S .E.

Mechanical

Type of Equilibrium Diagrams & Metallurgical Concepts

Related terms and their definitions :

System: Is a part of universe under consideration

Phase: It is a physically separated and chemically same part of system under consideration

Variable : No of parameters that will change the phase under consideration

Component : No of elements present in system under consideration

Alloy : Is a mixture of two or more elements in each other out of which the element which is
in more than 50 % is known as base element and the other is known as alloying elements.

Solid solution : is an alloy in which solute atoms are dissolved in solvent.

Based on the percentage the type of solute in solvent they are classified as

1. Interstitial solid solution

2. Substitutional solid solution

Substitutional solid soln. Interstitial solid soln.

(e.g., Cu in Ni) (e.g., C in Fe)

Hume Ruther's rule of solid solubility :

Atomic size: the difference in atomic size should not be more than 15%

Chemical affinity : Materials having chemical affinity with each other will restrict the
solubility
Valancy factor : Low valancy material dissolves high in high valancy material and vice versa

Crystal structure : Materials having same crystal structure can dissolve more in each other

Equilibrium phase diagrams represents relations between temperature, pressure, compositions

and quantities of phases at equilibrium.

The following type of binary (contains only two component) systems will be discussed
below: - complete solubility: isomorphous - eutectic - with intermediate phases or compounds
- involving eutectoid and peritectic reactions

Binary Isomorphous Systems

BINARY-EUTECTIC SYSTEMS
Lever rule: The fraction of one phase is computed by taking the length of tie line from the
overall alloy composition to the phase boundary for the other phase, and dividing by the total
tie line length.

Cooling curves, Plotting of Equilibrium diagrams, Lever rule, Coring, Eutectic system,
Partial eutectic and eutectoid system. Non Equilibrium cooling and it's effects.