ANSWERS AND EXPLANATIONS: PROBLEM SET 6

Easy
1. B

The question asks for the sale price of a TV. The numbers are too awkward to plug in, so
do it the old-fashioned way: 15% of $420 is 0.15 × 420 = 63, so 420 – 63 = 357. Use your
calculator as needed. The correct answer is (B).

2. C

The question asks for the decimal result of the sum of fractions. Take the pieces one at a

time and eliminate. The first piece is 70. The second piece is , or 0.7. Eliminate (A).

The last piece is , or 0.003. Eliminate (B) and (D). The correct answer is (C).

3. C

The question asks for the value of n. Translate the problem into math language: n =

. Then, don’t forget PEMDAS: multiply before you add. n =

. The correct answer is (C).

Medium
4. D

The question asks for the number of minutes it takes Stuart to walk to school. There are

numbers in the answer choices, so use PITA. Start with (B) and assume it takes Stuart 24

minutes to walk to the bus stop. If it takes of 24 to walk to the movies, that’s 8 minutes.

If it takes him half of that time to walk to school, of 8 is 4. This question requires close

reading more than anything else. The correct answer is (D).

5. D

The question asks for the value of x in a fractional expression. Plugging In the Answers

wouldn’t be a bad idea here—you can eliminate (A) and (B) pretty quickly that way.

Choice (C) is = 2. Choice (D) is = 4. The correct answer is (D).

6. C

The question asks for the value of y% of x. There are variables in the question, so plug in
10 for y, which makes x = 100. Plug those numbers into the second part: 100% of 10 = 10.
The correct answer is (C).

Alternatively, translate. The sentence x% of y is 10 translates to . This

simplifies to . The expression y% of x translates to . This simplifies to

, which equals 10.

7. A

The question asks for the percent of drink mix in a mixture. First, make a little chart: If
you double the water and quadruple the mix, you get

water mix
4 : 1
8 : 4

Reread the question. It asks for the percentage of the new mixture that’s drink mix.

You’ve got , which equals , or 33 . The correct answer is (A).

If you made it almost to the end but picked (B), don’t forget that you have to express the

mix as a percentage of the total, not a percentage of the water.

8. C

The question asks how many seconds of Brian’s exercise session were spent doing sit-ups.

The session lasted 12 minutes, so 35% of 12 minutes is minutes. However,

the question asks for seconds, so (A) is a trap. To find the number of seconds, set up the

proportion . Cross-multiply to get x = 252. The correct answer is (C).

Hard
9. B

The question asks for the product of all numbers that are elements of set A or B. Read this

carefully. Set A has different fractions, each with a numerator of 1. (You might as well
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write them down like that and fill in the denominators when you get there.) The
 denominators are between 1 and 8. That gives you Set A: . Set B has the

reciprocals of the members of Set A with odd denominators, so Set B: , , . Now

multiply all the elements together—see how the fractions that have reciprocals cancel

each other out? You’re left with , which is . The correct answer is (B).

10. D

The question asks for the values of x that will make a function undefined. The function
will not be defined when the denominator is equal to 0. If you don’t want to analyze the
denominator to determine when it would equal 0, you can use PITA. Even though the
answers are not in ascending or descending order, you can still start with (C). If you plug
3 into the denominator, you do not get zero, so eliminate anything with a 3: (B) and (C).
Notice that both of the remaining answers have 7, so there’s no need to test it. Try 1 in
(D). You get 0, so eliminate (A). The correct answer is (D).

11. A

The question asks for a possible value of a + b. First, translate the middle part of the

problem into an equation. 10% of abc is 5 translates to . Now solve

for abc and get abc = 50. Reread the question. Each variable is different, each is positive,

and multiplied together they produce 50. Now use PITA, remembering that the answers

represent a + b. In (A), a + b would have to be 1 + 2. If a = 1 and b = 2 and abc = 50, what

is c? c = 25, so it works. The correct answer is (A).

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