I.

Ionic bonding

1. Write the dot diagram for the following:

Na atom S atom Cl atom K atom

Valence electrons: Valence electrons: Valence electrons: Valence electrons:

2. How many valance electrons do the above atoms have? Label that next to each configuration.

3. Why do atoms become ions?

4. Which type of atom will always lose valance electrons to become an ion?

5. Which type of atom will always gain valance electrons to become an ion?

6. Draw the electron dot structures showing the transfer of electrons that occurs when the
following form ionic compounds:
1. Decide how many electrons are in the outer shell of each atom and mark them on.
2. Show how the electrons are transferred.
3. Show how many electrons the ions now have.
4. Work out the charge on each ion.
Example: Sodium /2)8)1)/ and Fluorine /2)7)/ - Chemical formula is Na +F-

Try these ones yourself

1. Lithium and Sulfur
2. Magnesium and Chlorine

3. Calcium and Oxygen

II. Covalent bonding

CH4 methane molecule NH3 ammonia molecule H2O water molecule

O2 oxygen molecule HF hydrogen fluoride molecule SO2 sulfur dioxide molecule

1. Complete the following chart.
Element Chemical Total # of # of valence Dot diagram
Symbol electrons electrons

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

Sulfur
2. Determine the type of bond (ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent) that will form between the
following atoms.
 Ca and Cl
 C and S
 Mg and F
 N and O
 H and O
 S and O
 Br and Cl
 F and O
 P and S
 H and Cl
 C and H
 H and H

3. Draw the electron dot structure for each of the molecules below.
Formula Type of bond Drawing and Shape
PCl3

Br2O

SCl2

Br2

CF4