Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lea 1 6
Lea 1 6
Lea 1 6
ORGANIZATION:
- consist of:
a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
1) provincial governors
2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College
f) Philippine National Police
g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
- the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
- headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the President
- the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2) Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
- Undersecretary for Local Government
- Undersecretary for Peace and Order
- No retired or resigned military officer or police official may be appointed as Secretary within one (1) year from date of
retirement or resignation
- the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission
- refer to the organizational chart of DILG
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general supervision over local governments;
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and other issuances on the general supervision
over local governments and on public order and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuances implementing laws on public order and
safety, the general supervision over local governments and the promotion of local autonomy and community
empowerment and monitor compliance thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement and public safety; Establish and
prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order, ensure public safety and further
strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local government offices and personnel;
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet local emergencies arising from natural and man- made
disasters; Establish a system of coordination and cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and the Department,
to ensure effective and efficient delivery of basic services to the public;
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the performance of police functions, a police force that is national in scope and
civilian in character.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) was in charge with external security while the DILG was in
charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines is now in charge with both internal and external security with the
PNP as support through information gathering and performance of ordinary police functions
B. NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and operational supervision over the PNP
COMPOSITION:
- consist of a Chairperson, four (4) regular Commissioners and the Chief of PNP as ex officio member
- shall serve a term of office of six (6) years without reappointment or extension
- three of the four regular commissioners shall come from civilian sector and not former members of the police or
military
- the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the law enforcement sector either active or retired
- at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners shall be a woman
- from among the three regular commissioners from the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be chosen
- the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive Officer of the Commission
- refer to the organizational structure of the NAPOLCOM
QUALIFICATIONS OF THE REGULAR COMMISSIONERS
- citizens of the Philippines
- lawyers with at least five (5) years experience in handling criminal or human rights cases; or
- holders of a master’s degree in public administration, sociology, criminology, criminal justice, law enforcement and
other related disciplines
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- composed of:
a) Commission Proper
b) Staff Services
1) Planning and Research
2) Legal Affairs
3) Crime Prevention and Coordination
4) Personnel and Administrative Service
5) Inspection, Monitoring and Investigation
6) Installations and Logistics
7) Financial Service
PHASE I – Planning the Collection Effort – it involves the determination of the requirements of intelligence operation
1. Determination of Requirements
a. Enemy capabilities, including time, place, strength, or other details
b. Enemy vulnerabilities, including nature, extent, performance and other details
c. Enemy order of battle and factors
d. Terrain, including natural and artificial obstacles
e. Weather
f. Information desired by higher, lower or adjacent headquarters
D – Not Usually Reliable 4 – Doubtfully True W-Interrogation of a captured enemy agent or foreigner
Principles of Intelligence
1. Intelligence operations and tactical operations are interdependent – separate and distinct activities but complement
each other. An intelligence operation is an integral part of the operation of all units. Success of the mission is dependent
on the quality and effectiveness of intelligence.
2. Intelligence requires continuous security measures – Security measures are necessary to insure that unauthorized
personnel are denied information about operation and intelligence product.
3. Intelligence must be useful – It must serve the commander’s need and requirements.
4. Intelligence must be timely – It must reach the user on time to serve as basis for appropriate action. Best intelligence
is worthless if it does not reach the user in time for appropriate consideration or action.
5. Intelligence must be flexible – Intelligence operation is based on reason and sound judgment and procedures must
adapt to given situations.
6. Intelligence requires imagination and foresight – Agents must be given the leeway to be resourceful to obtain more
than what is normally acquired.
7. Intelligence is continuous – All intelligence activities follow a simple continuous cycle. At the same time that new
information is being collected in response to direction, other information is being processed and intelligence is being
used.
Broad Categories of Intelligence
1. National Intelligence – integrated product of intelligence developed by all government departments concerning the
broad aspect of national policy and national security.
a. National Policy – specific courses of action to achieve the national objectives.
b. National Security – this relate to the protection and preservation of military, economic and a productive
strength of a country including the security of the government and domestics and foreign affairs against espionage,
sabotage and subversion.
2. Department of Intelligence – the intelligence required by department or agencies of the government to execute its
mission and discharge its responsibilities.
3. Military Intelligence – used in the preparation and execution of tactical plans.
Fields of Police Intelligence
1. Strategic Intelligence – knowledge pertaining to the capabilities and vulnerabilities of a foreign nation, which is
required by the National Planners for the formulation of an adequate National Defense in peace and forms the basis for,
projected military operations in time of war.
Components of Strategic Intelligence
a. Political Intelligence – deals with Domestic and Foreign affairs and relation of government operations;
1. Basic Principles of the Government
2. Government Structures
3. Public Order and Safety
4. Subversion
5. Intelligence and Security Organization
b. Economic Intelligence – deals with the extent and utilization of Natural and Human resources to the industrial
potential of the Nations.
c. Transportation and Telecommunication Intelligence – concerned with the operations and facilities not only the
Military but also the Civilians.
d. Sociological Intelligence – deals with the demographic and psychological aspects of groups of people.
1. Population and Manpower
2. Characteristics of the People
3. Public Opinion – attitudes of the majority of the people towards matters of public policy.
4. Education – based on literacy rate
e. Biographical Intelligence – deals with individual personalities who have actual possession of power.
f. Armed Forces Intelligence – deals with the armed forces of the Nation.
1. Position of the Armed Forces – constitutional and legal basis of its creation and actual role.
2. Organization and structure and territorial disposition
3. Military Manpower Recruitment
4. Order of Battle
g. Geographical Intelligence – deals with the natural as well as man-made features of the physical environment of man
considered from the point in view of military operations.
1. Location – military and economic importance
2. Size – measurement of which a nation can exchange space or time during war.
3. Shape
4. Weather and Climate
h. Scientific Intelligence – deals with the progress of the research and development as it affects the economic and
military potential of a nation.
2. Line Intelligence (Tactical and Combat) – is the intelligence required by the commander to provide for planning and
conduct of tactical operation.
- Knowledge of the People, Weather, Enemy, and Terrain (PWET) – used in planning and conducting tactical and
administrative operation in a counter insurgency.
What is the Intelligence Information to be Determined in Line Intelligence?
People
Living condition of the people sources of income education of the people government livelihood of the people extent of
enemy influence to the people
Weather
Visibility cloudy temperature precipitation (rain) wind
Enemy
Location of the enemy strength of the enemy disposition tactical capability enemy vulnerability
Terrain
Relief and drainage system vegetation surface material man-made features
Relationship between Strategic and Tactical Intelligence
- Both are concerned with significant information pertaining to actual or potential enemy operations/activities.
3. Counterintelligence – phase of intelligence covering the activity devoted in destroying the effectiveness of hostile
foreign activities and the protection of information against espionage, subversion and sabotage.
Three Activity of Counterintelligence
1. Protection of information against espionage
2. Protection of personnel against subversion
3. Protection of installations and materials against sabotage
Two General Types of Counterintelligence
1. Passive Measures – are those measures, which seek to conceal information from the enemy.
2. Active Measures – are those measures, which seek actively to block the enemies’ effort to gain information or engage
in espionage, subversion, and sabotage.
Five Categories of Counterintelligence Operation
1. Military Security – it encompasses the measures taken by a command to protect itself against espionage, enemy
operation, sabotage, subversion or surprise.
2. Port Frontier and Travel Security – has to do with the application of both military and civil security measures for
counterintelligence control at point of entry and departure, international borders and boundaries.
3. Civil Security – it encompasses active and passive counterintelligence measures affecting the non-military nationals
permanently or temporarily residing in an area under military jurisdiction.
4. Censorship – it is the control and examination of the following;
a. civil
b. national
c. armed forces
d. field press
e. POW
Counterintelligence Investigation – is an activity which constitute the value of the counterintelligence workload,
worldwide and includes specific investigation of individual and incidence, which for the most part is conducted in an
overt but discreet manner.
Three Categories of Counterintelligence Measures
1. Denial Measures – secrecy discipline, document security, camouflage and concealment, communication security,
military censorship, counter reconnaissance effort
2. Detection Measures – security tag or pass card, challenge or password, reconnaissance
3. Deception Measures – ruse – use of escape and evasion, dummy position, fabricated information
TRADECRAFT
- Is the method used in clandestine operations such as espionage. These are skills and techniques employed by
intelligence personnel in the conduct of intelligence missions.
- It pertains to the skills, innovation, flexibility and initiative on a chosen field of endeavor. In intelligence, it is what we
call the ability of doing things without considering theories or school solution.
- In short and simple Filipino term, it is what we call “DISKARTE”
COVER AND UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
Cover – the means by which an individual, group or organization conceals the true nature of its acts and/or existence
from the observer
Cover Story – a biographic account, true or fictitious that will portray the personality of the agent he assumed, a
scenario to cover up the operation.
TYPES OF COVER
1. Natural Cover – using actual or true background
2. Artificial Cover – cover using biographical data adopted for such purpose
3. Cover Within a Cover – use of secondary cover in case of compromise for justification of existence
4. Multiple Cover – any cover wished
FUNCTIONS OF COVER
1. Offensive – gives access to the target and facilitates the achievement of clandestine objective
2. Defensive – serves to prevent detection
HAZARDS TO COVER
1. Static or Dormant Opposition
2. In hostile Active Opposition
3. Hostile Active Opposition
UNDERCOVER OPERATION – an investigative technique in which the agent conceal his official identity to obtain
information from the target organization.
TYPES OF UNDERCOVER ASSIGNMENT
1. Dwelling – one in which the agent establishes residence in or near the dwelling which houses the subject
2. Work Assignment – places the undercover agent in a type of employment where he can observe the activities of the
target
3. Social Assignment – requires to frequent places of entertainment and amusement known to be habitually visited by
the target
4. Multiple Assignment – agent is given the task of covering two or more of the above specific assignments
simultaneously
5. Personal Contact Assignment or Rope Job – agent is required to develop friendship and trust with the target for
purposes of obtaining information or evidence
METHODS OF UNDERCOVER OPERATIONS
1. Direct – employment and utilization of special agents
2. Indirect – employment and utilization of controlled informants
SELCTING ACTION AGENTS
1. Placement – location of prospective agent with respect to the target
2. Access – the capability of a prospective agent to obtain the desired information
TYPES OF ACCESS
1. Primary Access – the physical access to the desired information
2. Secondary Access – the access to the desired information through a principal source where the agent has direct
access
3. Outside Access – agent employed outside target and merely monitor information from a third person who is
monitoring info in the area
CONTROL – is the authority to direct the agent to carry out task or requirement on behalf of the clandestine
organization in an acceptable manner and security
TWO CATEGORIES OF CONTROL
1. Positive Control – characterized by professionalism and rapport like agent motivation or psychological control
2. Negative Control – characterized by threat which includes:
a. Disciplinary Action – includes verbal reprimand for poor performance or insecure actions of withholding certain
rewards, reduction of agents, salary or threat of terminating professional relationship
b. Escrow Account – control of agent by putting his salary in a bank to be withdrawn only after a fulfillment of a
condition
c. Blackmail
PROCURING DIFFERENT TYPES OF AGENT
1. Agent in Place – agent who has been recruited by an intelligence service within a highly sensitive target, who is just
beginning a career or have been long or insider
2. Double Agent – an enemy agent who has been captured, turned around as an agent of his captor
3. Expandable agent – agent whom false information is leaked to the enemy
4. Penetration Agent – agent who reached the enemy gets information and manage to get back alive
5. Agent of Influence – agent who uses influence to gain information
6. Agent of Provocation – agent who provoke the enemy to get information
SURVEILLANCE
It is a form of clandestine investigation which consists of keeping persons, place or other targets under physical
observation in order to obtain evidence or information pertinent to an investigation
Surveillant – person conducting the surveillance
Subject – a party under observation or surveillance
Stakeout – the surveillant remains in one or fixed position or locale. Also called Plant or Fixed Surveillance
Convoy – a countermeasure to detect or elude surveillance
Decoy – a cover supporting the surveillant who can become a convoy whenever surveillance is burned out
Drop – any convenient, secure and unsuspecting place where police undercover man meet his action agent for
debriefing or reporting purposes
Contact – any person whom the subject picks or deals with while he is under observation and identifies the observer
Mustard plaster – the subject is followed so closely that surveillant and subject are almost in lock step.. It is tantamount
to protective custody
Tailgating – open surveillance in which the subject’s vehicle is closely followed
Tailing or Shadowing – surveillance of person
Casing or Reconnaissance – surveillance of place
Roping – surveillance of events, activities or other things
TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
A. According to Intensity and Sensitivity
1. Covert or Discreet – a cautious surveillance in which the subject is unaware that he is being followed or observed
2. Open / Overt or Rough – a surveillance with little or no attempt of concealment. The subject is most likely aware that
he is followed.
3. Close or Tight – the subject is kept under constant surveillance. The aim is not to lose the subject even at the risk of
being detected.
B. According to Methods
1. Stationary – the surveillant is in fixed position
2. Moving – the surveillant follow the subject from place to place to maintain continuous watch
3. Technical – surveillance with the use of electronic gadgets, equipment or systems
CASING OR RECONNAISANCE
Casing is the term used in the police organization while reconnaissance is the term used in the military.
It is the visual inspection of an area, installation or building to determine its suitability for operational activities.
TWO TYPES OF CASING
1. Exterior Casing – observation of the whole area, building or installation, possible exits and approaches and the types
of vicinity.
2. Interior – close observation of the layout of the building. Includes items that can be observed in a building which are
of intelligence value.
Methods of Casing
1. Personal Reconnaissance – the most effective method and will produce the most information
2. Map Reconnaissance – it may not be sufficient but may produce a certain amount of information
3. Research – sometimes additional info can be gathered through research
4. Prior Information – information from records of file
5. Hearsay – info usually gains by operating personnel
METHODS OF SURVEILLANCE
1. One man –extremely difficult and should be avoided, if unavoidable keep subject in view at all times.
2. Two man – two agents are employed to follow the subject.
3. ABC method – reduces the risk of losing the subject, affords greater security agents detection.
4. Progressive/Leapfrog method – poor chances of obtaining good results, agents are stations at a fixed point assuming
that the subject followed the same general route each day.
5. Combined foot-auto surveillance – employment of surveillants on foot and agents in an automobile.
OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION (ODEX)
Observation and Description (ODEX) is an essential tradecraft skill which is valuable in varied operational aspects
such as casing, surveillance, spotting amongst others.
ODEX is not limited to identifying persons or places, but also things and events that transpires in real time and
the ability to recall such events.
OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION
Observation – encompasses the use of all the major senses to register and recognize the significance of given operation
Description – actual and factual reporting of one’s observation
85% of knowledge gathered through sight
13% gathered through hearing
2% gathered through three other senses
INTERVIEW
The method of obtaining information from another person who is aware that he/she is giving wanted
information, although he/she may be ignorant of the true connection and purposes of the interview.
ELICITATION
A system in which information of value is obtained through the process of direct communication in which one or
more of the parties is unaware of the specific purpose of the conversation.
ORDER OF BATTLE INTELLIGENCE (ORBAT)
It is the identification of strength, command structure and disposition of the personnel, units and equipment of
any threat force.
PHYSICAL SECURITY
The system of placing barrier between the potential intruder and the material being protected
COMMUNICATION SECURITY
The protection resulting from the application of measures to deny unauthorized persons from gaining access
from information of value.
DOCUMENT SECURITY – Document is any recorded information regardless of its physical form or characteristics.
Classified Matter – information or matter in any form or nature, the safeguarding of which is necessary in the interest of
national security.
Compromise – lose of security resulting to unauthorized person obtaining knowledge on classified matter
Classify – the assigning of information or material to one or of the four security classification categories.
Upgrading – the changing of classified matter to a category higher than the previously assigned to it
Reclassify – act of changing the assigned classification of a document or material
Declassify – removal of the security classification from document or material.
CATEGORIES OF CLASSIFIED MATTERS
1. Top Secret Document – record containing information and material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would
cause exceptionally grave damage to the nation, politically, economically or from the point of national security. This
category is reserved for the nation’s closest secrets and is to be used with great reserve. It is covered with legal size
bond paper lined with a 1/2-inch green border.
2. Secret Document – record containing information or material, the unauthorized disclosure of which would endanger
national security, cause serious injury to the interest and prestige of the nation or any governmental activity or would be
of great advantage to other nation. It is covered with legal size bond paper lined with a ½-inch red border.
3. Confidential Document – containing information or materials, the unauthorized disclosure of which would be
prejudicial to the interest or prestige of the nation or any government activity or would cause administrative
embarrassment or unwarranted injury to the honor and dignity of an individual or would be of advantage to foreign
nation. Covered with legal size bond paper lined with a ½-inch blue border.
4. Restricted Record – Information and material which requires special protection other than that determined to be top
secret, secret or confidential. Cover sheet is not necessary, what is important is a bold RESTRICTED word at the top and
at the bottom of the bond paper.
PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION
It is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion and loyalty of an individual in order to determine a
person’s suitability or access to classified matters prior to the granting of security clearance
TYPES OF PERSONNEL SECURITY INVESTIGATION
1. National Agency Check (NAC) – investigation of an individual made on the basis of written information supplied buy
him in response to an official inquiry. It is simply a check no the files and records of national agencies
2. Local Agency Check (LAC) – inquiry sent to local government agencies, former employers, character references and
schools where the subject attended.
3. Background Investigation – more comprehensive that LAC or NAC.
TWO TYPES OF B.I.
1. Complete Background Investigation (CBI) – it consists of the thorough and complete investigation of the background
of the subject including all the circumstances of his life.
2. Partial Background Investigation (PBI) – investigation of the background of the subject but limited only to
circumstances of his personal life which are deemed pertinent to an investigation.
Security Clearance – administrative determination from a security standpoint that an individual is eligible for access to
classified matter
TYPES OF CLEARANCE
1. Security Clearance – a certification issued by the proper authority that the person described has an access to
classified matter at the appropriate level.
2. Directed Clearance – a clearance granted for a specific purpose upon completion of prescribed records check or
background check
CRYPTOGRAPHY – the art and science of code and ciphers. It is done through the use of telephone scrambler or
technically speaking, Speech Inverter where speech frequencies are divided to produce a scrambling speech when
intercepted.
Cryptographer – person skilled in converting messages from clear to unintelligible forms by the use of codes and
ciphers. Also known as Coder, Encrypter or Code Clerk.
Crypto-Analyst – one who break intercepted codes
Coding – changing of message from plain clear text to unintelligible form. Also known as Encrypting.
Decoding – transforming of coded message into plain text. Also known as Decrypting.
LEA 5: POLICE PERSONNEL AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Management pertains to the utilization of available resources in an organization to achieve its organizational
objectives. It also refers to the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in
order to achieve a desired goal. It is concerned in placing the right people on the right job and in maintaining a satisfied
work force.
ELEMENTS OF MANAGEMENT
1. Authority – is the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. A particular position within an organization carries the same regardless of who
occupies that position.
SOURCES OF MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
1. Law
2. Tradition
3. Delegation
2. Responsibility – means that the management shall be held accountable for whatever result that may arise in the
exercise of authority. Thus, responsibility limits the exercise of one’s authority.
Command Responsibility - is the doctrine that imposes commensurate accountability to one who is vested with
management and leadership functions.
ADMINISTRATION
is an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating
efficiency? It connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making and maintenance
of the internal status quo.
MANAGEMENT OR ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
1. PLANNING - refers to the determination in advance of how the objectives of the organization will be attained.
2. ORGANIZING - involves the determination and allocation of the men and women as well as the resource of an
organization to achieve pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization.
3. DIRECTING - involves the overseeing and supervising of the human resources and the various activities in an
organization to achieve through cooperative efforts the pre-determined goals or objectives of the organization.
4. STAFFING - the task of providing competent men to do the job and choosing the right men for the right job. It involves
good selection and processing of reliable and well-trained personnel.
5. CONTROLLING - involves the checking or evaluation and measurement of work performance and comparing it with
planned goals or objectives of the organization, and making the necessary corrective actions so that work is
accomplished as planned.
6. REPORTING - the making of detailed account of activities, work progress, investigations and unusual in order to keep
everyone informed or what is going on.
7. BUDGETING - the forecasting in detail of the results of an officially recognized program of operations based on the
highest reasonable expectations of operating efficiency.
Scientific Management
- proposed by Frederick Taylor (the “Father of Scientific Management).
Under this theory, workers are motivated by economic rewards and that if they are paid commensurate to work being
done, they produce maximum amount of work. This management theory entails that good salary and incentives must
be given to workers to ensure their hard work, innovative action and good will.
THEORY X AND Y
This behavioral science approach was introduced by D. McGregor. Theory X assumes that people have little
ambition, dislike work, and must be coerced in order to perform satisfactorily. Theory Y assumes that people do not
inherently dislike work and if properly rewarded, people will perform well on the job.
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Personnel Management is that part of management process which is primary concerned with the human
constituents of an organization.
It also refers to that specialized branch of management which is concerned with solving the human problems of an
organization intelligently and equitably in a manner that not only the employee potentials are developed but maximum
satisfaction is also achieved by the individual, the group and the executives or managers and the goals of the
organization are accomplished to the fullest possible extend.
POLICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
- the art of preparing, organizing and directing the efforts of members of a police force in order that they may
achieve the accomplishment of the police purpose. The primary objective of an effective police personnel management
is the establishment and maintenance for the public service of a competent and well-trained police force.
FUNCTIONS OF POLICE PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
1. Police Personnel Planning – study of the labor supply of jobs which are composed of the demands for employees in
an organization to determine future personnel requirements which either increase or decrease.
2. Police Recruitment – is the process of encouraging police applicant form outside an organization to seek employment
in an organization. It consists of developing a recruitment plan, recruitment strategy and maintaining a list of qualified
applicants.
3. Police Screening/Selection – the process of determining the most qualified police applicant for a given position in the
police organization.
4. Police Placement – the process of making police officers adjusted and knowledgeable in a new job and/or working
environment.
5. Police Training and Development – refers to any method used to improve the attitude, knowledge and skill or
behavior pattern of an employee for adequate performance of a given job.
6. Police Appraisal – process of measuring the performance of people in achieving goals and objectives. Also known as
Performance Evaluation System
7. Police Compensation – constitute the largest single expenditure for most organizations
RECRUITMENT
the process of attracting candidates who have minimum qualifications to be eligible for selection procedure. It is
the process of searching the candidates for employment and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the
organization.
SELECTION
the process of screening out or eliminating undesirable applicants who do not meet the organization’s criteria.
In the Philippine National Police, the recruitment and selection of applicants who will be appointed to the police service
is the responsibility of the Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM). DPRM is tasked in the
management of PNP uniformed and non-uniformed personnel as individuals, manpower procurement and control and
in the records management of the organization.
GENERAL QUALIFICATIONS FOR APPOINTMENT TO THE PNP (R.A. 6975, as amended by R.A. 8551 and R.A. 9708)
No person shall be appointed as officer and member of the Philippine National Police unless he or she possesses
the following minimum qualifications:
a. A citizen of the Philippines;
b. A person of good moral conduct;
c. Must have passed the psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical tests to be administered by the PNP or by any
NAPOLCOM accredited government hospital for the purpose of determining physical and mental health;
d. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from a recognized institution of learning;
e. Must be eligible in accordance with the standards set by the Commission;
f. Must not have been dishonorably discharged from military employment or dismissed for cause from any civilian
position in the Government;
g. Must not have been convicted by final judgment of an offense or crime involving moral turpitude;
h. Must be at least one meter and sixty-two centimeters (1.62 m) in height for male and one meter and fifty-seven
(1.57 m) for female;
i. Must weigh not more or less than five kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight corresponding to his or her
height, age and sex; and
j. For a new applicant, must not be less than twenty-one (21) nor more than thirty (30) years of age
Pursuant to RA 9708, “…PNP members who are already in the service upon the effectivity of Republic Act No. 8551 shall
be given five (5) years to obtain the minimum educational qualification preferably in law enforcement related courses,
to be reckoned from the date of the effectivity of this amendatory Act: Provided, furthermore, That for concerned PNP
members rendering more than fifteen (15) years of service and who have exhibited exemplary performance as
determined by the Commission, shall no longer be required to comply with the aforementioned minimum educational
requirement.”
EXAMINATION AND ELIGIBILITY
The National Police Commission is vested with the authority to administer the entrance and promotional
examinations for members of the PNP on the basis of the standards set by the Commission.
The PNP entrance and promotional examinations are designed to measure the examinee’s mental capabilities, value
orientation, aptitude and fitness for initial appointment or for promotion. Applicants who pass these examinations are
granted the appropriate eligibilities.
These examinations are given twice a year and simultaneously conducted in the different examination venues
nationwide. The following are the examination categories with the corresponding rank examination coverage:
1. Police Entrance Examination – an examination taken by the applicants to the PNP.
2. Police Promotional Examination – an examination taken by the in-service police officers as part of the
mandatory requirements for promotion. They are the following:
a. Police Officer Examination
b. Senior Police Officer Examination
c. Inspector Examination
d. Superintendent Examination
Members of the Bar and Licensed Criminologists whose profession are germane to law enforcement and police functions
are no longer required to take promotional examinations up to the rank of Superintendent. (NAPOLCOM MC N0. 2008-
016).
Aside from the PNP entrance and promotional examinations, the Commission also administers the Police Executive
Service Eligibility (PESE) examination. Those who pass this examination are granted third level eligibility which is
appropriate for the ranks of Police Senior Superintendents and higher.
ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS
The appropriate eligibilities for Police Officer 1 are those acquired from the following: (NAPOLCOM MC No. 2008-003).
1). NAPOLCOM PNP Entrance Examination
2). R. A. 6506 (Licensed Criminologists)
3). R. A. 1080 (Bar and Board Examinations of baccalaureate degree)
4). P. D. 907 (Granting Civil Service Eligibility to College Honor Graduates)
5). Civil Service Professional Examination
DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2011-007)
The application folder of the applicant shall contain the following mandatory requirements:
a. Duly accomplished CSC Form 212;
b. Birth Certificate authenticated by the NSO;
c. Report of Rating of Eligibility authenticated by the issuing authority;
d. Two (2) pieces “2 X 2” black and white picture indicating the applicant’s name;
e. Transcript of Scholastic Records and diploma duly authenticated by the school registrar;
f. Clearance from the Barangay, Local Police Station, RTC/MTC and NBI;
g. Medical Certificate issued by the Local Health Officer;
h. Copy of two (2) valid ID’s with picture, signature and address; and
i. Certificate of Good Moral Character issued by the applicant’s college/university.
SCREENING COMMITTEE
- responsible for the widest dissemination of vacancies in their respective areas, the evaluation of the applicant’s
qualifications and the selection of the most qualified applicants to be recommended for appointment to the police
service.
- established at the NHQ, NSU’s and PRO’s.
NATIONAL SUPPORT UNIT (NSU) SCREENING COMMITTEE:
Chairman: Deputy Director for Administration of the respective National Support Unit/ the Deputy Director General
for Administration.
Vice Chairperson: Senior NAPOLCOM official with Salary Grade 24 or higher which shall be designated by the Vice
Chairperson and Executive Officer of the NAPOLCOM.
Members:
1. National Peace and Order Council (NPOC) member designated by the NPOC Chairman;
2. Private Sector representative designated by the NPOC Secretary General; and
3. Women’s representative from private sector with known probity designated by the NSU Director.
Secretariat: Assistant Director for Personnel and Records Management (ADPRM) / Human Resource Management
Officer (HRMO)
POLICE REGIONAL OFFICE (PRO) SCREENING COMMITTEE
Chairman: Deputy Regional Director for Administration
Vice Chairperson: Senior NAPOLCOM official with Salary Grade 24 or higher which shall be designated by the
NAPOLCOM Regional Director
Members:
1. Regional Peace and Order Council (RPOC) member designated by the RPOC Chairman;
2. Senior Regional DILG Officer designated by the DILG Regional Director;
3. Women’s representative from private sector with known probity designated by the PNP Regional Director.
Secretariat: Chief, Regional Personnel and Human Resource and Doctrine Development (RPHRDD)
PNP RECRUITMENT PROCEDURE (NAPOLCOM M.C. No. 2007-009)
1. Preparation and proper approval of quota allocation
The PNP shall prepare, through the Directorate for Personnel and Records Management (DPRM) and submit it to
the NAPOLCOM for approval of the PNP annual recruitment quota.
2. Posting and publication of Notice of Recruitment
The Notice of Recruitment shall include the following data for the information of prospective applicants:
1. quota for the city/municipal police station;
2. vacancies are open to both male and female applicant;
3. general qualification standards;
4. documentary requirements;
5. where to submit the application papers and documents;
6. deadline for submission; and
7. schedule of screening/evaluation.
3. Submission of the application folders
4. Selection and evaluation process by the PNP Screening Committee
A. Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE)
B. Complete Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE)
C. Physical Agility Test
D. Final Committee Interview
9. Certification by the NAPOLCOM and attestation by the Civil Service Commission
10. Issuance of appointment order and oath taking
The final evaluation includes the sequential conduct of the following examinations, test and interview:
1. Psychiatric/Psychological Examination (PPE) – to exclude applicants that may be suffering from any mental disorder.
It shall be administered to all applicants under the supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and NAPOLCOM
Representative.
NOTE: Only those applicants who passed the PPE shall proceed to the next stage, the Physical, Medical and Dental
Examination (PMDE).
2. Complete Physical, Medical and Dental Examination (PMDE) – this test shall determine whether or not the applicants
are in good health and free from any contagious diseases. It shall be conducted by the PNP Health Service under the
supervision of the PNP Medical Officer and NAPOLCOM Representative. Applicants who passed the PMDE shall be
indorsed for the conduct of the Physical Agility Test (PAT).
NOTE: Absolutely, there shall be no retake of the PMDE.
3. Physical Agility Test (PAT) – this test shall determine whether or not the applicant possesses the required
coordination, strength and speed of movement necessary in the police service. The PAT consists of the following:
Pull-up for Men; Horizontal Bar Hang for Women;
- Two (2) Minutes Push-ups;
- Two (2) Minutes Sit-ups;
- 100-meter dash; and
- 1000-meter run.
NOTE: Absolutely, there shall be no retake of the PAT. Applicants who passed the PAT shall be indorsed to the Screening
Committee through the Secretariat for the Final Interview Phase.
4. Final Committee Interview (FCI) – it shall determine the applicants’ aptitude to join the police service, likableness,
affability, outside interest, conversational ability, disagreeable mannerisms, etc. The Screening Committee en banc shall
interview the applicants who successfully passed through the sequential stages including the drug test and character
and background investigation.
Absolutely, no applicant shall be interviewed unless he/she passes through the sequential process and is
declared “Passed” in all the stages.
NOTE: The conduct of the Physical Agility Test (PAT) and Neuro-Psychiatric (NP) examination shall be simultaneous
nationwide to prevent a retake in another place of said tests by applicants who initially failed on the same.
Drug Test
The drug test (DT) shall not follow the sequential steps but shall be conducted on passers only any time after the PPE,
PMDE, or PAT but before the Final Committee Interview. It shall be administered by the PNP Crime Laboratory.
Character and Background Investigation (CBI)
The complete Character and Background Investigation (CBI) shall be conducted on all PPE passers and must be
completed before the start of the Final Committee Interview. The complete CBI shall determine their reputation and
possible involvement in any questionable or criminal activities or violent incidents.
APPOINTMENT OF UNIFORMED PNP PERSONNEL
PO1 TO SPO4 – appointed by the Regional Director for regional personnel or by the
Chief, PNP for the national headquarters
INSP TO SUPT – appointed by the Chief, PNP
SR SUPT TO DDG – appointed by the President upon recommendation of the Chief, PNP, subject to confirmation by the
Commission on Appointments
DIRECTOR GENERAL – appointed by the President from among the senior officers down to the rank of CSupt, subject to
the confirmation of the Commission on Appointments
KINDS OF APPOINTMENT
1. PERMANENT – when an applicant possesses the upgraded general qualifications for appointment in the PNP.
2. TEMPORARY – Any PNP personnel who is admitted due to the waiver of the educational or weight requirements. Any
member who will fail to satisfy any of the waived requirements with the specified time periods shall be dismissed from
the service.
Pursuant to NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009, a newly recruited PO1 shall be appointed in temporary
status in twelve (12) months pending compliance with the Field Training Program (FTP) involving actual experience and
assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation.
APPOINTMENT UNDER A WAIVER PROGRAM (NAPOLCOM MC No. 2013-004)
1). Conditions on waivers for initial appointment to the PNP
a. The age, height and weight for initial appointment to the PNP may be waived only when the number of qualified
applicants falls below the approved national/regional quota.
b. Waiver of the age requirement may be granted provided that the applicant shall not be less than twenty (20)
nor more than thirty-five (35) years of age. For purposes of this paragraph, one is considered to be not over
thirty-five (35) years old if he or she has not yet reached his or her thirty six (36th) birthday on the date of the
issuance of his or her appointment.
c. Waiver of the height requirement may be granted to a male applicant who is at least 1 meter and 57 cm (1.57m)
and to a female applicant who is at least 1 meter and 52cm (1.52m). Provided, that the minimum height
requirement for applicants who belong to indigenous group duly certified by the National Commission on
Muslim Filipinos (NCMF) or the National Commission on Indigenous People (NCIP) shall be 1.52m for male and
1.45m for female. Provided further, that the Commission shall require said applicants to submit appropriate
proof of their membership in a certain indigenous group.
d. An applicant who is granted a weight waiver shall be given reasonable time not exceeding six (6) months within
which to comply with the said requirement.
e. The grant of waiver is not a guarantee for appointment into the police service.
f. The PNP Screening Committee shall, through the Chief of the PNP, request the Commission to consider the
appointment of those applicants with a certification under oath that the qualified applicants, at the time the
applicant is being considered, fall below the office/unit quota concerned.
Factors to be Considered in the Grant of Waivers
a. Possession of special skills in evidence gathering and safekeeping, cybercrime investigation, detection and
prevention, crime scene investigation, martial arts, marksmanship and similar special skills;
b. Special talents in the field of sports, music or arts and culture;
c. Extensive experience or training in forensic science and other legal, medical and technical services; and
d. Outstanding academic records and extracurricular activities of applicant during his/her school days, good family
background in law enforcement or socio-civic activities, recognized social standing in the community, awards
and commendations received, which should indicate to the Commission En Banc that the applicant can become
a good member of the Philippine National Police
Selection Criteria under the waiver program
a. Applicants who possess the least disqualifications shall take precedence over those who possess more
disqualifications.
b. The requirement shall be waived in the following order:
1. Age
2. Height
3. Weight
NOTE: Use the acronym AHW (age, height and weight).
LATERAL ENTRY OF OFFICERS INTO THE PNP
1). In general, all original appointments of commissioned officers in the PNP shall commence with the rank of inspector,
to include all those with highly technical qualifications applying for the PNP technical services (R.A. 6975).
a). Senior Inspector
1). Chaplain;
2). Member of the Bar;
3). Doctor of Medicine
b). Inspector
1). Dentist
2) Optometrists
3) Nurses
4) Engineers
5) Graduates of forensic science
6) Graduates of Philippine National Police Academy
Licensed criminologists may be appointed to the rank of inspector to fill up any vacancy after promotions from the ranks
are completed.
New Policy on LATERAL ENTRY (NAPOLCOM M.C 2008-006)
a). A person with highly technical qualifications such as:
1). Dentist
2). Optometrist
3). Nurse
4) Engineer
5). Graduate of Forensic Science
6). Doctor of Medicine
7). Member of the Philippine Bar
8). Chaplain
9). Information Technologist
10). Pilot
11). Psychologist
b). Graduate of PNPA
c). Licensed Criminologist
Top priority consideration for lateral entry into the rank of Police Inspector shall be given to top ten (10) placers of the
different Licensure Examinations. However, incumbent PNP members who land in the top ten shall be given first
preference over the civilian provided that the qualifications are satisfied.
The maximum age of PNP members applicants through lateral entry shall be forty-six (46) years old at the time of
appointment. Age waivers shall not be allowed.
POLICE TRAINING
- is a means of providing knowledge and skill to police officers which are needed in the performance of their
functions. It is the objective of police training to bring the police force to the desired standards of discipline and
efficiency by making each police officer fully aware of his duties and responsibilities and by providing him with a working
knowledge of police procedures and techniques.
TYPES OF POLICE TRAINING PROGRAM
1. Basic Recruit Training – is the most basic of all police training. It is a pre-requisite for permanency of appointment and
is required for newly hired police officers. In the Philippine National Police, a newly appointed Police Officer 1 is required
to undergo a Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC) as a basic recruit training.
2. Field Training Program (FTP) – or on-the-job training is the process by which an individual police officer who is
recruited into the service receives formal instruction on the job for special and defined purpose and performs actual job
functions with periodic appraisal on his performance and progress.
As provided for under R.A. 8551, police officers are required to undergo a Field Training Program for twelve (12) months
(inclusive of the PSBRC) involving actual experience and assignment in patrol, traffic and investigation which is required
for permanency in the police service.
Pursuant to NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-009, a newly recruited PO1 shall be appointed in temporary
status in twelve (12) months pending compliance with the Field Training Program (FTP).
EXCEPTION FROM FIELD TRAINING PROGRAM
Under Section 33, R.A. 6975, PNPA Graduates shall be automatically appointed to the initial rank of Inspector via
Lateral Entry.
Taking into consideration that the PNPA Cadetship Program is a four-year course that includes academic
subjects on core police functions such as patrol, traffic and criminal investigation, and on-the-job training in urban and
rural areas, PNPA graduates are exempted to undergo the FTP and that they shall be issued with a permanent status.
3. In-Service Training Program – or refresher training program.
The following are examples of in-service training programs as mandatory requirement for promotion:
1. Junior Leadership Training – PO1 to PO3
2. Senior Leadership Training – SPO1 to SPO4
3. Police Basic Course (PBC) –for senior police officers
4. Officers Basic Course (OBC)– Inspectors to Chief Inspectors
5. Officers Advance Course (OAC) – for Chief Inspectors to Senior Superintendent
6. Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) – Superintendent and above
7. Directorial Staff Course (DSC) – for Directors and above
4. Departmental Training Program
a. Roll-Call Training – instructional courses of several hours a day concerning departmental activities
b. Supervisory Development, Specialized or Technical Training – seminars or special sessions on criminal
investigation, traffic, drug control, etc
c. Training conducted by other law enforcement units or agencies
POLICE ASSIGNMENT
Police assignment refers to the process of designation a police officer at a particular function, duty or
responsibility. The very purpose of police assignment is to ensure systematic and effective utilization of all the members
of the police force.
Police Officer 1s, specifically those who were recruited under the attrition recruitment program, after
undergoing the required Field Training Program (FTP), shall be assigned with the Regional/Provincial/City Public Safety
Battalion/Company of their place of recruitment for a maximum period of two (2) years.
After their assignment with the Regional/Provincial/City Public Safety Battalion/Company, they shall be
downloaded/assigned to their respective city/municipal police stations where they were recruited.
Upon assumption of duty, the Police Officer 1s shall pay a courtesy call to the city/municipal mayor who in turn shall
inform the Regional Director of the National Police Commission Regional Office. (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No.
2011-010)
THE PNP PROMOTION SYSTEM
Promotion is defined as the upward movement from one classification or rank to another carrying higher
benefits and more responsibility. It is the upgrading of ranks and/or advancement to a position of leadership.
KINDS OF PROMOTION
1. Regular Promotion
2. Special/ Meritorious/Spot Promotion
3. Promotion by virtue of position
A. Regular Promotion - promotion granted to police officers meeting the mandatory requirements for promotion.
MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR PROMOTION
1. Educational attainment (NAPOLCOM Resolution No. 2011-196 dated July 6, 2011)
For Police Sr. Supt. to Director General
a. Master’s in Public Safety Administration (MPSA)
b. Allied Master’s Degree
For Chief Inspector to Superintendent
a. Bachelor’s Degree preferably Master’s Degree
For POI to Sr. Inspector
a. Bachelor’s Degree
2. Completion of appropriate training/schooling, such as:
Officers Senior Executive Course (OSEC) / General Staff Course (GSC)
Officers Advance Course (OAC)
Officers Basic Course (OBC)
Officers Candidate Course (OCC)
Senior Leadership Course (SLC)
Junior Leadership Course (JLC)
Public Safety Basic Recruit Course (PSBRC)
3. Time-in Grade – the number of years required for a police officer to hold a certain rank before he can be promoted to
the next higher rank. The time-in grade in the PNP is maintained as follows (NAPOLCOM Resolution # 2013-501):
2 years – from Sr Supt to Chief Supt.
3 years – from Supt to Sr Supt
3 years – Chief Insp to Supt
3 years – Sr Insp to Chief Insp
3 years – Insp to Sr Insp
3 years – SPO4 to Insp
2 years – SPO3 to SPO4
2 years – SPO2 to SPO3
2 years – SPO1 to SPO2
3 years – PO3 to SPO1
2 year – PO2 to PO3
2 years – PO1 to PO2
4. Appropriate eligibility – the required promotional examinations
a. Police Officer Promotional Examination
b. Senior Police Officer Promotional Examination
c. Police Inspector Promotional Examination
d. Police Superintendent Promotional Examination
Except for the Chief, PNP, no PNP member who has less than one (1) year of service before reaching the compulsory
retirement age shall be promoted to a higher rank or appointed to any other position.
Pursuant to RA 9708, “…In addition, the institution of a criminal action or complaint against a police officer shall not be
a bar to promotion: Provided, however, That upon finding of probable cause, notwithstanding any challenge that may
be raised against that finding thereafter, the concerned police officer shall be ineligible for promotion: Provided, further,
That if the case remains unresolved after two (2) years from the aforementioned determination of probable cause, he
or she shall be considered for promotion. In the event he or she is held guilty of the crime by final judgment, said
promotion shall be recalled without prejudice to the imposition of the appropriate penalties under applicable laws, rules
and regulations:
-Provided, furthermore, That if the complaint filed against the police officer is for a crime including, but not
limited to, a violation of human rights, punishable by reclusion perpetua or life imprisonment, and the court has
determined that the evidence of guilt is strong, said police officer shall be completely ineligible for promotion during
the pendency of the said criminal case.”
B. Special Promotion – promotion granted to police officers who have exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and
gallantry at the risk of his/her life above and beyond the call of duty.
Conspicuous courage is a courage that is clearly distinguished above others in the performance of one’s duty.
ACTS OF CONSPICUOUS COURAGE AND GALLANTRY (NAPOLCOM Memorandum Circular No. 2007-003 and PNP
Memorandum Circular No. 2009-019)
1. A deed of personal bravery and self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty, so conspicuous as to distinguish the
act clearly over and above his/her comrades in the performance of more than ordinary hazardous service, such as; but
not limited to the following circumstances:
a. Overwhelming number of enemies and firepower capability as against the strength of PNP
operatives and their firepower capability;
b. Infiltration and penetration of the safehouses and hideouts of organized crime syndicates like
kidnapping, illegal drugs, carnapping, hijacking and terrorism;
c. Shoot-out in robbery/hold-up incidents inside public places such as: malls, government offices,
business establishments and PUVs;
d. Conduct of rescue/disaster operations that resulted in the saving of lives and properties.
2. An act of heroism exhibited in the face of an armed enemy or in the conduct of rescue/disaster operations resulting in
the loss of life (posthumous promotions).
Posthumous Award – in case an individual who distinguish himself dies before the granting of the awards.
C. PROMOTION BY VIRTUE OF POSITION
Any PNP personnel designated to any key position whose rank is lower than that which is required for such
position shall, after six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a rank adjustment corresponding to the
position.
Provided, that the personnel shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher rank until after two (2)
years from the date of such rank adjustment. (Section 32, R.A. 8551).
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
- refers to the process of measuring the performance of PNP members. It is also known as “performance
evaluation system”. The Performance Evaluation System in the PNP is focused on two (2) areas: administrative (40%)
and operational (60%). It is conducted every six (6) months or twice a year.
FREQUENCY OF RATING
The frequency of the individual performance shall be undertaken every six (6) months. Evaluation report
covering the period of January to June shall be submitted on the 1st week of July and the report from July to December
shall be submitted on the 1st week of January of the succeeding year.
PURPOSES OF PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
1. Serves as guide for promotion, salary increase, retirement and disciplinary actions.
2. Increases productivity and efficiency of police works
3. Assimilates supervision
4. Informs the officer of the quality of his work for improvements
POLICE COMPENSATION (WELFARE AND BENEFITS IN THE PNP)
The uniformed members of the PNP are considered employees of the National Government and shall draw their
salaries therefrom. The salary of a Police Officer 1 of the PNP is equivalent to a salary of a public-school teacher 1 with
salary grade scale of 10 under existing laws as of year 2012.
The PNP members assigned in Metropolitan Manila, chartered cities and first-class municipalities may be paid
financial incentive by the local government unit concerned subject to the availability of funds.
LONGEVITY PAY AND ALLOWANCES
A uniformed personnel of the PNP is entitled to a longevity pay of ten percent (10%) of basic monthly salaries for
every five (5) years of service, which is reckoned from the date of the personnel's original appointment in the AFP, or
appointment in the police, fire jail or other allied services to the integration of the PC and the INP.
The totality of such longevity pay should not exceed fifty percent (50%) of the basic pay. It should also continue
to enjoy the subsistence allowance, quarter’s allowance, clothing allowance cost of living allowance, hazard pay, and all
other allowances as provided by existing laws.
The total earnings of a police officer consist of the following:
1. Base pay;
2. Longevity pay;
3. Personnel Economic Relief Allowance (PERA);
4. Incentive pay;
5. Hazard pay;
6. Subsistence allowance;
7. Quarter allowance;
8. Additional compensation;
9. Clothing allowance;
10. Laundry allowance; and
11. Gratuity
PERMANENT PHYSICAL DISABILITY
Total Permanent Physical Disability refers to any impairment of the body which renders PNP member
indefinitely incapable of substantially performing the mandated duties and functions of his positions.
- entitled to one year's salary and to lifetime pension equivalent to eighty percent (80%) of his last salary, in
addition to other benefits as provided under existing laws.
RETIREMENT PROGRAM
Retirement is the separation of the police personnel from the service by reason of reaching the age of
retirement provided by law, or upon completion of certain number of years in active service
A PNP uniformed personnel shall retire to the next higher rank for purposes of retirement pay.
Active Service shall refer to services rendered as an officer and non-officer, cadet, trainee or draftee in the PNP.
TYPES OF RETIREMENT IN THE PNP
1. Compulsory retirement – separation from the PNP upon reaching the age of fifty-six (56), the compulsory age of
retirement.
2. Optional Retirement - separation from the PNP upon accumulation of at least twenty (20) years of satisfactory
active service.
RETIREMENT BENEFITS
The PNP member who has been retired from the service is entitled to a monthly retirement pay of fifty percent
(50%) of the base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by
two and one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service rendered beyond twenty (20) years to a maximum of
ninety percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of active service and over.
Part II
POLICE RECORDS MANAGEMENT
THE CONCEPT OF RECORDS MANAGEMENT
Records are the memory of the company or the organization. They are vital and considered the working tools in
decision-making for both administration and operation of business. No organization will exist without its records,
because it provides not only the history of the organization but also contains information necessary for future actions
and decisions on which the progress of the company or organization depends.
The PNP-DPRM by virtue of R.A. 6975 ensures the proper management and care of police records.
Record refers to the information whether in its original form or otherwise including documents, signatures, seals, texts,
images, sounds, speeches or data compiled, recorded or stored, as the case may be:
1. in written form on any material;
2. on film, negative, tape or other medium so as to be capable of being reproduced; or
3. any means of recording device or process, computer or other electronic device or process.
Record Management
- refers to the managerial activities involved with respect to the record creation, record maintenance, and use,
transmission, retention, and record disposition in order to achieve adequate and proper documentation of policies and
transactions of government for its efficient, effective and economical operation.
Cardinal Principles of Records Management
1. A record that is misplaced or misfiled is as good as lost.
2. No record that is subject to a pending audit should be destroyed, regardless of the published
destruction schedule.
3. Active records are to be kept in offices during their useful life. Inactive records are to be
transferred to some type of archives or destroyed according to the record retention schedule.
4. Records should be grouped according to the retention value and functions.
5. Information is not tangible (not real or true) until it is represented as data or recorded in a
document.
Reasons why managing government records a difficult problem
1. Large in volume
2. Accumulates rapidly
3. Must be available to a wide variety of users
4. It occupies valuable office space and crowded out office personnel.
Avoiding of losing/misplacing of records:
1. Only authorized personnel should have access to the files or records.
2. Maintain a record book for borrowers.
3. File all records properly.
4. Store records in a safe place.
5. Conduct periodic inspection and inventory.
6. Report immediately to your superior any missing or lost records.
RECORDS CYCLE
- also known as “birth-through-death cycle”
- the life span of records from creation to final disposition:
1. Birth or Creation – the period during which the record is created or comes into existence.
2.Records Maintenance and Use refers to the period when the records serve its purpose:
a. Active Life – during which the record is maintained, used and controlled
b. Inactive Life – the time when the record is very rarely or no longer referred to and must be transferred
to a cheaper place. These records have already served their purpose but must be kept for legal
requirement or other compelling reasons.
POLICE
= refers to a body of civil authority, which is tasked to maintain peace and order, enforce the law, protect lives and
properties and ensure public safety.
= a public official with an extraordinary power to make an arrest and performing direct police functions.
COMPARATIVE = is the degree of likeness and unlikeness of two police models
SYSTEM = is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed towards goals and
which are influenced by the environment within which they function
GLOBALIZATION = The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and
sustain a global economy.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION to Law Enforcement
= law enforcers are expected to be the protector of the people…….unaccountable flow of migration and open
markets present new threats to state-based human rights regimes – great challenge to law enforcement.
Threats to Law Enforcement
increasing volume of human rights violations as evidence by genocide and mass killing
conflict between nations
Transnational criminal networks for drug trafficking, money laundering, terrorism
TYPES OF POLICE SYSTEM
1. Common Law Systems = usually exists in English speaking countries of the world
= there is strong adversarial system and rely upon oral system of evidence in which the public trial is a main focal
point
= also known as “Anglo-American Justice”
2. Civil Law Systems = distinguished by strong inquisitorial system where less right is granted to the accused and the
written law is taken as gospel and subject to little interpretation
= also known as “Continental Justice or Romano-Germanic Justice”
3. Socialist System = distinguished by procedures designed to rehabilitate the offender.
= known as Marxist-Leninist Justice and exist in places such as Africa and Asia
4. Islamic System = based more on the concept of natural justice or customary law or tribal traditions
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
1. Continental = is the theory of police service which maintains that police officers are servants of higher authorities.
This theory prevails in the continental countries like France, Italy and Spain.
2. Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers are servants of the community or the
people. This theory prevails in England and United States.
CONCEPT OF POLICE SERVICE
1. Old Police Service = states that the yardstick of police efficiency relies on the number of arrest made.
2. Modern Police Service = states that the yardstick of police efficiency relies on the absence of crime.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING SYSTEM
Praetorian guards = military bodies who serve as guardians of peace in ancient Rome in which the idea of policing said
to have originated
Officer de la Paix = a French term which claimed to be the origin of the term Police Officer
1. Anglo-Saxon Period of Policing System (Ancient England)
A. Tun Policing System
A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male residents were required to
guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.
About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-Saxon System. Ten families in a
town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman. Since 10 tithings
amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the reeve. Both the tithingman and reeve were elected
officials. They possessed judicial power as well as police authority.
B. Hue and Cry
A village law started in Britain which provided methods of apprehending a criminal by an act of the complainant
to shout to call all male residents to assemble and arrest the suspect.
C. Trial by Ordeal
A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an
unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience. (In present terminologies, it would mean an employment of a “3rd degree.”)
The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei Indicum” which means “a miraculous decision.”
2. Norman Period of Policing System
This system of policing existed during the time of Norman William The Conqueror (King of France). When he
invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers and dictators began and changed the concept of crime
being committed against the state.
A. Shire-Rieve
Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55)
military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55) military
divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute powers that no one could questions his or her actions.
Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of the Horse” were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties. It
became the source of the word Constable.
The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the word “Sheriff.”
B. Travelling Judge or Circuit Judge
A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel
through and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of the division of the police and judicial powers.
C. Legis Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:
Offenses were classified as against the king and individuals
Policeman becomes public servant.
The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest.”
Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of a
crime and eliminate the “Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by Ordeal System.”
D. Frankpledge System
A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were required
to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people
3. Westminster Period of Policing System
It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England, which at the
time was Westminster. This period has the following features:
Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at night (watch) and in daytime (ward) were defined
Statute of Westminster of 1285, a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace.
B. Statute of 1295
The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours, which demanded the closing of the gates of London
during sundown.
C. Justice of the Peace (About 1361)
Three or four men who were learned in the law of the land were given authority to pursue, arrest, chastise and
imprisonment violators of law. They handled felonies, misdemeanors and infractions of city or village ordinances. This
was later abolished about 75 years after.
D. Star Chamber Court (1487)
A special court designed to try offenders against the state. The room set-up is formed in a shape of a star and
judges were given great powers such as the power to force testimony from a defendant leading to a great abuse of
power or brutality on the part of the judges.
4. Keepers of the Peace
A proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of knights to
keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and leaving the
cities and towns.
5. King Charles II of England (1663)
King Charles II passed an act which established or promoted the employment of watchmen or bellmen to be on
duty from sunset to sunrise.
6. Magna Carta or "The Great Charter"
A law promulgated by King John of England upon the demand of the Knights of the Round Table forcing the
King to sign the same with the following features:
No freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, banished or exiled except by legal judgment of his peers.
No person shall be tried for murder unless there is proof of the body of the victim.
LONDON POLICING PRIOR TO 1829
Henry Fielding = appointed as Magistrate in 1748, introduced the first detective force, known as the Bow Street
Runners
Bow Street Runners = a group of men organized by Henry Fielding and named by his brother John Fielding task to catch
thieves and robbers
= identified by carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal Crown
= made up of eight constables who also investigated crimes handed over to them by the volunteer constables
and watchmen
1798 = Marine Police Force was established; salaried constables were being paid by local magistrates.
= initially made up of 220 Constables assisted by 1,000 registered dock workers, and was responsible for
preventing the theft of cargo. = widely regarded as being the first modern police force in the world, in the sense that
they were not government controlled and were responsible for the prevention of crime.
LONDON 1829
Sir Robert Peel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
METROPOLITAN POLICE FORCE (MPF) = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel under the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829
= the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London Police
and the British Transport Police)
= finest police force around the world.
TOTAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police
IMPORTANT DATES
1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan Police with
controversial use of force.
1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol into its control.
1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the disbandment of the
Bow Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.
SUPERVISION AND ADMINISTRATION OF MPF
1. The Metropolitan Police Authority (MPA) was the police authority responsible for supervising the Metropolitan
Police Service, the police force for Greater London. It consisted of 23 members: 12 London Assembly members,
appointed by the Mayor of London in accordance with the political balance on the Assembly, four magistrates and seven
independents. The MPA was set up in 2000 as a functional body of the Greater London Authority, by the Greater London
Authority Act 1999. Previously control of the Metropolitan Police had vested entirely in the Home Secretary.
2. The MPA was disbanded on 16th January 2012 when the functions of the MPA were transferred to the Mayor's Office
for Policing and Crime (MOPC)
MPF Age criteria
As of 1 October 2006, the age criteria (at the time of application) is as follows:
18–62½ years old = Police community support officers
18–57 years old = Special constables
18–57 years old = New constables and experienced officers
Police staff = 16 years, except where the role involves shift work where the minimum age will be 18 years.
Volunteers = 18+
UNITED STATES POLICE SYSTEM
TYPES OF US POLICE
1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country police departments, sheriff departments.
Types of Local Police
a. Country Sheriff = in charged with the operation of county jail, civil function such as service of eviction notices and
other court orders and police responsibility.
b. City Police = most common local police organization. It has jurisdiction in matters that occur in an incorporated
municipality.
2. State Police = includes special investigative agencies that concentrate on statewide law enforcement. Also Tasked of
regulating traffic and maintaining order and safety on state and federal highways.
3. Federal Police = agencies operated by federal government at the national level
Some Federal Agencies Having Police Functions
a. Protection of Life, Property and Enforcement of Penal Statutes
1. Federal Bureau of Investigation (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations of federal law except when the
enforcement authority was given to other specific federal agency
2. United States Secret Service (Department of Treasury) = concerned with investigation of counterfeiting, forging or
altering of any of the money or other securities of the U.S. It is also in charged of the protection of the president and his
family, and of the executive mansion grounds
3. Bureau of Narcotics (Department of Treasury) = investigates all violations of federal law relating to prohibited drugs
4. Immigration and Naturalization Service (Department of Justice) = investigates all violations of immigration and
naturalization laws, patrol boarders to prevent surreptitious entry of aliens,
b. Protection of the National Revenue
1. Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = investigation of violations of income tax laws
2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = violations of internal revenue laws
3. Division of Investigation and Patrol, Bureau of Customs = investigates smuggling activities and enforces customs and
navigation laws.
4. Private Police = additional police protection made by employing sworn officers through contract when they are not
officially on duty
Two Basic Forms of Private Police
a. Proprietary Police = when a person wishes to receive service, he hires and security personnel directly
b. Contract Security = services of an independent security company
Selected U.S. Police Agencies
New York City = it is where the first full time police force was organized in the United States
New York Police Department = the largest police force in the United States
Texas Ranger = police force originally created in response to colonization
Boston Police Department = first local modern police department established in the United States
Pennsylvania State Police = the first state police agency established
Los Angeles Police Department = police force that hired the first female police officer named, Alice Stebbins
Wells
Department of Homeland Security = a federal law enforcement agency in the United States which handles U.S.
Customs and Border Protection, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, United States Secret Service, United
States Coast Guard and Transportation Security Administration
CANADA POLICE SYSTEM
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) = colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force” = is the national
police force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the world being a national, federal, provincial and
municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of Royal Northwest Mounted Police (1873) with the
Dominion Police (1868).
AUSTRALIA POLICE SYSTEM
Australian Federal Police = a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight
against 21st century crime.
JAPAN POLICE SYSTEM
Keihoryo (Police Bureau within the Ministry of Home affairs to 1945)
Japanese Colonial Government = the one which organized the first formal policing in China.
Japanese Yakuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime action.
OUTLINE OF PRESENT POLICE ORGANIZATION
A. National Level
1. National Public Safety Commission (NPSC) = an administrative board under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister. It
is composed of Chairman and five members, serving five-year term, who are appointed by the Prime Minister.
The Chairman is the State Minister, who convenes the commission and presides over its matters, but is not a
member.
The NPSC controls the National Police Agency (NPA) with respect to:
a. police training
b. communications
c. criminal statistics
d. equipment
e. other police administration and
f. matters of police operations affecting national public safety.
The NPSC has the power to appoint or dismiss the Commissioner-General of the National Police Agency with the
approval of the Prime Minister.
Appointments and dismissals of Chiefs of Prefectural Police Headquarters are also made by the NPSC with the
consent of the Prefectural Public Safety Commission.
For the Chief (Superintendent-General) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department, the further approval of
the Prime Minister and the consent of the Tokyo Metropolitan Public Safety Commission are required.
2. National Police Agency (NPA) = established under the control of the National Public Safety Commission, headed by a
Commissioner-General. It is made up of Commissioner-General’s Secretariat and five Bureaus:
a. Community Safety Bureau
b. Criminal Investigation Bureau
c. Traffic Bureau
d. Security Bureau
e. Info-Communications Bureau
Attached Agency of the NPA:
a. National Police Academy = provides training to police officers and conduct academic research
b. National Research Institute of the Police Science = conducts research in police science
c. Imperial Guards = provides escort to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince and other Imperial family.
= responsible for the security of Imperial Palace
NPA Regional Bureaus = exercise control and supervision over regional police offices and provides support with the
prefectural police.
There are seven (7) Regional Police Bureaus established as local police officers of the NPA whose jurisdiction
extends to all districts except in the areas of Tokyo Prefecture and Hokkaido.
B. Prefecture Level (Local)
1. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = established under the jurisdiction of the respective Prefectural
Governors, it controls the Prefectural Police in its respective jurisdiction.
The PPSC may, when necessary, submit recommendations to the NPSC with respect the dismissal of or
disciplinary action against the Chief of a Prefectural Police Headquarters.
2. Prefectural Police = jurisdiction is generally confined in their respective prefectures.
There are 47 Prefectural Police Departments in Japan. The largest is the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department,
and the next is the Osaka Police Headquarters.
Superintendent-General = head of the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department
Rank Structure and Corresponding Position of NPA
Commissioner-General (Keisatsu-chō Chōkan): The Chief of National Police Agency
Superintendent General (Keishi-sōkan): The Chief of Metropolitan Police Department
Superintendent Supervisor (eishi-kan): Deputy Commissioner General, Deputy Superintendent General, The
Chief of Regional Police Bureau, The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters,
Chief Superintendent (Keishi-chō): The Chief of Prefectural Police Headquarters.
Senior Superintendent (Keishi-sei): The Chief of Police Station.
Superintendent (Keishi): The Chief of Police Station.
Police Inspector or Captain (Keibu)
Assistant Police Inspector or Lieutenant (Keibu-ho)
Police Sergeant (Junsa-buchō)
Senior Police Officer or Corporal (Junsa-chō): Honorary rank.
Police officer, old Patrolman (Junsa)
MALAYSIA POLICE SYSTEM
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE (RMP)
Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia (PDRM)
= police force of Malaysia.
= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
= The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police force is specified
and governed by the Police Act 1967
Motto = TEGAS, ADIL DAN BERHEMAH = Firm, Fair and Prudent
RMP Organizations
1. Management Department = the Management Department is tasked with the routine of management and
administration affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP and acts as the support services
platform for the rest of the force.
2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several equipments needed in RMP
3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes (murder, robbery,
rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc).
= This department also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads)
Branches of Criminal Investigation Division
D1 – Administrative Division
D2 – Criminal Record Registration
D3 – Internal Affairs
D4 – Statistics
D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions
D6 – Technical Assistance Division
D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
D8 – Investigation Division / Planning
D9 – Special Investigation Division
D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division
D11 – Sexual Investigation Division
D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division
4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation Division = this department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs by
enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous drugs.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible for traffic control and Search And Rescue (SAR)
operations
6. The Police Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and was a para-military unit of the Royal Malaysia Police. Also
known as the Jungle Squad
= established in 1948
7. Police Counter-Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism operations
8. Marine Combat Unit (MCU) or Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) = was established in 2006 and it was fully operational
by the end of 2007
= first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside the
coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which were continuously widespread from time to
time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem
= members received training from U.S
*9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) or Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan = its role is riot suppression, crowd control, disaster
relief & rescue, as well as special operations assistance
= organized in 1955
10. C4-i Implementations System (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications, Computer-Integrated) = based
at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in Malaysia.
= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs.
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order and
coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the high seas
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police with a
vital role in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and patrol from the air
13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national security
14. Traffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic
15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = this department's main function is to investigate, arrest, and
prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, cyber-crimes, forgery, counterfeiting
etc
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in remote
areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also
employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage
INDONESIA POLICE SYSTEM
Indonesian National Police (Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia) = is the official police force of Indonesia
= organized 1946
= also known as Polri
Markasbesar/Mabes = name of the headquaters of Indonesian National Police located in KebayoranBaru, South,
Jakarta, Indonesia
POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES
1. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police
2. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda = provincial police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres = city or regency police
4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek = sub-district police
SPECIAL BRANCHES
1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations
= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security for VIP and vital facilities
2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training
3. Sea and Air Police = responsible patrolling the airspace
4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations
5. Maritime Police = responsible in protecting the territorial sea
6. Anti-Terrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism
7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence
SINGAPORE POLICE SYSTEM
Singapore Police Force (SPF) = is the main agency task with maintaining law and order in the city-state. It is formerly
known as Republic of Singapore Police. Organized with split staff (15) and line functions (13) roughly modeled after the
military. Headquarters at New Phoenix Park in Novena.
Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
Training in SPF
Police Academy = provides basic training to both new and serving officers of the SPF
6 Months = is the duration of training for Constables
10 Months = duration of training for Officer Cadet Trainees
THAILAND POLICE SYSTEM
Royal Thai Police (RTP) = is the primary law enforcement agency of Thailand. Formerly known as Thailand National
Police Department (TNPD)
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of the
Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai Police. The position of its supreme head was changed from that of the
Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police
10 Geographical Regions of RTP
1. Metropolitan Police Bureau
2. Provincial Police Region 1 = central region
3. Provincial Police Region 2 = eastern region
4. Provincial Police Region 3= lower northeastern region
5. Provincial Police Region 4 = upper northeastern region
6. Provincial Police Region 5 = upper northern region
7. Provincial Police Region 6 = lower northern region
8. Provincial Police Region 7 = western region
9. Provincial Police Region 8 = upper southern region
10. Provincial Police Region 9 = lower southern region
Different Bureaus of RTP
1. Border Patrol Police = maintenance of the public peace and security along the border areas
2. Central Investigation Bureau = responsible for major criminal cases, specially offenses committed in breach of
national security and integrity
3. Immigration Bureau = responsible for immigration proceedings of all country checkpoints, alien registration control,
prevention and suppression of trafficking of women and children
4. Narcotics Suppression Bureau = in charge of drug prevention and suppression in Thailand
5. Office of the Royal Court Security Police = provides security for His Majesty the King and the Queen, the Heir, and His
Majesty’s representatives
6. Special Branch = police intelligence unit, responsible for acquiring and managing intelligence concerning national
security.
7. Office of Human Resources = responsible for personnel management within the RTP
8. Police Education Bureau = provides training to RTP
Recruitment and Training
Applicants with high school education receive training provided by Police Education Bureau and become rank-
and-file police officers.
Applicants who are college graduate are trained inside the Police Cadet Academy and become sub-inspectors.
They undergo 4-year course in the academy.
No entry is allowed beyond sub-inspector rank from outside the agency
Age:
Male 14-18 years old for a High School Applicant.
Male or Female 18-35-year-old for college graduate applicant.
MYANMAR POLICE SYSTEM
Myanmar Police Force = formally known as The People's Police Force (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe)
Its command structure is based on established civil jurisdictions. Each of Myanmar's seven states and seven
divisions has their own Police Forces with headquarters in the respective capital cities.
State and Division of Police Forces
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police Forces commanded
by Police Colonels. Their jurisdictions are divided according to the Civil Administration.
Each State and Divisional Police Force consist of four components.
1. Office of the Commander of the State and Divisional Police Force
2. Office of the Commander of the District Police Force
3. Office of the Commander of the Township Police Force
4. Police Stations
The District Police Forces are classified into two classes depending on the area, population and development,
namely A and B Class.
a. Class A District Police Forces = commanders are Police Lieutenant Colonels
b. Class B District Police Forces = commanders are Police Majors.
c. Township Police Forces = commanders are Police Majors
d. Police Station Officers = commanders are Police Lieutenants.
Special Departments
There are four Special Departments, in which the first two Departments are headed by the Police Brigadier
Generals and the remaining two are by Police Colonels.
1. Special Intelligence Department (Special Branch)
2. Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
3. Railways Police Department
4. City Development Police Department
5. Myanmar Traffic Police
Others Major Departments
1. Aviation Police Department
2. Coastal and River Patrol Police Department
3. Highway Patrol Police Department
4. Tourist Police Department
TRAINING CENTERS
1. Central Training Institute of Myanmar Police Force
2. No.1 Police Training Depot = undertakes Basic Training Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years; Warrant Officer and
Police Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training Course for Constables for 6 Month
3. No. 2 Police Training Depot = undertakes only Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6
months to complete.
CAMBODIA POLICE SYSTEM
Cambodian National Police = is the primary law enforcement agency in Cambodia
The Cambodian National Police is divided into four autonomous units, headed collectively by the First Deputy
Director of National Police, and five central departments, each managed by a Chief of Department and Deputy Director:
Four Autonomous Units ((headed by First Deputy Director)
1. Interpol unit
2. Headquarters unit
3. Intervention unit
4. Drug Enforcement unit
Five Central Departments (each managed by a Chief of Department and Deputy Director)
1. Border department
2. Public Order department
3. Judicial department
4. Security department
5. Central Department of Means (support office)
Border Department
The border police department is divided into three sub-departments:
1. Land border
2. Marine border
3. Logistics and technical
Public Order Department
1. Social Security
2. Defense
3. Administration
4. Public order
Judicial Department
The judicial police force is divided into three sub-departments:
1. Criminal police
2. Economic police
3. Scientific and technical
Security Department
The security police department is divided into four sub-departments:
1. General information
2. Anti-terrorism police
3. Body-guards
4. Foreigners
Central Department of Means
1. Personnel
2. Training
3. Logistics and material
HONG KONG POLICE SYSTEM
Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF) = is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of Hong Kong. It is the
world's second, and Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.
In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force for their handling of the
Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: The Royal Hong Kong Police Force. Following the transfer of sovereignty, the
Force is once again named the Hong Kong Police Force
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and coordination of force management
including personnel, training, and management services.
Motto =We Serve with Pride and Care
The Hong Kong Police Force is organized into Six Regions:
1. Hong Kong Island
2. Kowloon East
3. Kowloon West
4. New Territories North
5. New Territories South
6. Marine Region
The Force Headquarters (Management) is made up of five departments:
1. Operations & Support
2. Crime & Security
3. Personnel & Training
4. Management Services
5. Finance, Administration and Planning
Operations Wing
The Operations Wing consists of three sections: Operations Bureau, the Police Tactical Unit and the Explosive
Ordnance Disposal Bureau.
Operations Bureau:
a. Regional Command and Control Centre provides the means for exercising control over resources both at regional and
district levels. It also acts as an information Centre for the passage of information to the Headquarters CCC and other
agencies.
b. Emergency Unit comprises the ordinary uniformed policemen. The unit is primarily tasked with regular patrol beats as
well as providing quick responses to emergency situations such as 999 calls
Police Tactical Unit
a. Special Duties Unit (SDU)
b. Emergency Unit
c. Airport Security Unit (ATU)
d. Counter Terrorism Response Unit (CTRU) created in 2009 as a means to deal with terror threats in Hong Kong. The
unit initially trained with the NYPD Hercules Team.
Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bureau is a special standalone unit within the Operations and Support Wing. Its main
responsibilities are bomb disposal work both on land and underwater. It also trains officers on explosives related
matters and inspects storage of ammunition and explosives.
Anti-Illegal Immigration Control Centre is responsible for collecting intelligence and monitoring operations in respect to
illegal immigrants from the Mainland and Vietnam
Administration Formation implements policies laid down by the Regional Commander and is responsible for the
Region's general administration. Its responsibilities include community relations, staff relations, and magistrates.
Crime Formation investigates serious and inter-district crimes. In addition, it collects, collates and evaluates intelligence
on criminals and criminal activity within the Region.
Traffic Branch Headquarters covers traffic control, enforcement of traffic legislation and regulations, investigation of
traffic accidents, promotion of road safety, and implementing Force and Regional traffic policies.
Crime Wing
1. Organized Crime and Triad Bureau (OCTB) investigates major organized and serious crime involving all types of
activities such as theft/smuggling of vehicles, human trafficking, firearms, vice, debt collection, syndicated gambling
and extortion.
2. Criminal Intelligence Bureau (CIB) is the Force's central coordinating body for intelligence on crime and criminality
which, after analysis and assessment, is disseminated to crime investigation units as required.
3. Commercial Crime Bureau (CCB) investigates serious commercial and business fraud, computer-related crimes, the
forgery of monetary instruments, identity documents and payment cards, and the counterfeiting of currency and coins.
4. Narcotics Bureau (NB) investigates serious drug cases such as importation and manufacture of illicit drugs, and
gathers intelligence in relation to major drug activities.
5. Support Group is made up of units which provide a technical and professional service to support criminal
investigation, including Criminal Records Bureau, Identification Bureau, Forensic Firearms Examination
Bureau and Child Protection Policy Unit. The group also fulfils a liaison responsibility for the Forensic Pathology Service
and the Forensic Science Division.
Hong Kong Police College = is responsible for all matters relating to training within the Hong Kong Police except internal
security, Auxiliary and Marine Police training.
Training provided by the Police College includes recruit and continuation training, crime investigation training,
police driver training and weapon tactics training. The information technology training, command training, local and
overseas management training, some specialist courses and periodic courses on firearms and first aid are also provided
by the Police College.
Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading initiatives to improve services provided to force customers both
external and internal. The wing comprises three branches: Performance Review, Research and Inspections and
Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)
Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II)
= includes the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees the investigation and successful resolution of all
complaints made both externally and internally against members of the force.
Recruitment and Training
Inspector = holder of a Bachelor degree from a Hong Kong university
Constable = Level 2 or equivalent (Note 1) or above in five subjects in the Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary
Education Examination (HKDSEE) (Note 2), or equivalent; or Level 2 (Note 3) / Grade E or above in five subjects
in the Hong Kong Certificate of Education Examination (HKCEE) (Note 2), or equivalent
For Inspector, 36 weeks of basic training which covers leadership, staff management, police procedures, laws,
foot drill, physical training, weapon handling etc.
For Constable, 27 weeks of basic training which includes police procedures, laws, footdrill, physical training,
weapon handling and first aid, etc.
Physique
Male candidate, should be at least 163cm tall and weigh 50kg.
Female candidate, must be at least 152cm tall and weigh 42kg.
CHINA POLICE SYSTEM
Kinds of Police System in China
1. Chinese People's Armed Police Force (commonly known as People's Armed Police <PAP>) = is a paramilitary force
primarily responsible for civilian policing and fire rescue duties in the People's Republic of China
2. State Security Police = safeguards state security, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies. Under the
Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the overall police system stationed in prisons and correction units.
This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and some also
executing death sentences.
5. Quasi-Parapolice = operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular actions such as
collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.
3 Important Ministry of China
1. Ministry of National Defense = is the top of the hierarchy with judicial and public security agencies such as Ministry
of Public Security and the Ministry of State Security.
2. Ministry of Public Security= is the principal police authority of the mainland of the People’s Republic of China which
oversee the day to day law enforcement. (It is the equivalent of the NAPOLCOM in the Philippines).
3. Ministry of State Security = the Chinese government’s largest and most active foreign intelligence agency, though it
is also involved in domestic security matters.
Other Important Government Agencies
1. Special Police College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a year.
2. Central Military Commission = appoints police in China
3. People’s Liberation Army = Chinese Armed forces.
4. Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the rank promotion for police officer.
Recruitment and Training
Under the Police Law of 1995, an applicant must be over 18 years old and must be high school graduate.
Once recruited, new recruits are required to undergo 1 year probationary period in which they received training
in police academics. Only those who performed satisfactorily and passed and end-term exams will be formally hired as
police officer.
TAIWAN (Republic of China)
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY = is the unified police force of Taiwan
= under the supervision of MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
= under effective civilian control
ORG. OF NATIONA POLICE AGENCY IN TAIWAN
1. Administration Police = are generally referred to those who are required to wear uniforms to carry out duties of
household visits, patrolling, raid, guarding, duty officer, and reserves.
2. Traffic Police = the primary duties of the Traffic Police are to keep traffic order, to ensure traffic safety, to prevent
traffic accidents, and to smooth traffic flow.
3. Special Police = are those who are responsible for protecting the Central Government, establishing contingent plans
and assisting local and specialized police units in maintaining public order.
4. Criminal Investigation Police = the primary duties of the criminal investigation police are to prevent and detect
crimes.
5. Specialized Police = main duties are to protect state-run enterprises and public facilities like railways, highways,
airports, harbors, MRT and Bank of Taiwan.
UNITED NATIONS
United Nations = officially came into existence on October 24, 1945
= Coined by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt in the declaration by United Nation. This declaration was
made to officially state the Cooperation of the allies (Great Britain, the United States, and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics)
OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF UN
The six official languages of the United Nations, used in intergovernmental meetings and documents, are Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish.