PREFACE

Sports such as badminton, table tennis and other individual sports have the capacity
to help students to promote youth to get an activity that will not just develop their
sportsmanship but to establish healthy and wealthy mind and body. Sport activities like
these will primarily help to reduce the risk of having any diseases and continue healthy
living. In this time of pandemic, it might help each student to focus not only on social
media but to practice simple sports while learning and resulting to have a healthy life.

A sport is consisted of physical and mental competitive activities carried out with a
recreational purpose or competition, or self-enjoyment, to attain excellence, for the
development of a skill, or some combination of these. A sport has physical activity, side-
by-side competition, self-motivation and a scoring system.

The study of Physical Education such as badminton, table tennis as well as diving
and other individual sports has two aspects; the knowledge and the skills. These are all easy
to play - a bold statement but one that is true. All you need is the ability to hit upwards and
downwards and you have the components of a simple rally! The game has many attractions.
It can be enjoyed by all ages, as an individual or as a part of a team or family, courts are
usually available in most places, and whether there are ample spare times or little to spare,
you can set your own commitment levels and play socially or competitively. Adding to this,
games for singles differ greatly from the doubles and you have the ingredients of a sport
that is easy to learn, fascinating and irresistible.

This book has three (3) major components such as:

• LESSON 1 – Table Tennis
• LESSON 2- Badminton
• LESSON 3- Arnis

With this learning material, it is hoped that students as well as Physical Education
teachers will gain knowledge and skill of the integral approach in the study of Physical
Education III.

- THE COMPILERS -

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Lesson 1: Badminton 1
• History and development of badminton 1
• Terminology 2
• Laws of the game 3
• Facilities and Equipment 5
• Badminton Strokes 7
• Footwork 8
• Events 9

Lesson 2: Table Tennis 14

• Table Tennis History and Development 14
• Equipment 18
• Starting game 22
• Styles of Play 24
Lesson 3: Basic Arnis 33
• History 33
• Equipment 34
• Proper Gripping 34
• 12 Striking Points 36

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 LESSON 1
Badminton

TOPICS:
1. History and Development of Badminton
2. Terminology
3. Laws of the Game
4. Equipment
5. Badminton Strokes
6. Footwork
7. Events

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. recognize the historical background and development of badminton;
2. determine the laws of badminton
3. analyze and remember the equipment used and terminologies;
4. demonstrate the basic skills in badminton.

TOPIC 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF BADMINTON

Battledore and shuttlecock was the game

developed from the ancient pastime known as. The
game was learned in India as 8poona9, it was brought
to England about 1870 by British army officers
stationed in India. The Duke of Beaufort introduces
the game at his country place, Badminton, in
Gloucestershire. Not having a name at that time, the
Game was referred to as <that Badminton game.=
Badminton Club of the City of New York, is the oldest badminton club in the world is
the which was founded in 1878, however, the game did not become widely popular in the
United States until the middle 19309s. The US Badminton Association was formed in 1936.
The world governing body for the sport is the International Badminton Federation, was
founded in1934. <Thomas Cup,= is the premier international men9s team which was
established in1948 and its counterpart in the women9s competition is the <uber Cup,= which
was founded in 1956.

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 In 1977, the World Badminton Federation (WBF) was founded. It sponsored the first
World Championship in the same year in Malmo Sweden. This was the start of several
international competitions all over the world. The <Suderman Cup= in 1989 was established
in memory of the former IBF Vice President Dick Suderman. He was also the <Father of
Indonesian Badminton=.

TOPIC 2: TERMINOLOGIES

1. Alley 3 an extension of the width of the court on both sides to be used in doubles play.
2. Backhand 3 any stroke made on the side of the body opposite the racket side.
3. Baseline 3 back boundary line.
4. Bird 3 the object that flies over the net, officially known as a shuttlecock.
5. Block 3 placing the racket in front of the bird and letting it rebound into the opponent9s
court.
6. Carry 3 momentarily holding the bird on the racket during the execution of a stroke.
7. Clear 3 a high shot that falls close to the baseline.
8. Double hit 3 contacting the bird twice in succession on the same stroke.
9. Doubles 3 a game of four players, two on each team.
10. Drive 3 a hard stroke that just clears the net on a horizontal plane.
11. Drop 3 a shot made that barely clears the net with little speed.
12. Fault 3 any violation of the rules whose penalty is loss of serve or the point.
13. Forehand 3 any stroke made on the racket side of the body.
14. Hairpin (net) stroke 3 shot made from below and very close to the net with the bird
just clearing the net and dropping sharply downward.
15. Home position 3 the ideal spot for awaiting the opponent9s return.
16. Let 3 a play allowed to be replayed.
17. Match 3 best two out of three games.
18. Odd and even courts 3 in singles, the right half of the court is <even= and the left half
of the court is the <odd.= When the even player is serving from the right the score is
even, and odd when serving from the left.
19. Rally 3 rapid returns made by players.
20. Ready position 3 an alert body position enabling quick movement in any direction.
21. Receiver 3 the player to whom the bird is served.
22. Server 3 the player who puts the bird in play.
23. Shuttlecock 3 the feathered/plastic object that is hit back and forth in badminton.
24. Singles 3 a game involving one player on each end of the court.
25. Sling 3 an untrue hit, usually because of the bird momentarily resting on the racket.
26. Smash 3 a powerful overhand stroke that sends the bird downward over the net.
27. Stroke 3 the action of striking the bird with the racket.
28. Toss/spin 3 the method of deciding which side will serve first at the beginning of the
match.

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TOPIC 3: LAWS OF THE GAME
Basic Rules and Regulations
1. Tossing for Serve
3.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss
shall exercise the choice in either Law 1.1 or 1.2
3.1.1 to serve or receive first;
3.1.2 to start play at one end of the court or the other.
3.2 The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.

2. Scoring
The rally point system is used in scoring the badminton game which means any fault
committed by the serving or receiving team gains point.

Love 3 designates a score of zero

Love- all 3 is called when both opponents or teams have a score of zero.
In side 3 is called for the serving player or team
Out Side 3 is called for the receiving player or team
Game Point 3 is the point that a server won which results to the server9s winning the
match

3. Setting the score

a. A match 3 best of 3 games
b. Side which first scores 21points wins the game
c. The side winning a rally scores a point
d. When score reaches 20 3 all, the side which gains a 2-point lead wins the
game
e. If the score reaches 29 3 all, the side scoring the 30th point wins the game
f. Winner of a game serves first in next game

4. Change of Ends

4.1 Players shall change ends:

4.1.1 at the end of the first game;
4.1.2 at the end of the second game, if there is to be a third game; and
4.1.3 in the third game when a side first scores 11 points.
4.2 If the ends are not changed as indicated in Law 1, it shall be done so as soon as the
mistake is discovered and when the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall
stand.

5. Service
5.1 In a correct service,

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 5.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once
the server and the receiver are ready for the service.
5.1.2 on completion of the backward movement of the server9s racket head,
any delay in the start of the service (Law 5.2) shall be considered to be
an undue delay;
5.1.3 the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service
courts without touching the boundary lines of the service courts;
5.1.4 some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in
contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the
start of the service (Law 5.2) until the service is delivered (Law 5.3)
5.1.5 the server9s racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;
5.1.6 the whole shuttle shall be below 1.15 metres from the surface of the
court at the instant of being hit by the server9s racket;
5.1.7 the movement of the server9s racket shall continue forwards from the start
of the service (Law 5.2) until the service is delivered (Law 5.3);
5.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server9s racket to pass
over the net so that, if not intercepted, it shall land in the receiver9s
service court (i.e. on or within the boundary lines); and
5.1.9 in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.

5.2 Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server9s
racket head shall be the start of the service.
5.3 Once started (Law 5.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server9s
racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.
5.4 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be
considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.
5.5 In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 5.2, 5.3), the partners may take up any
positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or
receiver.

6. Lets
When lets occurs, players who served serves again. The following are considered lets:
a. A shuttle or player from an adjacent court encroaches, thus, interfering with
play or concentration.
b. A shuttle, after passing over the net, becomes caught in or on the net except
during service;
c. A shuttle hits an obstruction that hangs over the court and is lower than the
recommended 24-foot ceiling height;
d. During service, the receiver and server both fault at the same time;

e. The server serves before the receiver is ready; and

f. A line judge is not present and the umpire is unable to make decisions

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TOPIC 4: FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

Court
The size of the court is a rectangular shape, measures 44 ft. long by 22ft. wide for
doubles game and 44 ft. long and 17 ft. wide while for singles game. A 1 ½ ft. alley on each
side is commonly referred to as double alleys. There is also space 2 ½ ft. wide at both ends of
the court, which are the back alleys. The right and left service court are the two service areas
on each side of the net, bounded by a line running parallel to the net, called the short- service
line.
The ceiling height should be 30 ft. for official game, and 24 ft. for instructional game.
Floor surface is traditionally wood, but many synthetics is traditionally wood, but many
synthetic and plastic courts have been developed.
Singles 44 feet long and 17 feet wide
Doubles

44 feet
long and
20 feet
wide

Net
The net
should be
made of a
dark-
colored
mosh, 2
½ feet deep, with a 1 ½ inch white tape extending across the top. The top of the net
should be 5 feet above the floor at a point equidistant from the sidelines; and 5 feet and
1 inch in height at point above the double9s sidelines.
Post
Post should be 5
feet and 1 inch in height
from the floor.

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Racket
It is a synthetic light material and can be made of wood, aluminum metal such a
graphic or carbon. It can be up to 68 cm long and it is usually weighing about
100grams. Most strings are made of synthetic such as nylon but world-class players
use lamb.
Gut is more expensive than synthetic and has disadvantages of a short lifespan when
strung tightly or not protected
from moisture. String diameter
ranges from 19-22 gauge. Most
competitive players prefer 21 to
22-gauge strung string at 14 to
15 pounds of tension, that
provides power and control. For
school and recreational use,
with 20-gauge string at a
tension of 12 to 13 pounds is
adequate.

Shuttlecocks
It is made from 14-16 goose feathers that are placed in a leather- covered cork head,
made of either plastic or nylon. Synthetic shuttles are suitable for recreational games
but feathered or official shuttlecock weighs from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

TOPIC 5: BADMINTON STROKES

a. Forehand Stroke 3 refers to any shock struck on the racket side of the body.
b. Backhand Stroke 3 these are hosts on the side away from the racket / left side of right-
handed, right side for left-handed.

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 Three parts of backhand of forehand stroke:
• Backswing 3 involves all movements of the racket away from the target.
• Hitting action 3 includes all forward motions until the racket contacts the shuttle.
• Follow- Through 3 involves all movements from control contact until the player is back
in a position to wait the opponent9s next shot.
c. Underhand Stroke 3 when the approaching shuttle is low in front of the player.
Steps in executing the underhand stroke
• In a backswing position, drop the racket hand down and back
• Move the right foot forward in the direction of the spot where the shuttle will hit the
floor, weight will transfer to front foot.
• The wrist cocks back during the backswing, hyperextension on the forehand side but
flexing on the backhand side.
• Move forward the arm while the wrist remains cocked.
• Hit the target shuttle combining the three movements in accelerating with full and
rapid upward movement of the hand toward the target, including a vigorous uncocking
of the
wrist.
d. Overhand Stroke 3 used to return the shuttle with a high trajectory coming from the
opponent9s court when the shuttle gets behind you.
Steps in executing the overhand stroke
• Lift both arms overhead. Sharply bend the elbow of the racket arm and move the
racket foot in the direction of the area where the shuttle would hit the floor.
• The non-racket hand provides balance. It should be higher than the head and points
toward the incoming shuttle when you are hitting a forehand, and it will be nearer
shoulder level and behind the shuttle when you are hitting a backhand.
• During the execution of a smash (overhead shot sharply hit forcefully at a steeper
downward angle), the wrist sometimes moves fast extending to a flex position during
the follow-through.
e. Sidearm Stroke 3 if the opponent uses a drive (fast low shot with flat trajectory) to hit
the shuttle parallel to either sidelines and you reach it at a height between your waist
and your shoulder, return it with a sidearm stride.

Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jUjFMxH-HfM

TOPIC 6 : FOOTWORK

Ready Position the stance you assume while waiting for the opponent.
• Establish both feet at the moment the opponent is hitting the shuttle.
• Feet should be apart, one slightly ahead of the other for better balance.
• Knees remain flexed at all times, to move fast around the court.
• Remember to position yourself at the center court to reach any return.

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Moving into hitting position the steps you take in getting into position to stroke the
shuttle.
• Consider to take a long first step with the racket foot when moving forward in the
court for effective technique
• Pivot your left or right when moving to the rear of the court. If the shuttle is hit to
your backhand side, pivot is followed by crossover step with right foot.
• Use shuttle or short steps to reach the shuttle, avoiding further crossover steps.
Footwork during the hitting action the relationship of the feet during the hitting action.

Forehand:
• When the shuttle is behind you on the forehand side or directly overhead, faces the
forehand sideline or front corner.
• During the hitting action, transfer your weight to your front foot, raising the heel of
your back foot well off the floor.
• Powerful hitting could be displayed through hitch kick or scissors kick, in which both
feet come off the floor at the same time.
Backhand:
• When the shuttle is behind you, pivot and cross over so that you face the backhand
sideline or back corner.
• Transfer your weight onto the foot closest to your target as you stroke the shuttle.
• Back heel will come high off the floor, and the toe of your back foot may drag across
the surface.
Footwork during the recovery returning to base before your opponent hits again.
• If in front court, it is efficient to recover with long step with the racket foot, followed
by the shuffle steps as needed.
• When you have hit from the back 8 feet of the court, or your backcourt the first
recovery step will also be with the racket foot.
Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1UIhKZCPMYM

TOPIC 7: EVENTS
Tournament/Badminton Competition
Events Played in Badminton Competitions:
Mens Singles-1
Womens Singles-1
Mens Doubles- 2 regulars
-1 alternate player
Womens Doubles- 2 regular player

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 Tournament/Badminton Competition
Events Played in Badminton Competitions:
Mens Singles-1
Womens Singles-1
Mens Doubles- 2 regulars
-1 alternate player
Womens Doubles- 2 regular player

1 alternate player
Mixed Doubles 2 regular players
1 alternate player

Mode of Tournament
• Knock out system
• Double Elimination
• Single Round Robin
ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 1.1:

Direction: We provided instructional vide5o on h o w0 to do it. Open the link below and take a
screen shot to prove that you already watch it and send the screenshot to your subject teacher.
After watching, it is now your turn to do the shuttle control and control the shuttle base on the
of your self at least 1 to 2 minutes then submit it to your subject teacher through email or
messenger.
Equipment:
• Racket
• Shuttlecock
st
1 Level: From the waist level up to head
2nd Level: From waist level to 3 meters high
3rd Level: From waist level up to ceiling

Link: https://youtu.be/3kRvce9ql40

Learning Activity 1.2: (Serving)

Direction: We provided instructional video on how to do the service. Open the link below and
take a screen shot to prove that you already watch it and send the screenshot to your subject
teacher. After watching, it is now your turn to do the Service and use the Forehand and
Backhand in serving the shuttlecock to the opponent9s court. Take a video of yourself at least
1 to 2 minutes then submit it to your subject teacher through email or messenger.
• Forehand/Backhand serving-----------right to right service court and left to left service
court
Note:
If you are right-handed that is your forehand and once you extend your right arm towards your
left side that is backhand
If you are left-handed that is your backhand and once you extend your left arm towards your
right side that is forehand.

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Link: https://youtu.be/b7gy7c0uJ8k
NOTE: The skill will be graded using to the rubrics below.

Novice Beginner Good Excellent

(2 pts) (4 pts) (5 pts)
(3 pts)
GRIP

Forehand and
backhand
Racquet Correct grip Correct grip Correct grip
Head of the gripped in a used used majority used every time
racket way that sometimes of the time
perpendicular resembles
to the floor
when it is held
straight out in
front.

STANCE

Side on - Non Standing front Correct stance Correct stance

racquet foot Non racquet used majority always used -
on to net foot slightly
forward - of time - non non racquet
weight mostly forward - not
racquet foot foot forward -
on back foot all the time - no
forward - more shifts weight
real weight
focus on from back foot
transfer
shifting weight to front foot
required

SHUTTLE CONTACT

No consistency Point of contact Point of contact Point of contact

Shuttle
in shuttle drop generally in always in front always in front
dropped -
and racquet front of body - of body and to of body and to
contact made in
swing - varying inconsistent the side - the side -
front/side of
heights and shuttle height - shuttle consistently
body - below
wild swing poor follow contacted contacts shuttle
waist - smooth
through around waist below the waist
racquet action
level most - smooth
times - short racquet action
follow through and follow
through

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 SERVE

Struggles to Clears the net Clears the net Always clears

Shuttle clears
clear the net most of the every time - the net and
net and lands in
and no time - landing most shuttles shuttle always
the correct part accuracy of anywhere in the landing in lands in correct
of court
shuttle court correct part of part of the court
court

SHUTTLE TRAJECTORY

Shuttle only Shuttle lands in Shuttle travels Shuttle always

Shuttle travels
clears the net the middle of to the back of travels very
high and long sometimes - not high and lands
the box - needs the court but
to the back of long enough or right at the back
to be higher could be higher
the court high enough of the court -
lots of air time

Total

Learning Activity 1.3: (Footwork)

Direction: Master the badminton footwork. We provided instructional video on how to do it.
Open the link below and take a screen shot to prove that you already watch it and send the
screenshot to your subject teacher. After watching, it is now your turn to do the Footworks.
Take a video of yourself at least 1 to 2 minutes then submit it to your subject teacher through
email or messenger.
• V Front
• Side to side (for defense)
• V Back
• Moving forward and backward
See the link: https://youtu.be/mAsM7ZOhbLs
NOTE: The skill will be graded according to the rubrics below

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 Criteria Points
1 2 3 4

Now you can

Using the footwork Now you can use
use the
to move forewords the footwork to
Moving Running forewordonly when you move foreword game to movea
footwork in
forewords in a game have lots of time, in a game all the
foreword, and
and when you aretime but still not
also you are
prepared in a game to fast
very fast

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Using the footwork Using the Using the
to move back when footwork to footwork in a
 Running back in you have lots of move back in agame to move
Moving back game time, and when yougame all the timeback and also
are prepared in abut still not to you are very
game fast fast

Using the footwork

Use the footwork using the
to move right when
to move to the footwork in a
Moving to Just running to theyou have lots of
the right right in a game time, and when you right in a gamegame to move
all the time butright and also
are prepared in a
still not that fast very fast
game

Using the5footwor0k Using the

Using the
to move to the left footwork to
footwork to
Moving to Running to the when you have lots move to the left
move left in a
the left
 you are prepared in game and also
game but still
a game not to fast very fast

Total---->

LESSON 2
Table Tennis
TOPICS
1. Table Tennis History and Development
2. Equipment
3. Starting Game
4. Styles of Play

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. display active and healthy lifestyle, value of fitness and experience and lifelong activity
2. demonstrate the different grips; and
3. perform the different footwork

TOPIC 1: HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Table Tennis
Table tennis is very popular, especially in East Asia and is among the most popular sports in
the world in terms of player numbers, as well as one of the newest of the major sports.
Ping Pang Qiu- is the official name of the sport in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and
Macau.
Takkyu is the official name of the sport in Japan.

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Tak-gu is the name of the sport in Korea

The game is controlled by the International Table Federation (ITTF), founded in 1926.

History

The history of table tennis (or ping-pong as it is also commonly known) is a

long and interesting sequence of events, which would require a book to do it justice.
This article provides a brief overview of the origins of the game, as well as what are
generally acknowledged as many of the important highlights of the game's
development.

There is often conflicting information available regarding the early days of table
tennis and all differing opinions are presented here for completeness.
Early Origins of Table Tennis/Ping-Pong
• 12th Century AD: The game of table tennis probably descended from the the game of
"Royal Tennis" (also known as Real Tennis or Court Tennis), which was played in the
medieval era.
• 1880's: Some sources claim that the sport was once known as indoor tennis, and was
played in the early 1880's by British army officers stationed in India and South Africa.
These officers are supposed to have used cigar box lids as paddles, rounded wine bottle
corks as balls, and books for an improvised net.
• 1880's: The game had become fashionable among the upper classes in England.
• 1887: According to the ITTF website, the first use of the name "Table Tennis" appeared
on a board and dice game made by J.H.Singer of New York.
• 1890: The earliest existing evidence of a table tennis game is a set made by David
Foster, patented in England, which included table versions of Lawn Tennis, Cricket and
Football.
• 1891: John Jacques of London introduce their "Gossima" game, which used drum-type
paddles, a 50mm web wrapped cork ball, and a 30cm high net.
• 1890's: By this time, several patents with basic rules had been registered.
• 1890's: Parker Brothers begin making an indoor tennis kit which included a portable
net, a small ball covered in netting, and paddles.
• 1900: Englishman James Gibb is credited with bringing hollow celluloid balls back to
England from the USA, although some other sources claim they were plastic balls.
Previously most balls were solid rubber or cork, often covered in material. Some
sources also credit Gibb with inventing the name "ping pong", which was supposed to

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 have been derived from the sound of the ball bouncing off the drum battledores
(paddles), each of which had a different sound.
• 1901: John Jacques register "Ping Pong" as a trade name in England. The American
rights to the name are sold to Parker Brothers.
• 1901: On the 12th December 1901, "The Table Tennis Association" is formed in
England. Four days later, "The Ping Pong Association" is also formed in England.
• 1901: Table tennis is first brought to China via western settlements.
• 1902: Englishman E.C.Goode is credited with putting pebbled rubber on his wooden
blade, allowing him to put more spin on the ball. This is the forerunner of the ordinary
pimpled rubber racket, which will dominate table tennis until 1952.
• 1903: On the 1st May 1903, "The Table Tennis Association" and "The Ping Pong
Association" amalgamate, forming "The United Table Tennis and Ping Pong
Association". This association will later revert its name to "The Table Tennis
Association", before becoming defunct in 1904.
• 1920's-1950's: Classic Hard Bat Era / Europe Dominates the Sport
• 1920's: In the early 1920's the game began to revive in England and Europe.
• 1922: "The Table Tennis Association" is reconstituted, with the name "English Table
Tennis Association" being adopted in 1927.
• 1926: The International Table Tennis Federation is formed.
• 1926-1931: Maria Mednyanszky of Hungary wins the Women's Singles event at the
World Championships five times in a row.
• 1930-1935: Victor Barna of Hungary wins five of the six Men's Singles events at the
World Championships (and was runner up in 1931).
• 1935: The American Ping Pong Association, US Amateur Table Tennis Association,
and National Table Tennis Association merge to form the US Table Tennis Association
(which was renamed USA Table Tennis in 1994).
• 1936: Repainted tables (which made the playing surface very slow) and a high net (6¾
inches high) combine to make attacking play very difficult at the World Championships
in Prague, Czechoslovakia. This results in the longest rally ever in a World
Championships taking place, lasting over two hours.
• 1938: The ITTF lowers the net fro5m 6¾ in0ches to 6 inches, and bans the finger spin
serves which had been used with devasting effect by American players.
• 1940-1946: No World Championships held due to World War II.
• 1950-1955: Angelica Rozeanu-Adelstein of Romania wins six Women's Singles titles
 in a row at the World Championships. Since her last title win in 1955, every World
Champion in Women's Singles has been an Asian player.
• 1950's-1970's: Sponge Bat Era / Rise of Japan and China
• 1952: Hiroji Satoh of Japan becomes notorious for his use of a wooden racket covered
in thick foam sponge rubber, which produces much more speed and spin than
conventional pimpled rubber rackets. He wins the 1952 World Championships over
Jozsef Koczian of Hungary, and begins a period of Asian male domination in the sport
which will last until Sweden rises to supremacy from 1989 into the early 1990's.
• 1957: The World Championships changes to a biennial event (once every two years),
due to the logistics of hosting an event of such size, and difficulty in finding suitable
venues.

• 1958: The first European Championships is conducted in Budapest, Hungary, and sees
the USSR's debut in international table tennis.
• 1959-1960: The ITTF standardizes the thickness of ordinary pimpled rubber
and sponge rubber.
• 1960's: In the early 1960's, the loop drive was invented and become popular around the
world.
• 1960's: From around 1965 to 1971, China under the rule of Ma Tse-Tung disappears
from world table tennis events.
• 1961-1965: Zhuang Zedong of China wins 3 Men's Singles titles in a row at the World
Championships, each time over compatriot Li Furong.
• 1960's: In the early 1960's, Xhang5Xi Lin o0f China uses a "Yin-Yan" bat with normal
rubber on one side, and long pimples on the other4the first recorded instance of
successful combination bat play.
•
 1971: China returns to International Competition at the 1971 World Championships.
• 1971: The US Table Tennis Team takes a "Ping-Pong Diplomacy" trip to China, in a
world first effort to use sport to establish and improve diplomatic relations.
• 1971: Jean-Paul Weber of France uses the first anti-spin rubber in the World
Championships in Nagoya, Japan, and enjoys some success with its use.
• 1971: The first Commonwealth Championships are held in Singapore.
• 1970's-2000's: The Age of Speed Glue & Technology
• 1970's: Table tennis players discover that using bicycle tyre repair glue to put rubber
on a blade dramatically increases the speed and spin that can be produced. This
discovery is often credited to Dragutin Surbek of Yugoslavia, and Tibor Klampar of
Hungary. This discovery is called speed glue.
• 1970's-1989: China is the dominant force in both men's and women's events on the
world scene, winning multiple events at all world championships.
• 1980: John Hilton of England wins the European Championships using a combination
bat of normal rubber and antispin, twiddling the racket and playing aggressively.
• 1980: The first World Cup event is held in Hong Kong.
• 1982: The initial World Veteran's Championships is conducted in Gothenburg,
Sweden.
• 1980's: In 1985, the two-color rule is adopted to reduce the effectiveness of
combination rackets.
• 1988: Table Tennis becomes an Olympic sport, in Seoul, South Korea.
• 1989-1993: Sweden breaks the Chinese stranglehold in Men's World Championships,
winning the 1989, 1991, and 1993 Teams Events, and producing the 1989 and 1991
World Men's Champions (Jan-Ove Waldner and Jorgen Persson respectively). China
continues its dominance in female ranks.
• 1995-present: China reasserts its control over the Mens Team and Mens Singles events
at the World Championships.
• 1997: Jan-Ove Waldner wins the Mens Singles title at the World Championships for
the second time, this time without the loss of a single game!
• 2000: A brief blip in the Chinese men's dominance occurs when the aging Swedish trio
of Jan-Ove Waldner, Jorgen Persson and Peter Karlsson combine to steal the Mens
Team title in a thrilling final.
• 2000: The ITTF increases increases the ball diameter to 40mm.

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 • 2001: The ITTF changes the scoring system, moving to 11 point games, and using a
best of 5 games or best of 7 games match.
• 2002: Table Tennis becomes a Commonwealth Games Sport, at Manchester, England.
• 2003: Werner Schlager of Austria breaks the Chinese stranglehold on the Men's Singles
World Championship title, saving several match points along the way against
opponents in Wang Liqin and Kong Linghui. He meets Joo Se Hyuk of South Korea in
the final - Joo is the first defensive player to make the Mens Singles final since the
Eberhard Scholer of Germany in 1969 (Scholer also lost in his final, to Japan's Shigeo
Itoh).
• 2000's: In the early 2000's, frictionless long pimples become popular among many
players, in an attempt to negate the the power and spin produced by modern technology
and speed glue.
• 2006: The intended banning of frictionless long pips and speed glues with toxic organic
solvents is announced by the ITTF.
• 2007: The ITTF withdraws its approval of all table tennis glues, following a health
incident involving a speed glue user in Japan.
• 2008: The use of speed glues with illegal VOCs is banned for all ITTF junior
competitions as of January 1. Machines that test for illegal VOCs are introduced to
check for rules infractions.

TOPIC 2: EQUIPMENT

The Table
It the table shall be made of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of not less
than 220mm, and not more than 250mm, when a standard ball is dropped from a height of 305
mm, above its surface. The playing surface shall be dark-colored, preferably dark green and
matt, with a white line of 20mm, broad along each edge. The line at the 1.525m. edges, or ends,
shall be termed as end lines and the lines at the 2.74m. edges or side, shall be termed as side
lines.
For doubles, the playing surface shall be termed center line, divided into halves by a
white line 3mm, broad, running parallel to the side lines. The center line may, for convenience,
be permanently marked in full length on the table and this in no way invalidates the table for
singles play.
The upper surface of the table, known as the playing surface, shall be rectangular 9 feet
(2.74m) in length and 5 feet (1.52mm) in width. The playing surface shall be in a horizontal
plane 2 ft. 6 inches (76cm.) above the floor.
The playing surface shall include the top below the edges. The playing surface shall be
made of any material and shall yield a uniform bounce of about 23cm, when a standard ball is
dropped to it from a height of 30cm. The playing surface shall be divided into 2 equal courts
by a vertical net running parallel with the end lines and shall be continuous over the whole area
of each court; For doubles, each court by a white center line 3mm wide running parallel with
the side lines. The centerline shall be the part of each right half court.

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The Net
The net shall be suspended by a cord attached at each end to an upright post 15.25cm
high, the outside units of a post being 15.25 cm outside the side line. The top of the net along
its whole length shall be 15.25 cm above the playing surface and bottom of the net shall be as
close as possible to the playing surface along its whole length and the net shall be as close as
possible to the playing surface along its whole length and the ends of the net shall be as close
as possible to the supporting posts.

The Ball 5 0
 The International rules specify that the game is
played with a light 2.7 gram, 40 mm (formerly 38mm)
diameter ball. The ball is required to have a coefficient of
restitution of 0.94. the 40mm ball was introduced at the 2003
Work Table Tennis Championship.
Balls are usually white, but some are orange. They
vary in price from cheap 10-cent balls that break on
contact with a racket to three-star quality balls that cost nearly
a dollar each. A poorly made ball tends to be lopsided, with
soft spots, so that it not only breaks easily, it doesn't bounce the same way each time. You
should probably go for the expensive three-stars. They bounce better, and in the long run they're
cheaper because they last much longer. Balls are usually marked either one, two, or three-star.
Get the three-stars. If there are no stars, avoid them.

The Racket
Players are equipped with a
wooden blade covered with rubber on
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one or two sides depending on the grip
of the player. This is called either a
paddle, racket or bat depending on where
in the world the game is being played. In
the USA the term <paddle= is common,
in Europe the term is <bat,= and the
official ITTF term is <racket.= This
section will use the ITTF term.
Table tennis regulations allow
different surfaces on each side of the
racket. The different types of surface
provide various levels of spin or speed,
or in some cases, nullify spin. For example, a player may have a rubber that provide much spin
on one side of his racket, and no spin on the other side of the racket. By flipping the racket in
play, different types of returns are possible. To help a player distinguish between different types
of rubber used by his opposing player, international rules specify that one side must be red
while the other side must be black. The player the right to inspect his opponent9s racket before
a match to see the type of rubber used and what color it is. Despite high speed play and rapid
exchanges, a player can see clearly what side of the racket was used to hit the ball.
Racket construction and new rubber technology (skilled elite players typically select
and attach the rubber to their own rackets and glue them before every match) contribute
significantly to the amount of deviation from the expected ball flight path. The fairly recent
development of speed glue speeds up the departure of the ball from the rubber considerably,
through at the cost of some ball control.

Different Types of Rubber Sheets

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• Inverted (non-Chinese): This is the most widely used rubber type. The surface is
 to generate high level of spin and speed. Spin is mainly generated not by the action of
the top sheet alone, but also by the ball sinking into the sponge and allowing greater
surface area to contact the ball.
• Inverted (Chinese): Chinese rubbers typically have sticker (or <tackier=) top sheets.
Spin is generated mainly by the top sheet, as opposed to the sponge, which is relatively
more condensed and firmer. The result is usually a far better short game and potential
power capabilities than normal inverted.
• Short pimples (or <pips=): Short pimples-out rubbers are usually used by close-to-the-
table hitters (for example, Liu Guoliang). They do not generate as much spin as inverted
rubbers, but also make the user less susceptible to the opponent9s spin. Speed generated
from a short pip rubber is generally faster than the inverted with the same sponge.
Depending on the thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play a chopping game
with short pimples by varying the spin of the return. While blocking and attacking a
<dead ball= effect is often noticed. Ding Song is an exponent of this style.
• Long pimples (or <pips=): Long pimples- out rubbers carry relatively long and soft pips.
They do not have the ability to generate any real spin of their own, but feed off the
opponent9s spin back upon impact as the pips bend and slide. They are usually used by
closed-to-the-table blockers or choppers. They are usually only used on the backhand
side, as they offer very limited attacking capabilities. Depending on the grip of the
pimples and the thickness of the sponge it is also possible to play an aggressive game
with long pips, though with not much spin capability.
• Anti-spin: Anti-spin rubbers may look similar to inverted ones, but the surface is really
slick. Like long pimples, they cannot generate much real spin, but just allows the user
to produce a non-spin ball. Anti-spin in also not very susceptible to the opponents
incoming spin, due to the low coefficient of friction of the rubber9s surface. This is also
used to confuse the opponent, and is not widely used at international level.

TOPIC 3: STARTING GAME

Starting Game

In top-flight competition, service is decided by a coin toss, at lower levels it is

common for one player (or the umpire/scorer) to hide the ball in one or the other hand
(usually hidden under the table), allowing the other player to guess which hand the ball
is in. the correct or incorrect guess gives the <winner= the option to choose to serve, or
to choose which side of the table to use. In recreational games, the players may have a
rally for a minimum set number of 10 hits, after which the rally is played out, with the
winner either choosing to serve or choosing the table side. Others use the <P-O-N-G= or
<P-I-N-G= method rallying back and forth spelling a letter of P-O-N-G or P-I-N-G

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 after every hit. After P-O-N-G or P-I-N-G is spelled the person to win the rally also
wins the serve.

Service
In game play, the player serving the ball commences a point. Standing behind
the end game of the table, with the ball in the palm of one hand- over the table9s height
3and the paddle in the other, the server tosses the ball without spin, upward, at least
sixteen centimeters (approximately 6 inches).

He or she then must hit the ball such that it bounces once on his or her half of
the table, and then bounces at least one time on the opponent9s half. If the ball strikes
the net but does not strike the opponent9s half of the table, then a point is awarded to the
opponent. However, if the ball hits the net, but nevertheless goes over and bounces
on the other side, it is called a let (or net-in). Play stops, and the ball must be served
again with no penalty. Unlike the old service rules, where a player may only commit
three lets, now a players may commit any number of lets without penalty.

If the service is <good= return- by returning the ball before it bounces on his or
her side of the table a second time. Returning the serve is one of the most difficult parts
of the game, as the server9s first move is often the least predictable.

Hitting the ball

Any hitting of the ball must be done such that the ball passes over or around the
net. If the ball is struck such that it travels around the net, but still lands on the
opponents cannot return it over (or around) the net and make it bounce on your side, then
win the point.

Scoring
Points are awarded to the opponent for any of several errors in play:
• Allowing the ball to bounce on one9s own side twice
• Not hitting the ball after it has bounced on one9s own side
• Having the ball bounce on one9s own side after hitting it
• Hitting the ball before it has bounced on one9s own side of the table
• Double hitting the ball. Note that the hand below the wrist is considered part of the bat
and making a good return of one9s hand or fingers is allowed, but hitting one9s hand or
fingers and subsequently hitting the bat is a double strike and an error.
• Allowing the ball to strike anything other than the bat (see above for definition of the
bat)
• Causing the ball not to bounce on the opponent9s half (i.e., not making a=good return=)
• Placing one9s free hand on the playing surface or moving the playing surface
• Offering and failing to make a good serve (i.e., making a service toss and failing to
strike the ball fairly into play)

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 • Making an illegal serve (e.g., one preceded by a player9s hiding the bail or his failing
to toss the ball at least 16 centimeters (six inches) in the air).
• Hitting the net with bat or any body part, or moving the table.
Alternative Service
Service alternates between opponents every two points (regardless of winner of
the rally) until a player reaches 11 points with at least a two-point lead, or until both
player have 10 points apiece. If both players reach 10 points, then service alternatives
after each point, until one player gains a two-point advantage.

In doubles, service alternates every two points between sides, but also rotates
between players on the same team. At the end of every points, the receiving player
becomes the server, and the partner of the serving player becomes the receiver.

In the older 21-point game system, service would alternate every 5 points. If
both players reached a score of 20, then service would alternate each point until one
player gains a two- point advantage. When a match point occurs, the server is allowed
three attempts at serving and 2 lets before he loses the point.

Series of Games
After each game, players switch sides of the table and in the fifth or seventh,
game <for the match=, players switch sides when the first player scores 5 points,
regardless of whose turn is to serve. In competition play, matches are typically best of
five or seven games.

Recreational Variations
Some recreational players may choose to use a volleyball style system of scoring and
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li toplay. Such variations include, but are not mited
, allowing the let serve, not requiring the
server to hit the ball on his half of the table first (but still allowing it), allowing the volleying
of returns and relaxing other small rules in doubles to make the game easier to play. Common
recreational scoring styles includes best of three game side out scoring to 15, 21, 25, or 30
points per game with a third game being played rally style to 15; best of five game rally style
play with each game, save the fifth (to 15), played to 30 points; and traditional tennis scoring.

Doubles Game
In addition to games between individual players, pairs may also play table tennis. In
doubles, all the rules of single play apply except for the following. A line painted along the
long axis of the table to create double courts bisects the table: this line9s only purpose is to
facilitate the doubles service rule, which is that service, must originate from the right hand
<box= in such a way that the first bounce of the serve bounces once in said right hand box and
then must bounce at least once in the opponents side9s right hand box (far left box for server).
Play then continues normally with the exception that players must alternate hitting the ball. For
example, after a player serves the receiving player make his or her return, the server9s partner
returns the ball and then the service receiver9s partner would play the ball. In wheelchair
doubles side. The point proceeds this way until one side fails to make a legal return and point
is the point is then awarded to the other team. Also, when the game reaches the final set, the
teams must switch side and the team that receives the service must switch server when one of
the teams reach 5 points. Singles the doubles are both played in international competition,
including the Olympics Games since 1988 and the commonwealth Games since 2002.
In 2005, the ITTF has announced that doubles table tennis will be featured only as a
part of teams9 events in the 2008 Olympics.

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TOPIC 4: STYLES OF PLAY
Grip
Competitive table tennis players grip their bats in a variety of ways. The manner in which
competitive players grip their bats can be classified into two major families of styles. One is
described as pen hold, and the other shake hand. The Laws of the Table Tennis do not prescribe
the manner in which one must grip the bat, and numerous variations on gripping styles exist.

a. Penhold
The penhold grip is so-named because one grips the bat
to the way one holds a writing instrument. The style of play
among penhold players can vary greatly from player to player. The
style usually referred to as the Chinese penhold style, involves
curling the middle, ring, and fourth finger back. In contrast,
another styles, sometimes referred to as the Japanese penhold,
involves splaying those three fingers out across the back of the
bat. Penhold styles are popular among players originating
from Asian nations such as China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.Traditionally, penhold
players use only one side of the bat to hit the ball during normal play. The side which is in
contact with the last three fingers is generally not use. However, the Chinese have developed a
new technique in which a penholder utilizes both sides of the bat. This is referred to as the
Reverse penhold backhand (RPB).

b. Shakehand
The Shakehand grip is so-named because one grips
the way one performs a handshake. The grip is sometimes
colloquially referred to as a <tennis grip= or a <Western
grip.= The shakehand grip is most popular among players
originating in Western nations. Today, though, there are
many Asian players using the shakehand grip.

Unusual Grips

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 target, pass ball to
could target
spiked,
pass had a
purpose
Service Excellent Good Fair Poor total
points
serve was serve was serve was Ball not
over the net over the over and in over and in
and in net and in or close. or close, no
bounds, bounds, Had some control of
arm arm control of ball, ball
correct, correct, ball, arm hit off of
weight weight was too wrist or
transfer, transfer, low, not fingers
control of control of proper
the ball, the ball weight
ball was transfer
placed in a
difficult
area to
return
Body
Control/Footwork Excellent Good Fair Poor total
points
body in body weight on hands were
low athletic in low heels, apart, body
stance, athletic elbows in upright
weight on stance, were bent, position,
balls of weight on ball was did not
feet, knees balls of playable for call, lift,
bent, called feet, knees teammates, ball was
mine, bent, called some
hands mine, control of
together, hands ball
ball went together,
towards ball went
target, towards
control of target,
the ball, control of
pass had a the ball
purpose

T O T A L

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 LESSON 3
Arnis
TOPICS
1. History
2. Equipment
3. Fundamental Skills in Arnis
4. 12 Striking Points

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. exhibit and promote active and healthy lifestyle, value of fitness and
experience and lifelong activity;
2. analyze the movements and level of efforts applied the execution of skills;
and
3. perform the basic 12 strikes of arnis.

TOPIC 1: HISTORY
Arnis was developed by the indigenous populations of the Philippines, who used an
assorted range of weaponry for combat and self-defense. Encompassing both simple impact
and edged weapons, arnis traditionally involved rattan, swords, daggers and spears.
In 1521, equipped with nothing more than bladed weapons and their fearsome arnis
abilities, Filipino islanders defeated Ferdinand Magellan9s armored, musket-bearing Spanish
conquistador forces when they tried to invade.
When the Spanish eventually returned and successfully conquered parts of the
Philippines, the traditions of arnis were preserved, despite its prohibition, in the forms of ritual
dance, performance and mock battles. While earlier Filipino martial arts were influenced by
Spanish colonization, the modern forms have been affected by the country9s contact with both
the United States and Japan after gaining independence in 1898. Just over a century later, in
2009, the government of the Philippines declared arnis to be the martial art and national sport
of the Philippines.
Arnis is the system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-
defense system . His goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective
self-defense system in order to preserve the older Arnis systems . The term Modern Arnis was
used by Remy Presas9 younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style of Filipino martial
arts ; since 1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan . It is derived principally from the
traditional Presas family style of the Bolo(Machete) and the stick-dueling art of Balintawak
Eskrima , with influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts . Arnis -

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 Arnis is a Philippines9 national martial art or sport , After President Gloria
Macapagal- Arroyo signed the Reoublict Act. No. 9850 in 2009. The act mandates the
Department of
Education to include the sport as a Physical Education course . Arnis will be included among
the priority sports in Palarong Pambansa(National Games) beginning 2010.

TOPIC 2: EQUIPMENT

Weapon
• The padded stick shall be the official weapon of the player.
• The specification of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
• No other similar material will be allowed to be used in any local, national or
international competition.
• Each padded stick shall be properly foam-cushioned and shall have a maximum grip
diameter of not more than 3.81cm.(1 ½ inch) and length of 76.20cm (30 inches for
men
and women).The length of padded stick shall be 27 inches for boys and girls.
• Both padded stick shall be color-coded, one red and the other blue.
Head Protector
• Refers to a pair of protective head gear to include an impact worthy face mask, the
specifications of which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
• Both headgears must be color-coded, one red the other blue, to match the padded stick
of the player.
Body Protector
• Refers to a pair of protective body protector, properly cushioned, the specifications of
which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
• Male and female player must both wear body protector and groin protector.
• Body protector and groin protectors specifications shall be in accordance with the i-
ARNIS standard.
• Both body protectors and groin protectors shall be color coded to match the color of
the player.
• Forearm and shin guards are compulsory.
• The specifications shall be in accordance with i-ANIS standard. Both shin & forearm
guards must be color of the player.
Scoreboards
• A pair of scoreboard, either manually or electronically operated, the specifications of
which shall be in accordance with the i-ARNIS standard.
• Two score boards per contest area shall be placed at diagonally opposite at diagonally
opposite corners outside the playing area, inside the competition area within the free
zone, right where the judges are positioned.
Flags

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 • Two sets of red and blue flags, the size of which is 30 cm by 25 cm, are used by the
judges in declaring decisions or asking for consultations.
• One yellow flag, size 30 cm by 25 cm.
• For timer9s use to signal the start and the end of each round and to declare a time-out
and resumption of the game.
Other Equipment
• Stopwatch is use to keep the two-minutes per round.
• This include interruptions such as injury, changing of broken stick.
• A gong and mallet or other similar audible substitutes such as whistle, bell or buzzer
shall be provided for the timer to indicate the start and end of the round.
• A table shall be provided for the TIMER and RECORDER which shall be situated one
(1) meter in front of the playing area so that time signals are audible enough to both
players and referee.

TOPIC 3: FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS IN ARNIS

The stick is the principal weapon in learning arnis. It is made of rattan stick approximately
28-30 inches long and a diameter of around 1 inch.
GRIP
• 2 inches from the line
• No extension downward
• 6 inches from the base or butt
• Middle grip
• 4-6 inches from the tip or <susi= or <daga= or knife

Mechanics in the Correct Way of Gripping the Weapon

✓ Hold your cane stick with your two hands it at the ends.
✓ Bring the cane upward in front of you
✓ Release your right hand and transfer it to the left side of your hand holding the cane.
✓ Palm facing towards you, roll your fingers and press them on the first and middle
fingers, holding it firmly but not too tight.
✓ When the wrist becomes flexible it adds speed and power then follow and try to strike
your stick.

Length of the Weapon

The length of the stick, or cane depends on the height and build of the practitioner. He should
measure the length of the arnis weapon depending upon the length of his arm.
Step 1

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 • Extend your right arm straight downward and straighten your forefinger.
• Measure your stick from the tip of your finger up to the shoulder.
Step 2
• Extend your right arm to the right side of the body at shoulder level then measure your
cane.
Step 3
• Some measure from 24 to 26 inches.
• Others9 from 28 to 30 inches, and others have a measurement of 90 centimeters or 1
meter.
Stance and Posture
Arnis is a martial art of self-defense. Prowess and stability are essential to succeed against the
opponents. Before fighting, one should learn the proper stance and posture to enable one to
master other skills.
A. Straddle Stance
• Perform by sliding the left foot sideward.
• The toe should point forward.
B. Forward Stance
• Perform by sliding the foot forward.
• The toes should point forward.
• The front leg should be bent while the leg at the back should be straight.
• It can be performed either by using the left foot in the left forward stance or by
the right foot in the right forward stance.

C. Back Leading Stance

• Put one leg forward and let the toe of your forward foot touch the ground at the
same time pivot at the back.
• It can be performed using either the left or the right.
D. Forward Leaning Stance-Side Direction
• Perform by sliding the foot to the side bended knee, toes should point sideward.
• The other leg must be straight, similar to forward stance but the direction is
different.
E. Forward Leaning Stance-Facing the Back
• Perform as in forward stance but the direction of the body is at the back.
• However, the eyes are focused at the opponent.
F. Cross Stance

• Perform by positioning the other leg forward.

Salutation or Saludo

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 Both fingers, as a courtesy and a sign of a true gentleman, give salutation. There are
mechanics followed in executing the saludo.
• Hold the Stick down the open leg facing each other.
• Close the leg by moving the left leg close to the right in 45 degrees angle.
• Lift the stick to the chest wherein the butt is resting on the chest. The top of the
stick is pointing up.
• Take a bow with the opponents or sparring mate, then go back to the original
position.

TOPIC 4: 12 STRIKING POINTS

1. Left side of the head attack.

A diagonal downward forehand swing to the left temple. From the position, the
warrior will hold the stick with one hand at 1 o9clock moving his stick in slashing
motion while his free hand on his chest.
2. Right side of the head attack.

A diagonal downward backhand swing striking to the right temple. Assuming a

fighting stance like the left temple strike, the warrior this time held his stick at 11
o'clock with his free hand kept on his chest.

3. Left side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.

The 3rd striking technique allows the practitioner to extend his weapon hand making it
easier for him to strike any part of the opponent between its shoulder and hips. The
stick will be draw in a diagonal forehand slashing swing making it easier to deliver a
damage.

4. Right side of the body or torso, to the left arm or elbow.

Same as the 3rd strike but this time the practitioner will extend the weapon hand to
strike any part of the body between the shoulder and the hips in a backhand slashing
swing located on the right side

5. Thrust to the stomach.

In this strike, the practitioner will thrust the weapon hand to the stomach and is
followed by an upward motion that will cut through his opponent's body.

6. Right lower leg.

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 Again, like the 8th strike, the main target here is the right lower leg which immobilize
the opponent. By doing this, the palm should face downward.

7. Left lower leg.

In this technique, the practitioner will deliver a powerful strike to the opponents lower
leg, mainly the knee, the angle or the ankel which throws off the opponents balance
and immobilize him. By doing this, the warrior is supposed to lower his
body(extending the weapon arm). Holding his palm upward and hit any part of the
opponents lower leg.

8. Right chest stab.

In this stance, the practitioner will practice the scooping action. The weapon hand is
then extended forward with the palm facing outward. To deliver the strike properly,
the elbow should be kept up puncturing the opponents right lung.

9. Left chest stab.

In this strike, the weapon hand is then extended to the front with the palm facing
outward and the elbow kept up where this strike can cause damage to the rib cage.

10. Right eye poke.

Same as the 10th strike technique. To execute it properly the practitioner will have to
hold his elbow down poking the right eye of the opponent.

11. Left eye poke.

The target here is the left eye socket. In order to execute it properly, the practitioner
should assume fighting stance then extend the weapon hand forward with the palm
facing outward with its elbow kept down.

12. Strike to the crown/top of head.

The last strike will be a straight downward overhead swing directed towards the crown
of the head which could throw off the opponents mobility and balance.
Link: https://youtu.be/_p-FnGX4dPU
Note: Watch the link on Youtube, take a screenshot and send it to your subject teacher.

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ASSESSMENT

Learning Activity 3.1:

Direction: Explain the following question.

1. How does martials arts (Arnis) change your life style?
2. What happened to your body if the strike is wrong?

Learning Activity 3.2:

Direction: Make a video on how to show the proper handling of the stick in Arnis.

Learning Activity 3.3:

Direction: Make a short video doing the twelve strikes. Send it to your subject teacher through
email or messenger.

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REFERENCES

https://www.rcampus.com/rubricshowc.cfm?code=ZX4794W&sp=yes&
http://badmintontips.blogspot.com/2006/05/preface.html
https://www.britannica.com/sports/badminton
Jones, B. (2007). Badminton
Tulio, D. (2008) Physical Education 3 for College. National Bookstore.
Tulio et al., (2005). PE 3 Individual and Dual Sports. Katha Publishing

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