CHARACTERISTICS OF LAW ACCORDING TO SANCHEZ ROMAN

1. It is a rule of conduct
2. It is obligatory
3. It is promulgated by legitimate authority
4. It is of common observance and benefit
ORGANIZATION OF COURTS
1. Regular Courts
a. One Court of Appeals
b. Regional Trial Courts (sitting in the different provinces and cities)
c. Metropolitan Trial Courts (in metropolitan area)
d. Municipal Trial Courts (in municipalities)
e. Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (areas defined as municipal circuits)
2. Special Courts
a. The Sandiganbayan
b. Court of Tax Appeals
3. Quasi-judicial Agencies
a. National Labor Relations Commission
b. Securities and Exchange Commission
c. Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board
d. Insurance Commission
e. Independent Constitutional Commissions
DUTIES OF DEBTOR IN OBLIGATION TO GIVE A DETERMINATE THING
1. Preserve or take care of the thing
a. Diligence of a good father of a family
b. Another standard of care
c. Factors to be considered
d. Reason for debtor’s obligation
2. Deliver the fruits of the thing
3. Deliver the accessions and accessories
4. Deliver the thing itself
5. Answer for damages in case of non-fulfillment or breach
DIFFERENT KINDS OF FRUITS
1. Natural Fruits – the spontaneous products of the soil, and the young and other
products of animals
2. Industrial Fruits – those produced by lands of any kind through cultivation or labor
3. Civil Fruits – those derived by virtue of a juridical relation.
KINDS OF DELAY
1. Mora Solvendi – the delay on the part of the debtor to fulfill his obligation (to give or
to do)
2. Mora accipiendi – the delay on the part of the creditor to accept the performance of
the obligation; and
3. Compensatio morae – the delay of the obligors in reciprocal obligations