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Answers Lesson 1
Answers Lesson 1
Q1c
Q1d
Remark: you can also makes the plausible as follows. If a analogue signal x(t)=sin(∙t) with =2∙∙f is sampled at a
sample rate of fsample, then it applies for the discrete signal x[n]:
2∙𝜋∙𝑓∙𝑛 𝑓 𝑓 − 𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑥[𝑛] = sin(𝜔 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ 𝑇𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 ) = sin ( ) = sin (2 ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ ( − 1)) = sin (2 ∙ 𝜋 ∙ 𝑛 ∙ ( ))
𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
So, the frequency that is observed after digitizing can be f (analogue frequency) or f - fsample.
Q2
Q4a. FIR-filter because the output is calculated only from input terms
b. Step-response: x[n] = { 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 … }
Q5a. First order IIR-filter because an older output sample is used to calculate a new output sample.
b.
n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Step response 0.5 0.95 1.355 1.7195 2.0476 2.3428 2.6085 2.8477 3.2566 3.4309
Impulse response 0.5 0.45 0.4050 0.3645 0.3281 0.2952 0.2657 0.2391 0.2152 0.1743
c. In steady state, it applies: x[n] = 1 and y[n] = y[n-1] = ysteady_state. If we input this in the difference equation, we have:
ysteady_state = 0.5 ∙ 1 + 0.9 ∙ ysteady_state → ysteady_state∙ (1 – 0.9) = 0.5 → ysteady_state = 0.5 / 0.1 = 5.
Q5a. Second order IIR-filter because a 2-samples delayed output sample is used to calculate a new output sample.
c. In steady state, it applies: x[n] = 1 and y[n] = y[n-1] = y[n-2] = ysteady_state. If we input this in the difference equation,
we find: ysteady_state = 1 + 1.97 ∙ ysteady_state - 0.98 ∙ ysteady_state → ysteady_state∙ (1 – 0.99) = 1 → ysteady_state = 1 / 0.01 = 100.