MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERRSITY ( THANLYIN )

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC

Automatic Light Switch for Window

By
Project Group ( 3BE )

OCTOBER, 2023
TU ( THANLYIN )
 TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY ( THANLYIN )
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
We certify that we have examined for acceptance of the project entitled:
“Automatic Light Switch for window” submitted by the group of 3 BE EC to the
Department of Electronic Engineering.

Board of Examiners:
1. Dr. Tin Hla Win
Professor and Head
Department of Electronic Engineering
Technological University ( Thanlyin ) ( Chairman )

2. Daw Theingi Soe

Assistant lecturer
Department of Electronic Engineering
Technological University ( Thanlyin ) ( Supervisor )

3. Daw Ei Sandar
Lecturer
Department of Electronic Engineering
Technological University ( Thanlyin ) ( Co-supervisor )
 MEMBER LIST
NO Roll No. Name Signature
1. 3EC- 1 Ma Ei Shwe Sin Phyoe
2. 3EC- 3 Ma Khin Saw Thu
3. 3EC- 5 Mg Wai Yan Min Moe
4. 3EC- 6 Mg Zay Yar Lin
5. 3EC- 8 Ma Khine Thazin
6. 3EC- 9 Mg Lin Htut Ye Myint
7. 3EC- 14 Mg Kyaw Aye
8. 3EC- 15 Mg Htut Lin Zaw
9. 3EC- 16 Mg Khant Nyi Thit
10. 3EC- 17 Mg Mone Shin Hone
11. 3EC- 18 R Ma Lwin Mar Aung
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The successful accomplished and final outcome of this project required a lot
of guidance and assistance from many people, all of my team members and
teachers. Fortunately, I got this all along the completion of this assignment work. I
would like to express sincere thanks to all of them.
We are really grateful to Dr. Theingi Soe, Rector of Technological
University ( Thanlyin ), for her approval carry out this project.
We would like to express great gratitude towards Dr. Tin Hla Win, Professor
and Head, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University
( Thannlyin ) for her directions and management.
We are highly indebted to our supervisor, Daw Theingi Soe, Assistant
lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, for her guidance and constant
supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the project
which made us complete the project on time.
We are also indebted to our co-supervisor, Daw Ei Sandar, Lecturer ,
Department of Electronic Engineering, for her comments, suggestions, and
supervision throughout the project.
We are extremely thankful to all of the teachers in Department of Electronic
Engineering, who contributed their knowledge and support during the study and
project period.
Last but no least, I would like to express deep gratitude to my beloved
parents for their kindness, understanding and inspiration and to our group members
for their efforts and co-operation to complete the project within the limited time
frame.
 ABSTRACT
Automatic Room Lights using Arduino and PIR Sensor, where the lights in the
room will automatically turn ON and OFF by detecting the presence of a human.
Such Automatic Room Lights can be implemented in your garages, staircases,
bathrooms, etc. where we do not need continuous light but only when we are
present.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to automatic switch light using Arduino for
window
1.2 Block Diagram of Arduino
1.3 Implementation Program
1.4 Aims and Objectives
1.5 Outline of the Project
2 OVERALL SYSTEM
2.1 Components of the Automatic Switch Light using Arduino
for window
2.2 Arduino Uno board
2.2.1 Architecture of Arduino
2.2.2 Advantages of Arduino
2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor
2.4 Relay module x 4
2.5 LED Lamp
2.6 9 V Battery
2.7 ON/OFF Switch
3. CIRCUIT OPERATION AND SIMULATION
4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
4.1 Discussion
4.2 Conclusion
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to automatic light switch using Arduino for window
1.2 Block diagram of Arduino

UART ( Serial data interface)

2 KB RAM 32 KB

( Working memory ) Flash Memory ( Sketches )

1 KB
EEPROM CPU

(Non-Volatile)

Input/Output parts
1.3 Implementation Program
The implementation programs can be categorized as follows:
 Studying the related theoretical background
 Considering the design requirements
 Testing the components of overall system
 Constructing the overall system
 Making the discussion

1.4 Aims and Objectives

1.5 Outline of the project

This project report consists of chapters one to four. Chapter one provides
introduction of Automatic switch light using Arduino for window. Chapter two
explains the overall system of the entire project and its operation. Chapter three
describes the experimental results obtained from the design. Chapter Four
mentions discussion and conclusion based on the result.
 CHAPTER 2
OVERALL SYSTEM
2.1 Components Automatic Switch Light using Arduino for Window
 Arduino Uno Board
 Ultrasonic Sensor
 Relay module x 4
 LED Lamp
 9 V Battery
 ON/OFF Switch
 Connecting Wires

2.2 ARDUINO UNO BOARD

The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the
Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and
initially released in 2010. The microcontroller board is equipped with sets of
digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may be interfaced to various
expansion boards (shields) and other circuits. The board has 14 digital I/O pins (six
capable of PWM output), 6 analog I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino
IDE (Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable. It can be
powered by a USB cable or a barrel connector that accepts voltages between 7 and
20 volts, such as a rectangular 9-volt battery. It has the same microcontroller as the
Arduino Nano board, and the same headers as the Leonardo board. The hardware
reference design is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike
2.5 license and is available on the Arduino website. Layout and production files for
some versions of the hardware are also available.
The Arduino boards can work as a stand-alone project and can be interfaced with
other Arduino boards or Raspberry Pi boards. Arduino UNO board is used in the
following applications.

 Weighing Machines
 Traffic Light Count Down Timer
 Parking Lot Counter
 Embedded systems
 Home Automation
 Industrial Automation
 Medical Instrument
 Emergency Light for Railways
2.2.1 Arduino Architecture
Basically, the processor of the Arduino board uses the Harvard architecture where
the program code and program data have separate memory. It consists of two
memories such as program memory and data memory. Wherein the data is stored in
data memory and the code is stored in the flash program memory. The Atmega328
microcontroller has 32kb of flash memory, 2kb of SRAM 1kb of EPROM and
operates with a 16MHz clock speed.

2.2.2 Advantages of Arduino Technology

 It is cheap.
 It comes with an open supply hardware feature that permits users to develop
their own kit.
 The software of the Arduino is well-suited with all kinds of in operation
systems like Linux, Windows, and Macintosh, etc.
 It also comes with open supply software system feature that permits tough
software system developers to use the Arduino code to merge with the
prevailing programing language libraries and may be extended and changed.
 For beginners, it is very simple to use.

2.3 Ultrasonic Sensor

An ultrasonic sensor is an instrument that measures the distance to an object
using ultrasonic sound waves. An ultrasonic sensor uses a transducer to send and
receive ultrasonic pulses that relay back information about an object's proximity.
Disadvantages of ultrasonic sensor

Some common disadvantages of conventional ultrasonic sensors include limited

testing distance, inaccurate readings, and inflexible scanning methods.

Advantages of Ultrasonic Sensors

-Not affected by color or transparency of objects.

-Can be used in dark environments.
Low-cost option.
-Not highly affected by dust, dirt, or high-moisture environments.
-Cannot work in a vacuum.
-Not designed for underwater use.
-Sensing accuracy affected by softmaterials and etc..

2.4 Relay Module x 4

The 1 Channel (Single-Channel) 5V Relay Module provides a single relay that can
be controlled by any 5V digital output from your microcontroller. The relay is
accessible using screw terminals and can handle up to 2A of current. A handy LED
indicates the status of the relay. This module provides a standard 3 pin
Signal/Voltage/Ground male header and a 4 pin "Grove" connector.
2.5 LED Lamp
LED stands for light emitting diode. LED lighting products produce light up
to 90% more efficiently than incandescent light bulbs.
An electrical current passes through a microchip, which illuminates the tiny
light sources we call LEDs and the result is visible light.
2.6 9 V Battery
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an electric battery that supplies a
nominal voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage measures 7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on
battery chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and capacities are manufactured; a
very common size is known as PP3. The PP3 has a rectangular prism shape with
rounded edges and two polarized snap connectors on the top. This type is
commonly used for many applications including household uses such as smoke and
gas detectors, clocks, and toys.
2.7 ON/OFF Switch
In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can
disconnect or connect the conducting path in an electrical circuit, interrupting the
electric current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
 CHAPTER 3
CIRCUIT OPERATION