Te i Trigonometric Ratios & Identities Angle: Let a revoh : Ving line, startin store sng fom OX, reve sb © a are me dd of the arrow (in Bo fel ora tnd sent poten OP. Tren et oe to angie XOP. OP Is called precisely an angle may be oe ‘OX which is the initia position. The point O is called the vertex, More Se eed emerearte coon ete about its origin. An angle ara ang rn aaed by aay revoking in re andocic ecton and negative if itis traced by P Initial Position Negative Angle Positive Angle Terminal Position Pp sy, © Initia! Position Measurement of a0 sngie: There are three systems of measurement of an angle: i) ‘Sexagesimal System or English System ii) Centesimal system or French System iii) Ciroular System (degree measure): is measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, One complete revolution is 360° Further 1° is divided into 60 equal parts where one part is one minut divided into 60 equal parts and one partis one second (written as a Sexagesimal System In this system an angle i: where one degree is writen as 1. (written as 1’). Again one minute is hs 1° = 60 minutes (or 60°) and 1" = 60 seconds (or 60°). An angle of 90° is also called a right angle Centesimal System (grade measure): ‘an angle is measured in grades, minutes and seconds. = 100 grades, written as 100°, iten as 100", tten as 100” In this system Here 1 right angle 4 grade = 100 minutes, wri ‘and 1 minute = 100 seconds, writ jan measure): iemessured in radians. Aradian isan angle subtended atthe centre of a circle by e of a circle by Circular System (ra In this system an angle radius, dan are whose engi is equal 10 its. EE EEN ONSLet AB be an arc of a circle of radius r such that length of the arc AB Then ZAOB = 1 radian (written as 1°). ‘Since the whole circle subtends an angle of 360° (4 right angles) at the centre and the angles at the centre of a circk subtending arcs, the rato of ZAOB are AB 4 fight angles circumference so that “nop = 22_AB*4 right angles 2ar ian = 2 => 1 radian me * 4 right angles = = * tight angle => x radians = 2 right angles = 180° = 200g = 1 radian = 182 gegree = Bont 37°16'22" nearly. Number of Radians in an Angle Subtended by an Arc of a Circle at the Centre: Let ZAOP = 0 radian be the angle subtended by an arc AP (length of AP =| unit) of a circle at the centre 0. An arc AB is cut off from AP. B Then, ZAOB = 1 radian and ay ZOP _arc_AP_I a | fi ZAOB arc ABT ! a = ZAOP = — x (radians = ~ radians. t Hence number of radians in ZAOP = radius ‘flastration 1. Express in radians tho fourth angle of @ quadtilateral which has three andies 60°, 55° and 100°. Solution: ‘The sum of three angles = 60° + 55° + 100° = 215". The fourth angle = 360°- 215° = 145°. Since 1° = 55 radians, 145 = 22% radians. 180 36 fe 22 ‘justration 2. The difference between two acute angles of a right angled triangle iS 5 radians. Find 148° these angles in degrees. Solution: _Letx and y be two acute angles. Then: 180 degrees (1) Also x + y = 90° (2) => x= 63" and y= 27". ae eS\ ‘a Solution: Mlustration 4. Solution: Let a revol the perpendicular from P upon ratios of OM, MP and OP with one ¥ fustration 3. The angles of atvianglo are a, [ *) 3 . all tho angles: a all the ang! nx 75 radians. Find Since 100° = 90° > 1° = oP (“J Ey 70 (3) (so and n° = 190" = 1° = 180° 2nx)° _/ 24x)” 36x , 24x = (2) =(242) a0 4.2 = 100 (#) (3B) 28° 01s = 9x= 180 => x=20° = 60°, 24°, 96° are angles of the triangle. toe atong a ccle of rags 42 6 A circular wire of radius 3 om is cut and bent S° 26 circle. Find the angte subtended by the wire atthe centre of Pe Length of the circular wire = 2nr = 6 om. arc. Angle subtend a .gle subtended by the arc at the centre = Tags r Functions ‘om OX trace an angle ‘ein any of the four quadrants. Let M be ihe foot of SOx Regarding OM and MP as directed lenglhs (taking OP positive), ‘another are called circular functions OF trigonometric ratios of angle y y om opr op PM _Y stano,x#0 oM_x qo, PMaL stano.x w. Meco yeo @ PEP Sea en eS a AES)= OE oP or = cosec 0, y 40 vp, OPE sec 0,%70 w. oF. PM y om Trigonometic ratios (or functions) may also be defined with respect to a triangle. In a right angled triangle ABC, ZCAB = A and ZBCA = 90° = 7/2. AC is the base, BC the alti Ie the Pypotonuse: We refer Io the base as the adjacent side and tothe allude 85 the opposite side Wi reference to angle A, the six trigonometric ratios are: BC _ opposite side A BC _ opposite _side j, it BE eeestenusa (8 Called the sine of A, and writen as sinA. AC _ adjacent _ side AC _ adjacent _side ig cay AE = SNapotenae (© called the cosine of A, and witten as cosh. BC _ opposite _ sid posite _SIG® ji called the tangnet of A, and written as tanA. im c AC adjacent side sina , ‘ SHA. The reciprocals of sine, cosine and tangent are called the cosecont, secant and cotangent of A respectively. We write the: the greatest side in a right angle triangle, secA can never be less than unity. Hence | sin and cot A may take any numerical value. Obviously, tan A: .se as cosecA, secA, colA respectively. Since the hypotenuse is ‘sinA and cosA can never be greater than unity and cosecA and Als1, [cos Als 1, lcosec Al2 1, |sec Al21, while tan A Notes: = All the six trigonometric functions have got a very important property in common that is of periodicity. = Remember that the trigonomettical ratios are real numbers and remain same as long as angle A is real. Signs of Trigonometric Ratios: the signs of various trigonometric ratios: _ The following table descri ist quadrant [lind quadrant | Hird quadrant TVih quadrant Alll positive ‘sin 8, cosec @ positive _ | tan 0, cot 0 positive ‘sec 0, cos @ positive Fibber i hich is true for all values of the independent variable. There are three ‘An identity is a relation wh fundamental identities involving trigonometrical ratios: i) sin @ + cos’ = 1 ii) 4 + tan? @ = sec* ® ) 1+ cot” @ = cosec” Proof: (j) In triangle OPM; OP? = OM" + PME ped, Dividing both sides of (1) by OP”, we get 2 pM 4 OME , PM + 1= cos" @ + sin? 0. op? oP? (id) Dividing both sides of (1) by Pe MP2 2 OFF 14 OM? we get: Saar = 1* Ong = sec? a= 1+ tan’ 0. : (ii) Dividing both sides of (1) by MP* we get OP? _ OM! , + — cosec? 0= cot? 8 + 1. MP2 MP? Ee eS eeWlustration 5. Prove that CSA fase sin A+ cos A 1 tana! 4 cota ‘Solution: LHs = COSA + Sina cosA | sink VT tanA "1 cotA 4 sind | cosh cosA | sin _ a cass At ena A sin A + 005 A= cosA—sinA sinA—cosA Mustration 6. Prove that |1* 6°50 ~ cosec 9+ cot 0. ‘cos @ 9 = RHS. Solution: Lg = [T6080 _ fizcoso, Vizcos0 _ 140080 ~ cosec 0 + cot Vizcos0 ~ Vi=c0s0” frveoso sind sin 9 b cos 0- Mlustration 7. Eliminate ‘@' from the equations x = a cos 0+ b sin 6, y= 2S Solution: Squaring and adding the given equations we get: xity'= alcos® o+b’sin’ O+2ab cos 0 sin B+a°sin® 0 + b* 2 = x"4y? = a¥(cos? @ + sin’ 9) + bain? 0 + cos? 0) = x#y" = a cos? 0 — Zab, cos 0 sin ® illustration 8. If uy = cos” 6+ sin” 8, then prove that 2ug- 3uy + 1 = 0. Solution: Given u, = cos" 8 + sin” 0 => us = cos® 0 + sin’ 0 = (cos* 0 + sin? 6)(cos* 6 + sin‘ 6 ~ cos’ @ sin? 6) = (cos? 6 + sin? 6)? ~3c0s* @ sin? @ = 1 - 3cos? 8 sin* 8. Also us = cos" 0 + sin* @= 1 — 2cos” @ sin? @ = 2us— Buy + 1 = 2—6oos’ @ sin? 9-3 + 6cos’ @ sin” 0 + Mlustration 9. Express tand in terms of cos6. Solution: taken a2 unity 9 Solution. The given expression on the LHS is sin’ 0) + cosec"d + 2 + cosa + soc’o + 2 = 4+ (sin’0 + cos?0) + (1 + tan%0) + (1 + cot’0) + tan’0 + cot’0 = 7 + (tano - cotoy’ +229. 104 1 1. Prove that — SecA-tanA cosA cosA SecA +tanA 2. I tan?o = 1 —e? then show that secé + tan’e cosecd = (2 - e*)** 3. For what real values of x and y is the equation sec’0 possible? (x+y) 4. Prove the following trigonometric identities: (a) sec 0(1— sin 6)(sec 0 + tan 0) = 1 (b) + a (sec 6 tan 6)? sinx | 1+008x _ tan +secA ©) Teosx * sinx > 78e°% ( {anA-secA+ (e) (cosec 0 — sec 0)(cot 0 — tan 0) = (cosec 0 + sec 0)(sec 0 cosec @~ 2). 5. If sind + cosecd ~2, then sin® 8 + cosec*# = Ay t (by 4 (©) 2 {2} None of these 6. If sind+cos0 =mand secd+cosecd =n, then fm r#)(m-=1) (A) m @) 0 {6} 2m ©) 7. Ising = 24nd @ tes in the second quadrant, then sec0 +tan0 = (A) -3 (e) -5 8 -7 (0) -9 1“ 8 If cosecArcotA = 5", then tan = 15 2 5) 18 (A) 2D (8) 16 117 « “4 ©) "W7 P77 CESE-P1MATHEMATICS.TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & DENTIIESTrigonometric Ratios of Standard Angi Trigonometric Ratios of 45° Im the adjacent figure OM = PM = y and . POM = 45°, Here , oly 4 sings? = = + Cosec 45° = V2 3 yw? v2 we : oy 4 0 = : cos45' as B sec 45°=/2, 0 90" 7 | w Trigonometric Ratios of 30°: Let the revolving line trace ZPOM = 30°. Let PM = y. Let PY be the image of P in OX so that OPP" is an equilateral a triangle. Then OP = PP’ = 2y ay) = OM = Vay? =y? = By, 50 that * peat sin 30°= ¥ .1 ° ay = 2" s0sec 30° = 2, Trigonometric Ratios of 60" Let a revolving line, starting from OX, trace ZXOP = 60°. PMis perpendicular from P on OX, ®* is @ point on OX such that AOPP' is equilateral. Let OP = 2y > OP" = 2y = OM=y = PM= ay? —y? — 5) o . VBy_ V3 2 Hence sin 60° = Y3¥ V3 cose 60° = 2, lence sin ye B p= Y <1 500 60° cos 60° = = 3. sec tan 60° = YY = 3, cot 60 ¥ Trigonometric Ratios of 0: Let a revolving line, starting from OX, trace ZXOP = 0°. So that P lies on OX. Here PM = 0. We have oP _om Pwo. (net defined) 5 a (not defined). es Fe ESE LTTE SEASTrigonometric Let the revolving line OX, trace “ POX = 90°, From P, perpendicular PM is drawn to OX so that M coincides with O. Hence _ PM oP 0, OM eM om ltustration 12. Solution: Mlustration 13. Solution: Mustration 14. Solution: or Ratios of 90" y OP = teoseca0? = OF -¥ a4 PM y - of 2 © <0, sec 90° = ¥ (not defined), y 0 y 0 ¥ (not defi =f 7 (not defined), cot 90° y It'sec 0+ tan @= 4, find sin 0, cos 0. Also find the quadrant in which °0' les. Given sec 6 + tan 8 = 4. A) Also sec* @ - tan? 0 = 1. Hence sec 0 tan 0= + +2) 7 Solving (1) and (2), we get sec = 5 15 i ud i te ‘Since both sin @ and cos 0 are positive, 0 lies in the 1° quadrant and tan IF3 sin 0+ 5 cos 8= 4, find the value of 5 sin @~3 008 0. Letx=5ssin0-3 00s 0 =x? = (6 sin 0-3 cos 6) = 25sin® 6 + Gcos? @ ~ 30 sin 0 cos 0 = 25-25 cos’ @+ 9-9 sin’ 6-30 sin 8 cos 0 = 34 (3 sin 6 + 5 cos 6) = 34-16 = 18. Hence, 5 sin 6 -3.cos 0= +32. IfA, B, A~B and A + B are positive acute angles, find the values of A and B from the 1 cos (a +B) =4 equations sin (A ~ B) = tesin30"a-B=30. (1) The equations are sin (A—B) = > And cos (A + 8} Ae . = 60°. 7 7008 60" => A+ B= 60", 2) From (1) and (2), A= 45° and B = 15°, Rann ea ESMEGACOSM Trigonometrical Ratios of Angle (-0) in Terms of From the figure, we find that sin -0y= -¥ = sino, cos (-0) = * tan (-)= —Y =—tane, cot 4) = cot 8, cosec (+t) = =~ cosee : sec(#)= f= s000 Trigonometrical Ratios of Angle (90° — 6) in Terms of From the figure, we get tan (90° 8) = : = cot 0, cot (90° 0) = ¥=tan 8, cosec (90° - 6) = = se x sec (90° - 0) = = = cose"! y Ratios of (90"* @ in Terms of 6: Trigonometrical Let a revolving line OP" 6, Also let PM = y, OM =x, OP = In similar triangles OPM and OP’, OM'= ~¥. pw trace angle P'OX = 90° + 0, where ZPOM = % =c0s6, Hence sin (90° + 8) = + sin 6, tan (90° + 0) = = = —cot0, cos (90° + 4) cot (90° + 8) = -tan, x sec (90° + 4) A = -cosec 0, © = sec 0. cosec (90” + 8) = RE SN ARoce] Trigonometrical Ratios of (180° ~ 0) in Terms of @ W the revolving line OP" traces angle P'OM = 1 — 0, het in similar triangles OPM and OPM, PM = PM = ys OM = -OM = =x, Hence sin (180 —0) = Y = sino, cos (180-8) cos 0, tan (180 — 0) = tan 0, r as x cot (180 - 0) cot 0, sec (180-0) = sec 0, cosec (180 - 0) = = = cosec 6. Trigonometrical Ratios of (180° + 6) in Terms of @: Here sin (180 + 6) = sin (180 ~ (-#)) = sin (9) cos (180 + 6) = cos (180 ~ (-0)) = tan (180 = 9) = tan (180 ~ (-0)) =~ tan (~ 8)= 12 6, cosec (180 + @) = cosec (180 ~ (-8)) = cosee (0) = —cosec 8, cot (180 + 6) = cot (180 — (-0)) = — oot 4 cot 0, ec (180 ~ (-0)) = sec (+0) = see 0 sec (180 + 0) 9) in Terms 6: Trigonometric Ratios of (360° 360 —0. Then ZP'OM = 0, PM=—PM=yso that cos (360 - 6 tan (360-8) = cot (360 - 8) = sec (360-0) = = 8008, cosec (360 ~ 0) = y =~cosec 0 and sin (360 + 0) = sin 0, cos (360 + 0) = cos 0, tan (360 + 0) = tan 0, cot (360 + 0) = cot, sec (360 + 0) = 506 0, ‘cose (360 + 0) = 60806 0. 7315 CBSE-P 1 MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES]Table~1 Sine cos tana cotw seco. =sind cost tano coto sect) soa) sino coto tano cosect cost) =sino -cot0 =tano -cosec)) sino | ~coso | —coto| —_—seod =sina| cose coto| seco |__=sino | coso ezie|eroace cost, cotd sect, Angle 0 and 90° ~ 9 are complementary angles, @ and 180° — 0 are supplementary angles = sin(nn + (—1)"0)= sino, net = cos(2nn +6) = cos®, neT = tan(nx + 0)=tan@,ne1 Le. sine of general angle of the form nx + (~1)"0 will have same sign as that of sine of angle @ and so on. The same is true for the respective reciprocal functions. Mustration 15. Prove that sin (~690°) cos (-300°) + cos (750°) sin (240°) = 1. Solution: We have sin (-690" — sin (360° + 330°) = — sin 330° cos (~300°) = cos 300” = cos (360° ~ 60" 4 cos 60° = 8 (2 x 360 + 30)°= cos 30°» sin (2 Hence Mustration 16. Prove that c Solution: We know that cos 7x and cos 2 soos? 3H nee Ilustration 17. Find x from the equation cosec (90° + 6) + x cos 8 cot (90° + 6) = sin (90° + 0) ‘The given equation cosec (90° + 8) + x cos 0 cot (90° + 8) = sin (90° + 0) = sec 0 + x cos 8 (— tan 0) = cos 0 => sec 0-x sin @ = cos 0 2 o Solution: = xsin 0 = sec @— cos 0 => x ae RPE SS a eT OSES1 Iilustration 18. Find the general value of 0 satisfying both sind, and tan0 Solution’ Lotus first find out 0 lying between 0 and 960° Since sin 0 = 210° or 330° and tan0 = = 0= 30° oF 210°, 3 Hence 0 = 210° or a satisfying both the equations Tx = The general value of 0 = (2m + 2), nel v3 Gl nnn 1 Find the value of tan1® tan2”tan3° .... tan89°. 25 + sin? Zoo? = 94 2. Prove that sin’s? + sin’40° +... + sin?90°= 95. 3. if cos 0—sin 9= V2 sin, show that cos 6 + sin @= <2 cos 0. 4, Prove that tan70°= 2 tanso” + tan20", 5. tftano= show that Bsin@—ae0s@ a sind rqc0s6 ~ p? qf 6. Thevalue of e®Hemt nba tna non na E jg (A) 0 (Bye (C) tle IPF None of these 7 tang =—*S!9@ and tang =—YS° then ¥ = =xcos@ yoos6""*" y sing sing (ay Se iD A) Fine one sing sind cy Se 0) ©) Teoso ON =ose 8. 0081°.0082°.c083*...-..008179 (a) 0 (8) 1 (c) 2 Dp) 2 o> 9. (8) 3 (0) 0 EEE Se NEATCompound Angle An angle made up of algebraic sum of two oF more anglos is called compound angle, A, B and Care given angles, then A+B, A—B,A+B4+C,A-B+C, A+B —C ote, are compound angles. The Addition Formulae: O sin(a+ WW. cos (A+B) sin A cos B + cos A sin B 0S A cos 8 = sin Asin B (i). tan (A+B) = $NA + tanB ian tanB Proof: Let the revolving line, starting from OX, describe first ZXOY = A and then proceed further s0 2s 10 describe ZYOZ = B in its position OZ. Then ZXOZ=A +B. lars to OX. Also P and Q are points on OY and OZ such that ZQPO = 90° and PL and QM are perpendiculars Draw PH perpendicular to QM so that ZPQH = A= ZOPH. In AOQM, in(A +b) = OM_QH+PL _QH | PL 0a” 0a * ca ‘oa = QH QP PL OP QP 0a" oP oa and cos(A +8) = OM _OL-LM _ OL HP 0a” 0a Ga_0a _ Ol OP _HP PQ “OP 0a” Pa’ 0a = cosA cosB — sinA sin 08 A sin B+ sin Acos B Fa. Pl OM oH APE op‘ OL Moreover, tan(A +B) = So eH PL PL OL = fan + tanB (shoe Or PH EQ iy similar wianlges HPQ and ort}. 1-tanAtanB OL PL OP sin(AsB) _ sinAcosB +cosAsinB _ tanA+tanB- cos(A+B) cosAcosB-sinAsinB 1-tanAtanB Alternatively: tan(A +B) Subtraction Formulae: (i). sin(A—B) = sin A.cos B — cos A sin B {i c0s(AB) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B tanA-tanB_ (i). tan(A=B)= 5 na tan Proof: Let the revolving line starting from the position OX describe first ZXOY = A and then revolving in the opposite direction describe ZYOZ = B in ts position OZ. Then ZXOZ = A- B. ee [P-2525.CBSE-P1-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES} (EAP SEN an OESLet @ be a point on OZ. From @ draw QM | OX and QP 1 OY. From P draw PH 1 OM ang PLLOX Now -PQH = “POX = A, QPO = 90° and from, AQOM he QM _HM-HQ _PL— sin (A-B)= 60 =~ oq = PL OP _HQ PQ ~ OP 0Q PaO = sin A cos B - cos A sin B wr and cosa = OM _OLLM _ OL 4PH 14 Pa = cos Acos B+ sin Asin B. cos A.cos B+ sin A sin pL_aH pL_QH QM_HM-aH_PL-GH_Oc~OL__OL_OL a—a)= : ao o_o Moreover. @n(A-B)= Ou OLstM~ OLSPH” ,,PH 4, PPL o ‘PL OL From similar triangles QPH and POL OH _PH Pa OL PL OOP PL_pa = tan (A-g)= OL OP __ tanA-tanB PQ PL” 1+tanAtanB" “op OL, Subtraction formulae can also be derived from the addition formulae by writing sin (A ~B) = sin (A + (~B)) = sin A cos (-B) + cos A sin (~B) = sin A cos B - cos Asin B and so on. Some Important Deductions: (@). sin (A+B) sin (A-B)= sin? A— sin? B, (ii). cos (A + B) cos (A—B) = cos” A ~ sin? B (ii). cot (A+B) = SACOB=1 ‘cotB + cot. cotAcotB +1 (cot (A-B) = SE Mlustration 19. Find the values of (a) cos 15° (b) sin 105°. Solution: We know that cos 15° = cos (45 — 30)" = cos 45° + sin as 5° cos 30) ° i ; Pe sin 45° sin 30 2 2 ie 2° 2aAe- Also sin 105° sin (45 + 60)°= sin 45° Cos 60° + cos 45? sin 60% ai} . 22 Mlustration 20. Prove that cos 18° — sin 18° = J> sin 27 ee AES Ca nScos 45° sin 18°) Solution: RHS ay ae) 2 cin (a 18)! > V2 (sin 45° cos 18 cos 18 sin tn” | cos 1a” sin 18" = CHS Mustration 24. 6 21. Prove that tan 70" = 2 tan 50" + tan 200 tan50? + tan20" 4-tan50° tan 20” > tan 70°(1 — tan 50° tan 20°) = tan 50° + tan 20° > tan 70° = tan 70! tan 50" tan 20° + tan 50° + tan 20° Stan 70° = cot 20 tan $0" tn 20° + fan 50” + tan 20°= 2tan 60? +t 207 Solution p We have tan 70” = tan (50° + 20°) Transformation Formulae: (2) __ Transformation of products into sums or differences: (._2sin Acos B = sin (A+B) + sin (A~B) (i). 2.¢0s A sin B = sin (A +B) ~ sin (AB) (il). 2.008 A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A~B) (wv). 2sin A sin B= cos (A -B)—cos (A +B) ‘The above formulae can be easily derived by taking the sum and the difference of the addition and subtraction formulae. (6) Transformation of sums or differences into products: (). sin (A+B) + sin (A-B)= 2 sin A cos B or, — sinC+sinD=2sin 22° (i). sin(A+B) or, sinC~s (i). cos (AB B= zee o, © cos C tee = 260889 ome 5H (iv). cos (A~B)—cos (A * B)=2sinasinB or, cos cos B= 2 sin S22 sin a8 Here A=B=C ond A+8=D=A= £2 andB=P=£. sin(A +B) (v). tanA+tan B= ose Trine Pees (i. sin 2A = 2 sin Acos A (i). cos 2A = cos? A- sin? A= 2.08" A- 1 2sin’ A 2tan A tan 2= (OA tant A (iv). sin A-4 sin’ A = 4 sin (60° ~ A) sin A sin (60° + A) P7375: CBSE-P1 MATHENATICS-TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES](cos 3A= 460s" A-3 cos A = 4.08 (60” A) 08 A 208 (60° + A) StanA tan’ A = tan (60° — A) tan A tan (60° + A). (vi). tan 3A= 1—3tan? A (. We know that sin (A +B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B. Write A = B, so that sin 2A = sin A cos A + cos A sin A= (ii). Since cos (A +B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B, cos (2A) = cos A cos A ~ sin A sin A= cos” A—sin® A. (ii). We write A sin A.cos A. tan A +tanB {tan A tanB tanA+tanA __2tanA Y=tanAtanA 1—tan® A” (iv). Here sin 3A = sin (A + 2A) = sin A cos 2A + cos A sin 2A nA (1-2 sin? A) +2 sin A(1—sin? A) = 3sin A—4 sin” A in A [V3 — 2 sin A] [V3 + 2 sin A] wssnn[ Sana] ean] sin A (sin? 60" sin? A) sin (60° — A) sin A sin (60° + A). (V). Here cos 3A = cos (A+ 2A) = cos A cos 2A ~ sin A sin 24 = cos A (2.c0s* A- 1) ~2 cos A (1 - cos" A) = 4 cos" A~3 cos A 2)lor3) = 4cosA|cosA-~=|| cos A += 2 2 tan (A+B) and get tan 2A = 4.008 A (cos? A-~ sin? 60°) cos (60° — A) cos A cos (60° + A). tanA + tan2A Also ten 3A = Wi). a tan A tan2A tana + 21000 . . fan? A__tanA-tan?A+2tanA _3tanA~tan?A totana 210A” 4-tan® A -2tan? A 1-3tan? A” = tan? A Illustration 22, If A + B= 45°, show that (1+ tanA) (1+ tanB) = 2, tanA + tanB 1-tanAtanB |” tanA + tanB + tanA tanB + 1= 141 oF tan (1+ tanB) + (1+ tanB) = 2 oF 1+ tan) (1+ tanB) = Solution: Since tan(A +B) = Mustration 23. Find the values of (i) sin 18°, (i) tan 15° Solution: (i) Let @= 18°. Then 20 = 36° = 90° Now sin20 = 2sin0 cost and sin(90° — 30) = cos30 = 4cos"0 — 3cos0, Ea TR Pawns * — 54° = 90° — 39,CR Hence we have 2sin0 cos@ = cos@ (4cos*@ - 3) = cos0 (1 ~ 4sin“®) OF 2 sind = 4 —4sin’o (as cos0 + 0) = 4sin®0 + 2sin0—1=0 => sino= Since sind > 0, we have sino (ii) Let 0 = 15° > 20 = 30°, 2tano 1 Since tan20 = "209 _ tangoe =, 1 tan? 0 3 tan’9 + 2V3 tand—1= 0 tand = 2+ Via+4 _-213 44 __ ia 2 2 For tand > 0, we ignore negative value and get tané = 2—V3 i.e. tan15° = 2-13. Alternative solution: B-1_ (8-1) 4-289. tan 15° = tan (60° — 45°) t4V3 0 3-1 2 i = Sinaasiny Mustration 24 Wa, rand y arein AP. show that cotp= Soe — =U aty Solution: Since a, Band y are in AP., 28 = a + y= cotf = cot “= Mustration 25. Show thet 48" sins? = » 16, Solutions Lis ee" Janes« ons ange - Sang] +{200: -sin54°] = 4 [sin90° + sin48°— sin64°] [1-(sins4°—sin18°)] = 11 -25in18° cose] af 4 af, -2sin18" Aya ‘| cos 18" cos 36" costs [ ]al-sSie) aT a]-t-ms 4 200818" 4 2 Alternative Method Lete = 12° LHS. sin12° sin 48" sin72" sina” sin72 1 sin3(12°)sin54°__sin36" sin54”__ 4 sin72" aS sin36° cos 361 ‘Show that cot ( + x Joo Given 3 tana tang = 1, show that 2cos(« + B) = cos( «.—P). 79 +4c0s(0 + a) sina. sind + cos2( 0 + a) is independent of 8. 3. Prove that 2sin 4, If tand = bia, then find the value of acos20 + bsin20. 5. tan20° + tan40° + V3 tan20°tan40° = 1 (A) Te 6) 8 @) B ) (C) - 0) 3 ©) B ) 6 A+B =225% then SACO = TrootA 1+ 0018 1 (8) -1 (cc) 0 Sb) 112 7. The value of sin47° +sin61°-sin11°—sin25° = (A) sin36° (8) cos36° (C) sin7° ) cos? 8. If sin(0+a)=a and sin(o +B) = 4abeos(a—B) is equal to (A) 1-2? -b? 12a? 20? 2a? -b? (C) 2+a? +b? (ii), tan A= (wv). sinA=asin ® —4.in8 (v). wi. eee ee NATtvtesina dt ame A are vt sin are a Le cervise A or sin — cos. nA Sn av + it anny « Solution: LHS Solution: We have sino7 + + 000673) = vie sin96° = fat =1 lane (0) v2 2 fy 7 7 135°. 5° 9) and siné7 + = cos67 3 = Vizsint35® (because 45° < 67> < 135°) 2 = a-ak 2) From (1) and (2), we get anor = 1 Jari + a=202] ana coser 3" if favale —Va-28]. A Find the value of c0s22(1/2). 2 tan $= JE 8 tan 27 Vive ’ cose +, prove that cosh = , 2'P Tec0s0 3. Prove that (cosa ~ cosp)* + (sina — sing? = int (© *) inlae2® 4x 4, Provethat sina + sinfa+2%) + sin(a+4® vem: ae( 28) an (2488) <0 5. The value of cos15°-sin15°is equal to 1 w) 4 (A) a (8) 2 1 ©) - 0) 0 6. sin12°sin4a°sing4° = (A) 116 (©) 18 (8) 132 (0) 14 2 ESSA DE? NTITIES| — -ES 7. Wtanx=® then £ uF a ab 2sinx ay 28 onax 2cosx c © Tenax A+sinx + i=sinx 8. Viv sinx — Aaa = (When x ties in I" quadrant) Sis sink —Msing (hen es in I quadrant (A) sin® (a) sing x JB) tan (©) secs x (0) cosec% ‘trigonometric equation is an identi be established by ty i itis true for all values of the angles involved. A giver vy reducing either expression, or an tty may Side equal to the other one, or reducing each side to the same ¥ corwenient modification of these. (2) _For any angles A, B, c: sin(A+B4C)= 00s (A+B 40 inA cosB cosC + ‘COSA sinB cosC + cos cosB sinC ~ sinA. ‘sinB sinc COSA cosB cosC- cosA sinB ‘sinC - sin cosB sinC tan (AvBecj nAtanBotansanA ia ane ‘Mian tan-an BlanC-lanA tng cot (A+B+C)=_SOtACOIBICOIC-cotA-cotB-colc —COACOIBCOIC-COtA-cotB-cotG OIA CoIB + cot BeolC + cotA cota = sin sinB cosC (6) A,B, Care the angles of a triangle (or A+B +6 = 5 ), thes 3 SRACOSB cosC + cosA sinB cosC + cosA cos® sinG = sin vin sinc T_ OSASINB sinc + sinA cosB sinc + sind sinB cost = 4 + cosh enets osc. = tanA + tanB + tanC = tan tanB tanc COLB CofC + colC cotA + cotA cotB = 1 BtonSatanCtanAas A,B ns tanS stan © tan stan’ tan Bay tans tan tans tan tan tn 8 Ac Pen® 8 A coco ® 2 poet zoatD SIN2A + sin2B + sin2C = dsinA sinB sinc © cos2A + cos2B + cos2c c0s°A + cosB + cos'c A c cot Hoot +00 ~1-4008A cosB cost = 2c0sA cosB cose SiNA + sinB + sinc = cos con cos A ginB ein = 14 Asin sin gin & sin sinS sin COSA + cOsB +cosc Mustration 29, F, B and C ae the anges of a triangle, show thot tan? A stan? 8 ston? © 54, 2 2 2 SEES DESSolution: — Weave ® 8, © ®, so that 2'2'2 2 tan tan® tan 4 tan 7 GS i aed 2 22) 4 tanMtan tan “sin2A+sin2B+SiN2C_- geos A/2 cosB/2 cosC/2. IMlustration 30. IfA +B + C= x, prove that — a os 4 cos -1 — 2sinCcosC Sotetion: Lins, = 2an(A+B)ena(A=B)+2EnCTEE - 2sin(x—C)cos(A~8) +2sincos(x—(A+B)) Cc ~2sinEsin{ 2-2 sing in 2sinZcos$(c0s(A~B)-co8(A +8) 2h 50s Alternative Method: Using directly the corresponding formulae, we AsinAsinBsinC _ 3 cA coe8 sen Bon® one = Boos 00s 500 Zea zu? Illustration 31. Find the maximum and minimum values of a cos0 + b sin®. Solution: Let a=rcosa, b =r sina so that a? +b? = 7 sore va? +b? ‘Also a cos0 +b sind = (cos cosa. + sind sina) = r cos(0 ~ a). Now the maximum value of cos(0 — a) is 4 and minimum value is ~1. Hence -r is @ 3 8) 343 o 2 © nS & ESSE ee SSic. Since sin (2x +X) = Sin x, 009 (2x * X) = cos x, are perio’ ig 2x whore as the period of tangent We have seen that all trigonometric function and tan (# # x) = tan x, the period of sine and cosine functions . cos ax is 2" and that of tam a8 a function is x. Moreover, period of sin ax or Illustration 33. Draw the graph of y = sin x it is sufficient to sketch its graph only tor period 2m, eating it over the intervals of length 2n, We Solution: ‘Since sin x is periodic with 0 a a Exercise — 3 ae a 5. B 6 D 7D 8 B Exercise - 4 1 1. ov2+ V2 a A 6 ¢ B 8 B Exercise ~5 3. minimum = -25, maximum = 25 5 -D 6c 7 3 8 A Miscellaneous Exercise 63 op 20 9 B WA 13. ¢ 15. B Ere ESEn Pea Problem 1. Solution: Problem 2. Solution: Problem 3. Solution: A+B _ M41) 8 If'cosA = m cosB, then prove that col =~ = 7,4!" We have cosA = m cos cosA_m _, cosA+cosB mit = cosB 1 Let A+2B=" or 2 an 2 Given that tan“0(c + a) -2btand + ¢-a = 0. “ This has tana and tanf} as its roots. tana +tanp = 2 tanatanp = (S (era) © Problem 7, Fora @in(0, 2/2), show that cos(sin 0) > sin (cos ) Solution: We have cos0'+ sind = v2|-t.cos0+ in| 2 ~s2[ cos Fens0s sing sno : eos(-4) 2 in = 0050 + sind s V2 < 5 = cos < = sin(cos®) < sin(5 =sin 0) = sin(cos8) < cos(siné) = cos(sind) > sin(cos0). Alternative: For 0sinx. a Replace x by cos © => cosé 2 sin(cos0). Take cosine of both sides of (1) and write 0 for x = cost < cos(sin8). Hence sin(cos8) < cos(siné. Problem &. Find the smallest positive number p for which the equation ‘cos (p sin x) = sin (p cos x) has a solution x « [0, 2) Solution: We have cos (p sin x)= sin (p cos x) Ee an( zee) in(pcosx) u psinx =pcosx > © =poosx tpsinx = osx sn a ae cos x ist cosxs Linx) 7375-CBSE-P1-MATHEMATICS-TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENTITIES] CS « solutions, then prove thatProblem 9, Solution: Problem 10. Solution: 22 Let cosA + cosB + cosC = 3/2 in a triangle ABC. Show that the triangle is equilateral. Ia triangle A+B8+C= x = ©08h + c088 + cosc = 2 cos “= cos ABs cosc = 3 x _C¢ => 2cos| =~ ooe( 5 $ os 2 2 c ic 4sin? & — gsin& Asi? ~ sin cos Now sin(C/2) is real 2A-B = 16 cos’ ~1620 008? AB 430 0 2A-B cost A-B _, = eos? SF = A=B (2) Similarly it can be shown that B = C, C= A. Hence the triangle is equilateral. Prove that 1 + cotd scot2. for 0< 0 x Find Ownen vty sign holds 2tan& cot? 84 Since tang = ——2- 7 2 2cot! tary cots Now 1 + cot 0 cot? ~oot $ 200t8 + cot? =—2 22. 5 $0 foro given expression > 6 and = 6 when A= B= C. (AM > GM) Problem 14. Consider the expression 3°°°* 5 3°°"*. Find the minimum value. Solution: 3""* and 3°"* are positive numbers . And A.M. > G.M. en gooet on a lamer yy = aes 4 30 > 2.34 = 2.3 Alternate: Clearly the equality (1) holds for 3%°* = 30"* = sin® x = cos® yp 20(@+B=7)_tany tan(a—ry) tanp Problem 15. + prove that sin2a + sin2js+ sindy Solution: The given equation may be written as. (a+ B-y)cos(a-B+y) _ sinycosp sin(a—B+y)eos(a+B-y) — sinBoosy \yc0sB sin2a—sin(28-2y) sinBoosp Using compodendo dividendo, we get 20 yeosB+sinpeosy _ sin(B+y) 3in(2B—2y) _ sinycosB—sinBcosy — sin( y-B)” sin2a sin(B+y) = 2sin(B—y)cos(P—y) _sin(y—P) = sin2a +2 sin(B +1) cos (By S sin2a+ sin2B + sin2y=0 = 0 Prove that the expression cos"@ + cos’(a + @) ~ 2cosacosécos(a + 6) is independent of 0 Problem 16. and also find the maximum value of the expression. cos’e + cos%(a + 0) - {cos(o. + 0) + cos(a = 6)} costa + 8) ‘c0s’0 + cos*(a + 8) — cos(a. + 8) — (cosa ~ sin*0) cos’0 — cos’. + sin Solution: 1 =» Maximum value = 1 EEE Sere NOSESEn Problem 17. Solution: Problem 18. Solution: Ila sind + b cos0 = a cosoc 0- b sect) =1, prove that a” +b” = 1+ b”7— b™. Here a sind # b cost = 1 a acosec 0) b sec = 1 ab sind cos0 > acos 0b sind = sin cos 0 (2) Squaring and adding (1) and (2), we get a? + b°= 1 + sin’0 cos’ oof3) Multiplying (1) by cos0, and (2) by sind and subtracting, we get b= cost (1 ~sin’e) => b= cos"8 => cos0 = b"". sin’ = 1-098" J From (3), at + b= 1+ (1 —b®p?? sat b?=1+b?— IF (Gin a - cos a tan 6) see 0 = q tan 8 sec (x - 0) thon prove that 0 = 2 cor q+ pcos2a psin2a, P sin6.cos0 sin20 @ sinfa—0)cos(a—0) — sin(2a— 26) 4+ 9_ 2sinacos(20- a) P sin29 29 - cot20c080+ sina (p+a) )eeeal [Be sina) J = cor" (aeeensae } 2psina psin2a.Objective: oe A EY True / False Problem 1. [fin ABC sin’A + sin’B + sin°C = 2, then the triangle is always right angled. Above statement is true or false. Solution: True sin’A + sin?B + sin’C sin?A + sin?B - 1 + sin’ - 1=0 sin’A — cos’B — cos*C = 0 2cosAcosBcosC = 0 = either A = 90° or B = 90° or C = 90° Problem 2. If the sides of a right angled triangle are in G.P then the cosines of the acute angles of the triangle are 2-1, W5=1, 2 2 Solution: False a, b, care in G,P = b’= ac A and? = a’ + b® as 5 Bo a c (Bis acute) Problem 3. Solution: = \2(1- cos 26) 5 x re =2| sind |= 2sin0 as 5 a sin B = sin y and y> 6 sin y = sin 6 and 5 > y. Putting these values in the given expansion, we have given expression =2[ sind + cos) aviv aina = 200K. live sngles Problem 12. Let be an odd integer. If sin nd DP sin 0, for every value of @, then (A) bo= 0, b= (8) bo= 1, b= 3 (C) by =—1, (0) none of these Solution: = EE SENT Penson both sides, we get bo = 0. Sb, sino Making 0->0, we get n= Numerical Based ual to Problem 13. If 3sin@ + Scos0 = 5, then the value of Ssind— 3cosd is eat Solution: 3 a Beno = 9(1— eos) = 5 202 etmnne as aan’ Ssin0 — 3cos = 5x a 1+ tan? = 2 2 ax(t- 8 ee led), a FT 25 25 Problem 14. if sind = 3sin(8+ 2a), then the value of tan (0+ a) + 2tancc is Solution: 0 Given that sin @ = sin (8 + 20) -> sin (0+ a~ a) = 3sin (0+a+ a) = sin (0 +a)cosa -cos(0 + «) sina. =2sin (0 + a) cosa + 3c0s (8 + a) sina = sin (0 + @) cosa = 4cos (8 + sx) sinc = ~sin@+a)_ 2 cos(0+a) cosa Problem 15. if sina sing - cosa cosp + 4 = 6, ix fie value of cote: tanp is Solution: = 4 Given sina sinB ~ cosa. cosfs + 1 = 9 = 00s(a + B)=1 = sin(a + fi) = = Sina. cos + cosa sinf = 0 => cota. tan = Problem 16. It in a triangle ABC, ZC =90°, then the maximum value of sina sinB is Solution: 9.50 Sind sinB = 1 2sin Asin = Cos(A-B)—cos(A +B)] 1 = leosta ~B)-cos90°) 1 cos(A—B) < ~ (A-B) 2 = Maximum value of sina sing = 1. 2 a STS RATIOS & IDENTITIES]CS ——“(iss—ssee EARL V5 OGIO MCQ Single Correct Problem 17. If sina, sinj sa. 7 vs ee and cosa are in G.P, then roots of the equation x* + 2x cot f+ 1 = 0 (A) equal (8) real (C) imaginary (0) greater than 1 Solution: — B 1a, sinp, cosa are in G.P. = sin’B = sina cosa. = 00828 = 1-sin2a >0 Now, the discriminant of the given equation is Avot’ — 4 = 4 cos2p - cosec’p > 0 = Roots are always real. Problem 18. If S=cos?= + cos? 2% 4 4 cos? =U then $ equals n n : nn n a z wins) 8) 5(n-1) 1 n (©) F(n-2) OF Solution: ¢ $= cos’ + cos? n 7 1 2n {avcos2® 41+ 009° : al* a A . =f S| Nn=2) Problem 19. If ina triangle ABC, sin’A + sin*S + sin’C = 2, then the triangle is always (A) isosceles triangle (B) right angled (C) acute angled (0) obtuse angled Solution: B sin’A + sin? B + sin’°C =2 => sin?A —cos’B + sin'C = 1 or sin?C -(cos’B-sin’A)=1 or = cos(B + A) cos(® — A) = cos c B — A) = cos Beenea ie ° w2 or B-A=£C> B=al2 or A= nl Problem 20, Let k= 1° then 2 sin2k + 4 sink + 6 sin6k + ... + 180 sin180k is equal 0 (8) 90tan89° (A) 90cosk " (C) 90 tank (0) 90c0189: Solution: BB Ee erea 48 178 Sint 78 nt76" +... +2 sin2 178 sin 78° + 174 o(sin2" + sind ++ int 78") «99, 889° sy = 90. ‘sin(90°) = 90tan89". sint” Problem 21. ifs A, B, Cs mand A+B + C= than the minimum value of sin3A + sin3B + sin3C “2 8) ee (oo (0) none of these ‘Solution: A Let y= sin3A + sin3B + sin3C for sin3A to be non positive we have 2n<3A<3n=3 2 allof sin3A, sin3B, sin3C can't be negative. =-1=5A= i = sin3A = —1, sin3B =— 1 and sin3C = is possible Let us take sin3A = the minimum value is — 2. MCQ Multi Correct fina ABC. sinC +cosC + sin(2B +C)—cos(2B+C) = 2V2, then ABC is Problem 22. (A) equilateral (8) isosceles (C) right angled (0) obtuse angled Solution: B,C We have wi o0(28+C)]= 248 sinC+cosC+sin(2B-+C)~cos(: = [sin(2B +0)+sinC]+[ cose = sin(180°-A)cosB +-sin( 180 = sinA(cosB +sin8) = v2 = sina Joeos8+ 5 8) = sinAs(Z+8) =1 itis possible only when sina =18:in( 4 +8) ZA =90° & 2B = 45° then 2C = 45° Problem 23. If sin22.5° =? then 2- (A) 2-W2 af (0) <5 ‘Solution: c,D aE ASProblem 24. Solution: Assertion | Reasoning (A) (8) (c) (0) Problem 25. Solution: sin22.5° = For a positive integer n, lot f,(0)= tar( 5) t+ seco + sec(20)][1+ se0(40)]. “@ (35 )- 16 © (&) A,B,C,D e _ sin(0/2) 2cos?(0/2} ta 3 }(t+se00) = S001) Zone" (6/2) = 2sin(@/2)cos(0/2) _ sin cos@ cosa = 13"? Repeating this process again and again, we get f,(8) = tan(2"e) (1) This => (A) f,{)= 2 | tan =) = ols) ig) m(3) B) t,()=tan{ 2°. ) = tan(2)— ©) 6) -tan(22)-tn(2)-1 Statement-1 is True, Stats correct explanation for ‘Statement—1 Statement-1 is True, Statement 2 js quer Sein NOY @ Statement—1 Statement —1 is True, Stat Statement —1 is False, Sta’ ‘ot explanation for 5° then the maximum value of tan A.tanB is 3 tanA + tanB. ~tanA.tanB” Statement-t: If A >0,8>OandA+i Statement ~ 2:tan(A +B) = ; ‘None of the angles A, B and (A+B) should be an odd multiple of 7 D Using maximisation principle for symmetrical functions the value of tanA.tanB will be maximum when A =B. So; For A= B= , the maximum value of tanA.tanB will be ; Beer Se OSSma Problem 26. Statement ~ 1: The value of lies in [4,10] 5cos0 1 3cos(01 "| 43 seo 3en(0+*) Statement 2: The value of (acosx + bsinx 1) lies in (C-Va? +b” , C+ Va? +b Solution: A Scos0+ aeoe(o2}+3 38 =8c0s0+3coso~3¥3 sino +3 2 2 The value les between lat 7 ohY ; 7 3-2 +{-23) and 3+ ey (28 \@ 2 2 2 ile -4 and 10 Both statements | and Il are true and statement Ilis a correct explanation of statement Comprehension —1 ITA + B +C=180", then () sin2A + sin28 + sin2c = sin A sin B sin C (i) 082A + cos28-+ 00820 = 4008 cos 80s A cos®coe® +00826 = 4008cos Boos ® (ill) cos 2A + cos 2B + cos: }eos 5 008 2 2 (vy) cosA + cosB + cosC =144sin sin sin B (v) tanA+tanB+tanC =tanAtanBtanc (ui) cotBeotC +cotCcot A +cotAcot® = + A cotBeot® cot cot tA + cotBeat© = cot cotScor& (ui) cot + cot cot 5 = cot cot cot S Problem 27. _ If tan A + tan B * tanC= tan A. tan B. tan C, then (A) ABC, must be angles of a triangle (8) The sum f any two of A, B ,C of equal to the third. (C) A+B + C must be an integral multiple of x (0) None of these. Solution: A tan(A+B4c) - 14nA+tanB +tanC —tanAtanBtanc 1-tanAtanB - tanBtanC—tanCtanA A+B4C=nn Problem 28. In @ triangle ABC, whose angles are acute and +ve such that AtB+C A Boo tA cot cot S =k, then gD (A) Ks3 (8) Ks3V3 (0) K23V3 (0) none of these. EEE SSE =n and G A Bs cot © cot scot 210k +eot ALB oC > (cot cotBeot® K23K" > K?3 235K? 227 aksa8 Problem 28. If A, B, C are acute positive angles such that A +B +C = 1 and cot A cot B cot C= K, then a“ Ks (@) « @) Kear @ () KG.M, tana +tanB + tanc 3 = tanA +tanB+tanC >3(tanAtanB tan)" = (lanAtanBtanC)> 3(tanAtanBtanc)"* = (tanAtanBtanC)’ > 3(tanA tanBtanC)"(by(1)) ct) >(tanA tanB tanC)"* = (tanAtanBC)’ > 27(tanAtanBtanc) = (lan A tanBtanC}? > 27 = tanAtanBtanC > 3V3- 2 cotAcotBcotC Comprehension - It %. y, 2 are respectively the sines and p, q, rare respectively cosines of the angles a, ji, y Which are in AP wi conn itera °* EPR Ee Ne EATSa Problem 30. x+y +zisequal to (Ayo (B) 1 (C)ptqer (0) none of these Solution: A, xty¢2=aina sina 2); sin(as At) coo Boo) wn 2008) a(o3) similarly, p +q+r=0. Problem 31. _yz+2x+ xy is equal to @p+qer @xty+z 3 =) -F O-5 Solution; yesacsays ssa 2) oso 22)(a 48) (+4) » eG) sm som( cece Soc) ae) . if -+(ecosancos(£) conan) Comprehension — Ii Consider the given expression L. = 28° Po =e! Pos" a-enstacostB cos" acos* f~ cos" « fos" acos® B +cos* acos® p where, a B=, n et Problem 32. Number of solution of sind=Lis____ Proton 3 Themnimam aot [+1] wa got nen Solution: 5 32.-33, Let, a = tan’ a and b = tan’ B then expression is E 7 iab20 ated APSE Se Ne a eAa7 veces Matrix Match Type Problem 34. Solution: Match the following: ) s(xsin0) then the value of | (1) | 0 Q) . ne (2) |} 4 Oly tan(xcos0)=cot(rsino),0.<0< 3" then i) _[ se"(0§) at —__| ®) The value or [sn 0 c08* 01 in? 20| is 4 |__| 2a (3) | tne vue of [oos82" +e0s68" veosi7@]s | | 4 a Codes: P Q R s @ 4 3 4 2 @® 3 4 7 2 © 3 4 2 4 © 4 3 2 4 c ©) [E+xsino) \2 xcos0 == + asin0 r)_1 cos{o+ =) ~_1_ (3a (Q) tan(xcos0) = cot(nsin9) = tan} x(cos0 + sind) = = cos + sino = + “2 x)_1 a(g,®)_1 =) = = sin?(a4+2)=4 wld) deom(rt) (R) sin? o+cos?0=1 2 29)° = (sin? 0 +05?) = sin® 0+cos* 0 + 3sin?0.c0s?0,(1) = sin? 0+ 008" 0+ 3 sin? 20-1 (S) cos52° +cos68° + cos172° = 2¢08112" cos60° + cos68° = cos112" +cos68° = 2c0s90°.cos 22° - 0 RPE ETON oY OATESProblem 35. 1A. A+. «thon match the foun egal mil aaag, (p) 92 Ay cos AH c08 608 ( i @ --3 (6) sin ain an’ | 160) NeosAcosb 1 costco 1 608 oO ~% ho « (s) | (0) cos A cos B cos C Somtion, (A) > p. a5 (B) > 83 (C) > pi (D) 9S (A). cos + cosB + cosC becomes ~ 3 for A= ‘80 cosA + cosB + cosC 2 —3 and using y = cosA + cosB + cosC 2c 3 weget ys >- (B). Also, cosA + cosB + cosC = 1 + Asin’ sinBsing Ag BoC o1 s-is BeinG ct 1s sin sin5sing <5 3 HeosAcosb +c0sBcosC-+cosCoosA) <5 equality holds when all of cosA, cose (c). cosC are ~ 1 (D). cosA cosB cosC >= 1 {when all of cosA, cosB, cosC are — 1). Numerical Based Problem 36. If sin® B(o<0<5) and cos = “3(x } then 65sin(8+ ¢)+60 equals; Solution: 4 sin(0+$)=sind.cos¢ + cos 0sing 22,354 88 13,5 13 5 65 65sin(0+§ Problem 37. Ita and B lie between 0 and such that cos(a +B) -< and sin(a) 3 then the value of (65sin2a~56) is Solution: 0 sin2a = sin (a +B)+(a-B)] 54 12,3 56 1375 "10°5 65 65sin2a - 56 =0 —————————— TE Eee EN aE WNProblem 38. Solution Problem 39. Solution: Problem 40, Solution: Decimal Type Problem 41. Solution: = IFA + B = 90° where A, B R’, let maximum value of sinA + sinB is equal to t, then f° is 2 SOA EH cosa cosx Vx eR, Letx = - = siny> 1 (siny=1) = 1+ sinx 2 cos a cos x = 008 a cos x~sinx <1 = Voos?a+1=1 = cosa Determine the smallest positive value of x (in degree) for which tan(x + 1009 = tan(x + 504 tanx tan(x ~ 509 30.00 tan(x + 100°) = tan(x + 50°) tanx tan(x ~ 50% tan(x+100°) tan(x-+50°)t Tan(x=0p) = an(e+ 80 )tame sin(x+100" }cos(x-50°) _sin(x+50°)sinx c0s(x+ 100° sin(x—50") ~ cos(x+50° oosx sin(2x+50°)+sin160° _ cos50°—cos(2x-+50°) sin(2x +50°)—sin150° cos(2x-+50°) +cos50" ESSE Ee a eSUse componendo and dividendo sin(2x 150°) cos” sin160" —cos(2x 1 50") cosh" + 2 sin(2x + 50°) cos(2x + 50°) = 0 cos50° + sin(4x + 100" ‘cosh0" + cos(4x + 10°) = 0 cos(2x + 30°) cos(2x ~ 20°) = 0 so x= 30°, 55° Hence the smallest value of x = 30°. We get Problem 42, a= a ‘and cosa cos2a cos3a ... c0s999a = ;-, then logek = Solution: 999.00 J = cosa cos2a cassa ..cos989 let p= sina sin2a ... sing99a Se ae = (2sina cosa)(2sin2a cos2a)...(2c0s999a sin999a) 2 = sinza sinda ... sin1998a => (sin2a sinda ... sin1998a}(sind9 2 =k sing97a ... sina) = (sin2a sinda....sin998a)(-sin(2x — 1000a))(~sin(2x — 1002a)) ... (~sin(2n — 1998a) ee ESSELV PROBLEMS ‘Subjective: 4. Find the maximum and minimum value of sin? x + 4cos 2x, forx < R: int ®cint yaint O% 4 sint 7% 23 2 Prove that sin’ ie eo" 768 4672" 3. Find the value of cos? T= EEE 140080 <4 for atte, 2esind © 3 4, Prove that 0.< 5, tan20°tan40°tan60°tan60° = Objective: — MCQ Single Correct 1. sito HN yore x y eR, gives real 9 itand only Any (ayxty=0 (8) x=y (C) l= Il #0 {D) none of these A GB cog AtB . Then a—bis equal to 2. Leta =c0sA + cos® ~ cos(A +B) and b = 4 sin. sin. cos (At (8) 0 (© -1 {D) none of these 3. If 3.sin® + 4 cos0 = 5, then 4 sind ~ 3c0s8 is equal to (a) 0 (8)5 (cy (D) none of these 4. If in ABC ZC = 90°, then the maximum value of sin A sin B is (ay 12 8) (cj2 (0) 3/4 5. flies in fourth quadrant, then \/4cos* 0+ sin® 20 + 4cos? (g + 5) is equal to (At (B)2 (C)2 (0)0 6 If (a+p-+y+8) =x then Scos « cos fs -Esin a sin B = (Aya (B)2 (Co (2) none of these os (EEE SEE Sea a SESmoors secyis, x¥° (03) a Ifx + y = 2c then minimum value of (A) 2.cos wr (B) cos 20 (C) 2 sec (0) none of these 8. tar tan20" 4tanso" ayt (ey 12 (1 (0) 12 ©. thratiangle ABC maximum value of sin A + sin B+ sin GIS 33 2v3 (A) —— (B) <— “ws as A (©) v3 o8 MCQ Multi Correct If A lies in the second quadrant and 3tan wo 53 10 1 A) 7 ©) a9 2, tanSxtan3xtan2x = (A) tanSx-~tan3x—tan2x (co 3. cosasenel : evan or aee) 4 If sina =1/ v5 and sinp =3/5.t (A) [0.7/4] (C) Bx/4.x] Numerical Based 1 ssin50° - sin70° + sin10° = 2. ASB =3.then (1+ tan a)(t++tanB) = TES RE ear ea ‘A+4~=0, the value of 2cotA~Sc0s A +sinAis equa 7 70 23 10 (8) (0) sindx—sin3x-sin2x (s) ) Gos5x—cos3x— 0s 2x ‘None of these (8) 2cot” (0) None of these then fp lies in the interval (8) [x/230/ 4] (D) [x.5x/4] <al ——_—_—_—_ Subjective: _ ee 3 1, Find the values of T, where T = S2t0= £05260 ang gies in the second quadrant with sind = — sec 0+ tand tanA+secA-1_1+sinA qj oot0+c0sec0 -1 Prove that (a SECA g0t0'+ cos 260 = 1 _ cosecd + coto ts tana-secA +1” cosa" coto-cosecd1 3 4 Iftanx ~ (a0), y=acos? x +2bsinxcosx +esin® x, z=asin? x -2bsinxcos x +¢cos* x , prove that yz = a—<. 5 If cosa=-3 and sinp=--5, and a lies in the third quadrant and plies in the fourth quadrant, find tan(a +B), cot(a~B). 6 Show that V3cosec20°- sec 20 7. Prove that ( sin) (14 sin V(++sin 2) (14 sin 22 8 3 BK 8 soa ono? 8. Find the value of eB 2? hq nn 2 oo tan" 8. Find the minimum value of the expression 10. ifsinx + siny + sinz=3; x, y, z € [0, 2, then show that (a) tyr D ye Ke0 3 () e+y-2= = 11. Prove that sin* 16 12 Prove that sin 20° sin 40° sin 80 Ere SSN RATS(mon) Wo tan Qa") = tan (04 120°), show that cos20= 7) Prove that 2 sinA cos’A - 2si 1 "A cosh = | sinaA, 'A.cosh = 5 ino + sin20 14 cos+ cos 20 5. Prove that = tan 16. Prove that 1+cos56" + cos58" ~ cos66" = 4cos28” cos29°sin33”. 17. Prove that 2cosx — cos3x ~ cos5x = 16c0s"x sin’x. 18. Prove that sin + siné 9 ¢sint © + sin¢ 2% =3/2 a" sg 3 19. The value of sin#5* + sin?10° +-sin?15° ++ sin? 5° + sin? 90° is equal to 20. Ww 2 etd the following passage and answer the questions that follow 1 LAG eect the snes and, ,r ate respecvely cosines of the angels, By which arin AP ‘omen diterence 2. 2 yee ze+xyis equalto pratt (@)xty+z (o)-3 o-2 4 Yale of x2 (ay ~ r2) + y? (rz ~ px) +2? (px — gy) is equal to (Ajo (B)xty+z ©)peqer (0) af ZEEE EE ea SESSlow Read the followi ,ad the following passage and answer the questions that foll 4 and sind sinB sinc = 3+¥3 s A, .B, C are the angles of a given triangle ABC. If cos casB cos = then 5. The value of tan + tanB + tanC is + (ay 3s B-1 6-v3 3-1 fe of tanA tanB + tanB tan + tanC tanA (c) is (ay5-4N3 (5+ 4y8 (6+ 3 (06-5 6 The valu MATCH LIST TYPE te choice question. This question has matching lists. This section contains 1 multip! Fa eee onoines (A). (B) (C) and (D) out of which ONLY [ONE is correct. e angles A, B, Care in AP ‘The codes for the a tight angled triangle at C and th “sin 2B + sin 2C B+ sin GAB atc ¥ cot cot A+ Codes : p oa oR § ws 2 1 3 @® 4 3 2 ¢ © 3 4 2 § o 4 1 2 & MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE lumns which have to be matched. St 1.) in column | tatements (A. B.C. ements given in two col jatoments( Each question contains stat hhave to be matched with jcosC + cosC ‘cosA)gcse} Answer questions 1, 2 and 3 by approy following table. IPpropri Colu - ma CoO Come MATCHING TYPE lately matching the information given in the three columns of the 0 : nx (1+ tan® x) ' oO | P= tor atvalves of «<2 4 | “ f)= 508% +308 (x+Z)+3 o ) 3 jy 4 @ 2 for all values of x (Uf) = sin® x + cos" x for all values of x @ Raa) (ta) ene ceo $ + nex] o » le 2 | for all values of x 4 | +. Which of the following option is the correct combination? (A) () (iit) (Q) (B) (HH) (iv) (R) (C) dill) (i) (S). (D) (IY) ii) (P) 2. Which of the following options is the only correct combination? (A) (D) Gil) (R) (8) (It) Gili) (Q) (©) ay) (iv) (S) DVM OR) 3. Which of the following options is the only incorrect combination? (A) (1) ili) (Q) (B) (il) (iv) (P) (C) (uit) Gil) (S) (0) (IV) OS) MATCH LIST TYPE FOUR options are given representing matching of elements from LIST - I and LIST - Il, ONLY ONE of these four options corresponds to a correct matching. 1. Match the followir tan100° + tan 125° + tan100" tan 125 Q. | cos"40° — cos10°.cos50° + cos’50 273 4 R. | tan20".tan80".cot50" = si 2 5. 2( 7m 4 | vB ain) sin? (=). sin? (3) + sin (2) = ° | 34 ee 2 ] The correct option is . Sarna B)P-+3;0>4;R> A)P+ GQ RIBS E (pasar aR ast (C)P+5;Q42;R> TS TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS & IDENT ISS eeEn = — ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE This question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) and STATEMENT.2 (Reason). Option (A) if both the statements are. TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is the correct explanation oy STATEMENT-1 Option (8) if both the statements are TRUE but STATEMENT-2 is NOT the correct explanation STATEMENT- 1 Option (C) if STATEMENT-1 is TRUE and STATEMENT-2 is FALSE. Option (D)__if STATEMENT-1 is FALSE and STATEMENT-2 is TRUE. 1. STATEMENT-1; IFA, B, C are the angles ofa triangle such that angle Ais obtuse then tan BtanC> 1. because + tanc STATEMENT-2 In any tiangle tan A= ‘26+ tan tanBtanC -1 MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT 1. feos 28° + sin28° = k°, then cost7° is equal to 2 ay A) a we of th (c) Ko (D) none of these (c) B ( 3x 2 Fca+2sind s3sin® asin np 2sin; +3sin + 4sing is HA) = ink + cosax is periodic then ais PEPE SEE a Na ASSfoo | — C=: KE CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS Subjective: Se 1 minimum value is ~ 3 and maximum value is 4 * meee a 2 Objective: MCQ Single Correct 1 ¢ A a 8 A 6 6 6c c . aA McQ Multi Correct 40 2 AC 3 8¢ 4. AC Numerical Based Bu 2 2keow ——eeeaaaQrS cs ante ESSE ae oe a4 ale a 4 S56" 63 2 19, (4/2) 20. -1-cote 3 a 3 21. 200830 3 23, 400828°cos29° sin33° 24. <4 25, @= 45° 1B 2A 3B 48 5A & B 7 ¢ aA °C 10. D 1A 128 13. 1B 2 ABCD 2 AB 4 BC NUMERICAL 14 20 32 NUMERICAL BASED (NON-NEGATIVE) 14 2 1.7320 NUMERICAL BASED DECIMAL TYPE 1. 0.75 2 1.73 3. 0.8615 NUMERICAL BASED (QUESTION STEMS) DECIMAL TYPE 1 0.85 2 00 ES Se a Na SEESLINKED COMPREHENSION TYPE un 2 ¢ 3. D - 6 B MATCH LIST TYPE 1 MATCH FOLLOWING TYPE (D) > (s) 1. A> (ea) (8) > (5) (c) > (P) MATCHING TYPE 3D MATCH LIST TYPE ASSERTION-REASONING TYPE MULTI CHOICE SINGLE CORRECT i 2D 3 ¢ 4A 5A & ¢ 7D a 8 ASE TYPE 1 6 2 2) NUMERICAL BASED ORCIMAL TYPE 4, = 4.00 2, 2.2360 NUMERICAL BASED TYPE (ROUNDED OFF NEAREST INTEGER VALUE) 1. 2.2360 2 20 EAS