SPINAL CORD INJURY

LEGEND Non-Modifiable Risk Factors Modifiable Risk Factors

• Postmenopausal women • Trauma
Non-modifiable risk factors
• Age (16-30 y.o., >65 y.o. • High risk occupation
Modifiable risk factors • Race (Europeans and • Underlying diseases (e.g.
Disease Process Asians) Osteoporosis)
• Smoking
Clinical manifestations presented
Clinical manifestations not presented
Medical Management
Laboratory Results Fracture of the Vertebra

Compression on the spinal cord

Injury of spinal cord Vitamin B Complex

Impairment of nerve conduction

Motor impairment
Autonomic impairment Sensory impairment

Ascending paralysis

Loss of micturition reflex Loss of internal urethral Loss of intestinal motility Loss of internal anal Retained sensation but Loss of sensation
sphincter control sphincter control Impaired
Inability to move trunk Loss of diaphragm control Inability to move extremities
Urinary stasis Urinary incontinence Decreased bowel Fecal incontinence Loss of heat sensation Loss of tactile sensation Analgesia
movements Heat or cold intolerance Paresthesia Pain
Prolonged pressure on Respiratory failure
bony prominence Absence of response to Inability to contract leg muscles
Pathogens are not flushed external stimuli
Bladder distention

Decreased tissue Areflexia Reduced venous return

Pathogens proliferate perfusion
Dexamethasone
Venous stasis in the lower
Pathogens inflame the
Ischemia extremities
lining of the bladder Neutrophils: 0.75 (0.43-0.65)
Lymphocytes: 0.15 (0.20-0.45)
Eosinophils: 0.04 (0.01-0.03) Bipedal Edema
Necrosis
Blood vessels of the
bladder are damaged

(+) blood on urine

Hematuria Hemoglobin: 95 g/L (120-150)
Hematocrit: 0.27 L/L (0.37-0.47) Burns Inability to recognize touch Pressure ulcer formation Ertapenem
RBC: 3.17 (4.2-5.4)