The document summarizes the establishment of the Chinese republic in 1911 after the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Sun Yat-sen advocated for nationalism, democracy, and socialism through his Three Principles doctrine. He also promoted reforms like abolishing foot binding and establishing equality in marriage. After Sun's death, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the leader of the Guomindang party and aimed to consolidate power by controlling warlords and eliminating communists.
The document summarizes the establishment of the Chinese republic in 1911 after the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Sun Yat-sen advocated for nationalism, democracy, and socialism through his Three Principles doctrine. He also promoted reforms like abolishing foot binding and establishing equality in marriage. After Sun's death, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the leader of the Guomindang party and aimed to consolidate power by controlling warlords and eliminating communists.
The document summarizes the establishment of the Chinese republic in 1911 after the overthrow of the Manchu dynasty. Sun Yat-sen advocated for nationalism, democracy, and socialism through his Three Principles doctrine. He also promoted reforms like abolishing foot binding and establishing equality in marriage. After Sun's death, Chiang Kai-shek emerged as the leader of the Guomindang party and aimed to consolidate power by controlling warlords and eliminating communists.
• Manchu dynasty was overthrown and a republic was
established in 1911 under Sun Yat-Sen. He studied medicine but was greatly concerned about the fate of China.
• Yat-Sen’s programme was called the Three Principles
– These were nationalism – which meant overthrowing the Manchu who was seen as a foreign dynasty, as well as other foreign imperialists; democracy or establishing democratic government; and socialism regulating capital and equalizing landholdings..
• Revolutionaries asked to drive out the foreigners to
control natural resources, remove inequalities, and reduce poverty.
• Advocated reforms – use of simple language,
abolishing foot binding and female subordination, equality in marriage and economic development.
• Sun Yat-sen’s ideas became the basis of the political
philosophy of the Guomindang which were identified as the ‘four great needs – clothing food, housing and transportation. • After the death of Sun, Chiang Kai-shek (1887-1975) emerged as the leader of the Guomindang. He launched a military campaign to control the ‘warlords’, regional leaders who had authority, and to eliminate the communists.
• He advocated a secular and rational ‘this-
worldly’ Confucianism. [Confucianism is an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality.]
• He encouraged women to cultivate the four virtues of
‘chastity, appearance, speech and work’ and recognise their role as confined to the household.