‘Migare 2. A long, denier sorkpie (eg br sir vie mito ‘Community College). ane SECTION H TURNING MACHINES steel frame that is hinged so it will open to accommo date workpieces. It has three or more adjustable jaws that are tipped with bronze, plastic, or ball bearing roll rs, The base of the frame is machined to fit he ways of the lathe and it i clamped to the bed by means of a bolt and crossbar. ‘A steady rest is also used to support long work= pieces for various other machining operations such as threading, grooving, and knurling (Figure 2). Heavy cuts ‘can be macle by using one or more steady rests along a shaft Adjusting tho Steady Rest Workpieces should be mounted and centeredin a chuck Mihether a tailstock center is used or not. Ifthe shaft has enters and finished surfaces that turn concentric (have ceriroul) with the lathe centerline, setup of the steady rer is simple. The steady rest is sid to a convenien’ iesttion on the shaft, which is supported in the dead toc and chuck, and the base is clamped to the bed ‘The two lower jaws are brought up to the shaft finget tight only (Figure 3). A good high pressure lubricant is Sppfied to the shaft and the top half of the steady «st a reiced and clamped. The upper jaw.|s brought to the Shalt finger tight, and then all three lockscrews are tight- ned. Some clearance is necessary on the upper jaw to void scoring of the shaft. As the shaft warms or heats tp from friction during machining, readjustment of the upper jaw is necessary. "Afinished workpiece can be scored if any hardness cr grit is present on the jaws. To protect finishes, brass for copper sttips or abrasive cloth is often placed F between the jaws and the workpiece; with the abrasive loth, the abrasive side is placed outward against the jaws. Figure 3. Adjusting the steady rest jaws toa centered shaft (lane Community College). Scanned with CamScanner 475 UNIT 14 USING STEADY AND FOLLOWER RESTS IN THE LATHE if al % Be Figure 9. A follower rest is used to turn this long shaft der Acme threaded screw heing (Lane Community College) 2 follower rest (Lane Community College), a ’ Figure 12. oth steady and follower rests being used (Lane Figure 10.’ Adjusting the follower rest (Lane Community Community College) ease . cnxerdage TWve TI follower. rest a Workpiece atatl Sr ot MT “he Gty_ inshanfanzous wes 2 wet 1 calor HT duis ew aN che ge Wh Slay 2 ee ‘a 1 SoS mater Jal ago cubting free 8 TAY nastricl{ resis canned wit ‘Scanner {a defteetion xp ae a nee TA ‘TUP FOR TURNING BETWEEN CENTERS © turn a workpiece between centers, itis supported between the dead center (talstock center) and the live Senter in the spindle nose. A lathe dog (Figure 1) clamped to the workpiece is driven by a drive or dog plate (Figure 2) mounted on the spindle nose. Machining With a single point tool can be done anywhere on the workpiece except near oF at the locaton of the lathe dog, Turning between centers has sorive disadvantages. A workpiece cannot be cut off with a parting tool while being supported between centers as this will bind and break the parting tool and ruin the workpiece. For dril- ing. boring, or machining the end of a long shaft, a ‘steady rest is normally used to support the work. But these operations cannot very well be cone when the shait is supported only by centers The advantages of turning between centers are ee? Figure 2, Dog pla ney, Ohio) & Spindle GIG base plate Bowe! fg iis. te oF drive plate on spindle nose of the lathe (Courtesy of the Monarch Machine Tool Company, Si UNIT 7 TURNING BETWEEN CENTERS many. A shaft between centers can be turned end for end to continue machining without eccentricity if the centers are in line (Figure 3). This is why shafts thal are to be subsequently finish-ground between centers must be machined between centers on a lathe. If a partially threaded part is removed from between centers for ; checking, and everything is left the same on the lathe, i the part can be returned to the lathe, and the threading resumed where it was left off A considerable amount of straight turning on shafts is done with the work held between a chuck and the tailstock center (Figure 4). The advantages of this method are quick setup and a positive drive. One dis~ advantage is that eccentricities in the shaft are causec! by inaccuracies in the chuck jaws. Another is the tendency, for the workpiece to slip endwise into the chuck jaws under a heavy cut, thus allowing the workpiece to loosen or ta come out of the tailstock center. As in other lathe operations, chip formation and handiing are important to safety. Coarser feeds, deeper cuts, and smaller rake angles all tend to increase chip cutl, which breaks up the chip into small, safe pieces Fine feeds and shallow cuts, on the other hand, produce a tangle of wiry, sharp hazardous chips (Figures 5a and 50) even with a chip breaker on the tool. Long strings ‘may come aff the tool, suddenly wrap in the work and _ Figure 3. Eccentricity in the center of the patt because of the live center being off center. 3 eS Figure 4. Work being machined between chuck stock center. Note chip formation. Chip guard has. be removed for clarity (Lane Community College). WIG, base pote gam deq AM AUK Kia if . ale Scanned with CamSeanner Jape ah MN Ppee tokaing method 4 © a” . meas , ilsteck 1) Afscting the tollstock (lest Hon) rd ea ) swsivelling She compound rash: — swives plate Its company, pest @ Swivel TA BW « ") Pope turing abtadholfachmert— ") Woo font welhod . 2 7 rf doula food fo! loegbudival de (F TO 'e LET | Oe oo pe (ae 3A gene :You might also like
